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Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural uranium is an important material basis to ensure the sustainable and stable development of national nuclear energy. Ocean contains abundant natural uranium resources, and the extraction of uranium from seawater is of great strategic and economic significance for supplementing and improving our country’s uranium supply system and realizing the autonomy of natural uranium supply. In this paper, the latest progress in the research direction of seawater uranium extraction technology in recent years is reviewed. This paper mainly summarizes the research results of adsorption materials and field tests for uranium extraction from seawater at home and abroad, and prospects the future development of uranium extraction from seawater.

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the construction of high-speed railway subgrade engineering, there is still a lack of advanced design and calculation methods for surcharge preloading with insufficient preloading period, which needs to be transformed from the qualitative stage to quantitative calculation stage. Based on the concept that surcharge preloading must be unloaded to equal preloading in advance and the settlement consolidation calculation theory, this paper systematically establishes the implementation principle and design method of surcharge preloading for high-speed railway subgrade with insufficient preloading period: (1)it is determined that the foundation does not need to be reinforced when the natural base or pile bottom of the pile-plate structure is strongly or weakly weathered bedrock; and it can be qualitatively reinforced conditionally under such other working conditions as when the post-construction subsidence meets the requirements of specification; (2) On the basis of determination the overload unloading time and the recommended value of unloading settlement standard, the calculation and design process of surcharge preloading are put forward; (3) The matters needing attention in settlement evaluation, unloading, site checking and calculation, and the impact of surrounding construction environment in future engineering application are pointed out. On the premise of reliable technology and reasonable economy, the requirements of on-time evaluation, unloading and track laying of the subgrade works shall be maximally satisfied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the shortcomings of crow search algorithm ( CSA), this paper proposed a crow search algorithm using multi-mode flight ( MFCSA) . Based on the strength of foraging ability, the algorithm divided the population into two groups: strong and weak foraging ability. Those with strong foraging ability adopted the strategy of trailing and tracking the optimal target of the current group, and flied to the vicinity of the current optimal position of the group under the guidance of the group information to carry out search activities, which enhanced the local exploitation ability of the algorithm. Those with weaker foraging ability adopted the two strategies of observing and learning the foraging methods of the strong, and flying away quickly when encountering danger, the former could improve the global exploration ability of the algorithm, and the latter could maintain the diversity of the population. Through the numerical experiment simulation of 15 benchmark test functions and 2 engineering application problems, the results show that the MFCSA has better performance in optimization accuracy, convergence speed, etc., enhances the ability to avoid falling into the local optimum, and has better stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas / Shi You Yu Tian Ran Qi Hua Gong is the property of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics is the property of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Investigation & Surveying is the property of Railway Investigation & Surveying Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The structure characteristics of air-dissolving device directly affect the gas-liquid mass transfer rate and air-dissolving efficiency in a pressurized dissolution type microbubble generator. Considering the significant role of air-dissolving device, the air-dissolving mechanism, the structure of the air-dissolving device and the evaluation method were systematically presented in this paper. The air-dissolving mechanisms such as, classical mass transfer theory model, the improved classical mass transfer theory model and the eddy current theory model, were briefly introduced. Then, the structure characters and working principles of typical air-dissolving device, such as packing type, jet type, inner cylinder overflow type, spiral-flow type and swirling type, were summarized. After that, the corresponding research methods of the air-dissolving device in practical engineering were systematically presented. All in all, the research of air-dissolving mechanism was still on the way, which only provided guidance for the air-dissolving device design at a macro level. The mass transfer rate was hard to quantitatively characterize when combining the air-dissolving mechanism and air-dissolving device. Thus, more efforts should be made to strengthen the research of universal theoretical model, and promote the coordinated development of air-dissolving mechanism and air-dissolving device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Investigation & Surveying is the property of Railway Investigation & Surveying Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intelligent mine filling is an important part of unmanned and intelligent mine construction. Aiming at the lack of a systematic understanding of how to construct intelligent mine filling and what functions the intelligent control system should have in the domestic, this paper analyzes the key points of mine filling control and designs the "cloud, edge and end" three layer intelligent control system for mine filling based on the industrial Internet platform. Combined with the engineering case of Wushan copper mine′s unclassified tailings paste filling system construction, the intelligent control system has been introduced in detail, which can provide reference for the realization of intelligent filling construction in domestic mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the reinforcement of soft marine deposit, relying on the main reclamation works of the Hong Kong Airport three runway system project (hereinafter referred to as the Hong Kong three runway project), the on-site trial process for high pressure jet grouting piles was carried out, and the advanced multi-functional high pressure jet grouting rig from Italy was adopted, which has high degree of construction automation, good quality of jet grouting pile and fast work efficiency. This paper focuses on the influence of cement dosage, curing age, etc. on the strength on-site cement soil, as well as the strength proportion of indoor cement soil at different ages. It provides a good engineering and technical reference for the popularization and application of high-pressure jet grouting pile reinforcement method in coastal soft soil foundation in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The standard whale optimization algorithm( WOA ) and some derivative algorithms are studied and experimented to solve the problem of poor results of some examples. It is proved that there is a zero searching preference trap in the " encircling" process of WOA. In addition, the unbalanced search characteristics of chaos optimization algorithm( COA) make it difficult to reconcile the chaos initial population and swarm intelligence optimization process. In order to improve the above defects, this paper selected two chaotic systems and bubble net hunting strategy, and designed a set of fusion optimization algorithm. The algorithm adopted the baseline adaptive oscillation group partition strategy based on fitness to guide the group behavior pattern, gave full play to the role of chaotic system, and balanced the exploration and convergence performance. It used the new algorithm to solve the general/improved examples and engineering application cases. It 's obviously that the performance of the algorithm is better than the contrast group algorithm,and there is no searching preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the construction of deep cement mixing（ DCM） vessel, the original soil is mainly mixed by rotating and cutting the mixing blades of the processor to ensure the pile quality. Due to the different structures of the mixing blades, it has a great impact on the work efficiency of the DCM pile, thus affecting the overall progress of the project. Taking the offshore DCM pile construction of Hong Kong Airport project as an example, this paper analyzes the working efficiency of the vessel under different mixing blade designs, so as to provide basic construction data reference for the implementation of engineering projects in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national concept of dietary nutrition and health has changed from“eating-full”, “eating-well” to “eating-right”, as China's per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 reached 10,000 U.S. dollars. Modern diets are gradually moving from basic requirement of nutrition and flavor, to three major elements including safety, nutrition and health. The paper put forward a new framework of the dialectical nutrition based on Chinese dietary therapy and modern nutrition. The dialectical nutrition, based on the “new nutrition science” that proposed by the 18th International congress of Nutrition, aims to explore food nutrition, human physique and their dialectical relationship, using a dialectical and systematic approach. According to the overall, comprehensive and balanced nutritional perspective, the framework was then combined with the diet and taste of food in Chinese dietary therapy, in order to build a whole discipline system from philosophy to science. The evaluation system can be suitable for the characteristics of Chinese diet, physical classification, and health status. The dialectical nutrition, served as a sort of nutrition discipline, is complied with the definition and concept of new modern nutrition, with emphasizing on the interdisciplinary integration in the range of biology, sociology, and humanities. The purpose of dialectical nutrition was used to balance the dynamic transformation of food and nutritional physique, in order to achieve human nutrition and health. This is because the dialectic method was a theoretical strategy with technical precision and dynamic balance. Therefore, this study proposed a construction of two framework for 1) the healthy food engineering system based on six attributes, including germplasm, habitat, processing, nutrition, function, and bias, and for 2) the nutrition physical engineering system based on six evaluated indices, including basal metabolism, gastrointestinal macrogenes, nutritional genes, emotional strength, immunity, digestion and absorption ability.A dynamic model of transformation balance has also established based on the big data mining. The integrated frameworks with the dynamic models can form an new engineering system for nutrition and health. This proposed system can provide sound basis for the four supporting systems of talents, technology, industry and capital in China society. The study can innovate the development of the healthy food industry, and upgrade of national healthy consumption, as well provide scientific dietary guidance for the health of the entire population, and lay a solid healthy foundation for the national effort to build China into a comprehensive moderately prosperous society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quantity of medical equipment in hospital rise quickly recent year. It provides the comprehensive support to the clinical service. The maintenance of medical equipment becomes more important than before. It is necessary to study on the orientation and function of clinical engineer in medical equipment maintenance system. Refer to three grade health care system, the community doctors which is called General practitioner, play an important role as the gatekeeper of health care system to triage and cost control. The paper suggests that hospital clinical engineer should play similar role as the gatekeeper of medical equipment maintenance system which composed by hospital clinical engineer, manufacture engineer and third party engineer. The hospital clinical engineer should be responsible of guard a pass of medical equipment maintenance quality and cost control. As the gatekeeper, hospital clinical engineer should take the responsibility of "General engineer" and pay more attention to safety and health of medical equipment. The responsibility description and future transition? development of clinical engineer as "General Engineer" is discussed. More attention should be recommended to the team building of hospital clinical engineer as "General Engineer".

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil bioengineering is a kind of engineering by using living plant materials to construct the structures with some engineering and ecological functions, which can provide an effective means for the slope stabilization and site restoration of stream banks. In this paper, the principles of soil bioengineering, basic planting methods, live stakes, live fascines, brush layering, and integrated technologies were discussed in brief, and the first demo project of soil engineering in ecological restoration of stream bank in our country was introduced. After 10-month project implementation, significant effectiveness was obtained on slope stability, habitat improvement, and ecological restoration of stream banks. It was concluded that the approach could be widely applied in ecological restoration of all kinds of slopes in China.

Different from the bridge with a single deck, the aerodynamic interference phenomenon caused by the two neighboring decks makes the aerodynamic performance of the parallel bridge with twin-decks much more complicated. Tanggu Bridge over Hai River in Tianjin, a parallel bridge with twin-decks, was taken as an engineering background. The present paper focuses on the vortex--induced oscillation (VIO) study of Tanggu Bridge which involves the amplitude analysis and the selection of vibration-reducing measure. The results firstly show that the high-order VIO can be successfully simulated via the full bridge aeroelastic model test and the Strouhal numbers of each VIO remain the same. Secondly, the high-order VIO can be estimated by the first--order VIO test, but the lock-in zone of wind speed may be larger than that of the test results. Besides, the maximal amplitudes of the estimation are smaller than those of the test results, the reasons of which are also analyzed briefly in this paper. Thirdly, the multi -- orifice plate has a good vibration -- reducing effect, which is related directly to the perforated ratio and its location [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, energy value analysis and new energy index for sustainable development (EISD) were used to evaluate three different dike-pond agro-ecological engineering modes in Sanshui city of Pearl River Delta in system and subsystem levels. The result showed that mode III was the best in its sustainable development ability. The EISD of mode III was 58.3% and 29.7% higher than that of modes I and II. With a higher economic benefit and higher environmental loading, the planting subsystem had the lowest sustainability. Although the economic benefit of stock raising subsystem was not high, its indirect benefit was higher. With a higher economic benefit and a lower environmental loading, fishing subsystem had the highest sustainability.

The concept and characteristics of engineering designs on sustainable agricultural land consolidation project were discussed in this paper. Principles, basic methods and procedures of engineering designs on agricultural land consolidation project were put forward, which were successfully adopted for designing agricultural land consolidation in Xuemeiyang region of Changtai County, including diversity designs of sustainable land use, engineering designs of soil improvement, roads, ditches, and drains for protecting existent animal environments, and design of ecological shelter-forests in farmland. Moreover, from sustainable economic, ecological and social points, the results of these engineering designs were evaluated based on fouteen important indexes. After carrying out these engineeringdesigns, the eco-environments and agricultural production conditions were significantly improved, and the farm income was increased in planned regions.

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oil Drilling & Production Technology / Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi is the property of Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi Bianjibu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Carsologica Sinica is the property of Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a novel global optimization method-specular reflection algorithm (SRA) is proposed, which simulates the unique optical property of mirror-reflection function. Combining the computing features of the SRA with traditional mathematical theories, the global convergence ability of the SRA is verified. The reasonable value of the SRA's control parameter is analysed, so that the best control parameter which is suitable for current optimization problems can be acquired. Four numerical examples are researched using the SRA and other 4 classical intelligent optimization methods, such as particle swarm optimization, Kalman swarm optimization, etc. Simulation results of numerical examples demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the SRA, especially its suitability for solving high dimensional, multi-peak complex functions. Finally the structure of general bridge crane is investigated and designed by SRA for robust reliability optimization design. The results illustrate that the SRA is reasonable, accurate and can be treated as an effective analysis technique in reliability-based robust optimization design. It can be predicted that the SRA can be widely used in engineering for creating more value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Geology / Gongcheng Dizhi Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Geology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

本研究旨在探討1989至2008年間，台灣、香港、大陸地區工程類文獻作者之共同合作情形。透過兩岸三地被科學引文索引擴大版（Science Citation Index Expanded, SCIE）資料庫蒐錄之文獻數量，進一步觀察14類工程學門中作者人數、作者合作對象、高產量機構及其合作對象，以及作者人數與文獻被引用次數間是否相關。研究結果顯示在14類工程學科中，兩岸三地皆以免疫生物醫學工程之平均合作作者人數為最高，環境工程亦同樣在三地都有較高平均作者人數的表現。由此可見，免疫生物醫學工程及環境工程都是較多學者共同合作研究產出的學科。兩岸三地之多作者文獻比率皆在 90%左右，單一作者文獻數較少。在高產機構方面，台灣集中於台灣大學、成功大學、清華大學、交通大學，並發現台灣大學的研究者最常與同校研究者共同合作。此外，兩岸三地之跨國合作對象皆以美國為最多。最後探討作者人數與文獻被引用次數間是否相關，發現兩岸三地單一作者產出之文獻的被引用次數普遍較低，但皆無法明顯看出作者人數與文獻被引用次數間的 關係。The purpose of this research is to investigate the author productivity and degree of collaboration in the literature of engineering for Taiwan, Hong Kong,and Mainland China from 1989 to 2008. The data were collected from the SCIE database for 14 engineering disciplines. The average authors per article,the researcher with whom the authors collaborate, the highly productive institutions, the correlation between the number of authors and the frequency of being cited are explored. The results of the study reveal that 1. Biomedical engineering and environmental engineering have the highest average number of author collaborations in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the mainland China; 2. The percentage of multi-author literature is approximately 90% in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the mainland China; 3. There are only a few single-author papers; 4.For highly productive organizations, the majority of author collaborations have a higher concentration in National Taiwan University, National Cheng Kung University, National Tsing Hua University, and National Chaio Tung University in Taiwan; 5. The researchers from National Taiwan University collaborate mostly with the researchers from the same university; 6. Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the mainland China have the most international collaboration with the United States of America; 7. The single-author paper in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the mainland China has a lower frequency of being cited in general; 8.There is no correlation between the number of authors and the frequency of beingcited.