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Using chitosan as the wall material, sweet orange oil as the core material, and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as the cross-linking agent, the sweet orange oil nanocapsules were prepared by the complex aggregation method. Through single factor test and orthogonal test, the process conditions were optimized, and the evaluation of particle size and distribution, surface structure, physical stability, thermal stability and embedding situation of sweet orange oil nanocapsules were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for preparing sweet orange oil nanocapsules by complex aggregation method were chitosan mass concentration 1. 8 mg/ mL, tween 20 mass concentration 1. 2 mg/ mL, and sweet orange oil mass concentration 3. 6 mg/ mL; The average particle size of the sweet orange oil nano-microcapsule emulsion prepared under the optimal conditions was about 500 nm, showing a normal distribution, and the emulsion had good physical stability. The orange oil nano microcapsule had good thermal stability. Infrared spectroscopy showed that orange oil was successfully embedded in chitosan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]