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This paper presents a general review of the distribution of calcium oxalate crystal in angiosperms and its application in microscopic pharmacognosy, along with a discussion on the stability it maintains in identification.

In this paper, fifteen seeds including Chinese drug Sharen and its adulterante in Amomum are studied. The histological characters of these seeds are described and compared in a table and illustrated with line drawings. The distribution of 2 constituents in essential oil of these seeds is determined by means of TLC with authentic samples.

This paper reports the determination of strychnine and brucine in different parts of Semen Strychni (the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica and S. pierriana), and makes a comparison of the contents between the crude forms and processed products of the two seeds. Based on the results, the authors have made some discussion about the relationship between the alkaloid distribution in Semen Strychni and its processing.

In the present paper, a quantitative method for determining the main choleretic components (chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxyacetophenone and scoparone) in Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. by TLC densitometry was developed. The concentrated methanolic extract was spotted on to a home-made silica gel G plate The plate was developed stepwisely, first with chloroform-ethyl acetateformic acid (2:2:1), then with cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (1:1). The three components were well separated. The spots were scanned with a Shimadzu CS-910 TLC scanner, by reflection mode and linear scanning. The linear relationship between the amount of the three components and peak area was obtained, but it did not go through the origin; so a two-point external standard method was used in the determination. Various samples of different collecting seasons and different parts of the plant were assayed.

Five saponins (I-V) have been isolated from the flowers of Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S.C. Cheng (Caprifoliaceae). This paper reports the structural determination of V, a new triterpenoid saponin named fulvotomentoside A, and characterization of I and II. Fulvotomentoside A, C58H94O26, was obtained as white crystalline needles, mp 215-7 degrees C, [a]D27.5-14.9 degrees (c 0.98, MeOH). Its structure was elucidated to be 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)- alpha-L-arabanopyranosyl-hederagenin-28-O-beta-glu cop yranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D- glucopyranoside mainly by spectroscopic analysis (IR, MS, 1H and 13CNMR) and chemical degradation. I, C41H66O12, mp 259-262 degrees C, and II, C46H74O16, mp 222-7 degrees C, were identified to be alpha-hederin and sapindoside B, respectively.

A species of the genus Glycyrrhiza, G. eurycarpa P. C. Li recently reported as a new species growing in Gansu Province and Xinjiang Autonomous Region has not been studied before on its chemical constituents. This paper reports the isolation and chemical elucidation of four flavonoid glycosides from this species collected in Jinta County, Gansu Province. On the basis of physical and chemical constants and spectroscopic data (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR), compound I was confirmed as a new isoflavone diglycoside. Its structure was elucidated as formononetin-7-O[-D-apio-beta-D-furanosyl(1----2)]-beta-D-gl ucopyranoside. The new compound was named glycyroside. The other three components (II-IV) were identified as liquiritin, isoliquiritin and schaftoside, respectively.

Dioscorea zingiberensis wright is native to China. In this paper correlations between seven climatic factors (mean annual temperature, mean annual relative humidity, mean annual 5 cm soil temperature, annual precipitation. Annual sunshine hours, mean annual sunshine percentage and annual greater than or equal to 10 degrees C accumulative temperature) and diosgenin content has been reported. It is annual precipitation and mean annual 5 cm soil temperature that are real principal factors affecting the diosgenin content. The most suitable climatic range for the biosynthesis and accumulation of diosgenin is as follows: Annual precipitation: 800-900 mm, 850 mm the best. Mean annual 5 cm soil temperature: 15-17 degrees C, 16 degrees C the best.

This paper reports a quantitative determination in the contents of flavonoids in Rhododendron leaves by HPTLC scanning method. The methanol extract of each sample was spotted on a HPTLC silica gel plate (E. Merck F254) alongside with standard substances. Using the upper layer of petroleum ether (60-90 degrees C)-ether-formic acid (62:31:7) as developing solvent I, farrerol, kaempferol and quercetin were well separated. The spots were determined by a single wavelength (366 nm) TLC-scanner, Camag model 76510. The same plate was then further developed by developing solvent II:7 ml of the lower layer of chloroform-methanol-water (7:3:1) plus 0.5 ml of formic acid to separate polystachoside, quercitrin and hyperoside. The densitometric determination of each spot was also carried out with the same scanner. The contents of 6 flavonoids in the leaves of 166 Rhododendron species were thus determined.

The extracellular polysaccharide from the filtrate of fungal fermentation of Mortierella hepiali, a fungus isolated from traditional Chinese crude drug Cordyceps sinesis, is made up of three sugar components, glucose, mannose and galactose, which are detected by paper and gas chromatography. Both molar ratio and contents of the polysaccharide are determined by the internal standard method.

This paper presents a survey of some pathologic models on animals established to satisfy the needs of research on Chinese materia medica in Japan over the last several years, e.g., model of blood-stasis syndrome, model of "taiyang" syndrome, model of spleen deficiency syndrome, speeded aging model and two related models, i.e. chronic renal insufficiency and bronchitis. All these models can be used for reference in the experimental research on Chinese materia medica.

This paper reports the results of a study on 57 Chinese medicinal materials, including the distribution of crystals, types of crystal morphology, size or degree of distinctness. Based on the crystal morphology a checking-index diagram has been compiled as foundations for classifying medicinal plants and micro-identifying the tissue powder of medicinal materials.

The traditional processing with drug juice has a long history, rich contents, rigid regularities and a variety of method. It is one of the important processing methods in Chinese medicine. To systematize and make better use of the traditional methods of processing drug juices, this paper has conducted an investigation from such angles as historical background, approximate rules of composing and clinical application.

This paper presents the anti-senility effects of Shou Xing Bu Zhi (SXBZ. made of thirteen herbs: Polygonum multiflorum, Codonopsis silvestris, Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos, etc.) in mice. The mice were administered with the SXBZ orally at dosage of 10 g/kg daily for three months. The results showed that the lipofuscin of liver and brain tissues was significantly reduced in both young (1 month old) and adult (11 months) mice. Examination of lipid peroxidation of liver tissue revealed a marked decrease in adult mice. The lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogeneous was obviously inhibited after culturing with drug solutions (5.0 mg/0.1 ml), 37 degrees C for 90 minutes in vitro. In addition, the diminution of hydroxyproline of skin in both young and adult mice was observed. Results of this study indicated that the SXBZ was effective in slowing down aging.

Considering both the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and existing problems in the present work, this paper has expounded the position of processing in traditional Chinese medicine and the steps to develop Chinese herbal processing science.

This paper deals with the prospective clinical study on treatment of acute upper digestive tract hemorrhage with Wen-She decoction (WSD). An opened sequential controlled trial method of simple orientation quality reaction was adopted in this study. 7 cases were treated and all of them were cured. It was concluded that WSD was an excellent therapy to treat the middle or small amount hemorrhage of acute upper digestive tract. The effective rate of WSD of the stool OB (+) becoming (-) within 5 days was more than 95%. WSD consists of Codonopsis pilosulae, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale, Os sepiae Halloysitum rubrum and Astragalus membranaceus. It is effective in stopping bleeding by warming the Spleen and tonifying Qi.

In this paper the immunosuppressive effects of Gui Zhi Tang (a famous Chinese medicine) on the murine immune functions are reported. Varying dosages of Gui Zhi Tang administrated orally, i.p. and i.m. were able to inhibit the amounts of PFC, SRFC and the DTH response induced by BSA and the proliferation response of murine spleen cells to Con A and LPS. Further studies showed that Gui Zhi Tang had the inhibitory effect on Interleukin-2 production of murine spleen cells, which might be one of the mechanisms leading to the immunosuppressive effects of Gui Zhi Tang.

According to TCM theory "hunger impairs one's Qi", the authors had made mouse model of Qi deficiency syndrome (QDS) through controlling amount of food fed. Compared with mice of normal group, the body weight, thymus index and spleen index obviously decreased in mice of QDS group. The similar effects on humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity were also obtained. It was found that the Codonopsis pilosulae and Astragalus Injection (CPAI) possessed the promoting action of thymus index, spleen index, humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity on QDS mice and normal mice except spleen index. However, QDS mice were more sensitive to CPAI than the normal mice. 4 x 10(9) SRBC/mouse was administered to normal donor mice by i.p., the super-optimal immunization could obviously induce generation of Ts cells. The CPAI could also reduce generation of Ts cells. This paper had proved that the inherent relation between Qi and immune response of organism, and that the CPAI could promote immune response by means of reducing Ts cells.

This paper is concerned with a comprehensive study on the conditions required for baking pieces and grains of Atractylodes macrocephala Kloidz. through the determination of the relative content of atractylone and moisture content in the rhizome. Optimum roasting temperature and time before pulverizing have been determined, thus providing reliable basis for devising the suitable technological process.

In this paper in is reported that nine prescriptions often used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diseases with fever were tested experimentally for the effect on fever of rats induced by endotoxin. The results are as follows: Da-yuan-decoction, Gan-lu-xiao-du-pill, Lian-pu-decoction, Cai-hao-mixture, Da-huang-huang-lian-jie-du-decoction, Tao-ren-cheng-qi-decorction, Ge-gen-qin-lian-decoction, Yin-qiao-jie-du-decoction etc. can notably reduce fever in rats induced by endotoxin with the exception of Bai-hu-decoction that has no obvious effect on fever-reduction.

This paper presents a review on recent advances in experimental study and clinical application of Pueraria lobata. Experiments indicate that from Pueraria lobata many effective constituents can be extracted. The efficacy for arrhythmia etc. is obvious. The clinical use for various diseases in internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, dermatology and E.N.T. has also proved effective. pueraria lobata is supposed to have wide application.

The clinical and experimental results of Jianpiling for treating diarrhea due to Spleen deficiency were reported in this paper. 268 cases in the treatment group were treated with Jianpiling, 8 tablets three times daily for a consecutive period of 40-60 days. The curative rate and the total effective rate were 63.4% and 98.5% respectively. 75 cases in the control group were treated with SASP or Diphenoxylatum Co., the curative rate and the total effective rate being 38.7% and 94.7% respectively. The difference of the curative rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The excretory rate of D-xylose demonstrated that Jianpiling could increase the resorptive function of small intestine. The experiment on isolated small intestine of rabbits showed that Jianpiling could strikingly inhibit the peristalsis of isolated jejunum and ileum. The effect of relieving spasm of the intestine and alleviating pain was taken by antagonising the exictative function of M-receptor for acetylcholine and directly inhibiting the intestinal smooth muscle.

In this paper four compounds isolated from Radix Ophiopogonis are described. Their structures have been identified as beta-sitosterol (I), 6-aldehydo-7-methoxy-isoophiopogonanone B (II), beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (III) and 1-borneol-beta-D-apisyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IV) on the basis of spectral data and hydrolytic reaction.

This paper presents a survey of the study on the relationship between trace elements and effect of treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. The authors have made a review in the light of Chinese medicinal theory.

This paper reports the clinical treatment of 120 patients with cholelithiasis for 2 months with Jinquiancao Gao. The Results showed that the clinical effective rate was 92.5%, among which 29 cases were cured, 42 cases markedly improved and 40 cases ineffective. Animal experiments showed that this medicine can prevent gallstone growth. The gallstone growth rate was 78.5% in the control group and 42.8% in the experimental group (P less than 0.05). The mechanism of the decrease of gallstone growth rate suggests that the said medicine could inhibit the activity of beta-Glucuronidase in the bile, diminish the non-combined bilirubin and prevent the bile from forming bilirubin stones. The result of cultured liver cells in vitro showed that the cholesterol synthesis was markedly inhibited by Jinqiancao Gao. Thus the cholesterol concentration of bile was decreased. These effects in turn prevented the bile from forming cholesterol stones.

This paper reports 30 cases of hearing-loss induced by aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity treated mainly with Kidney-tonifying herbs such as Herba Epimedii, Rhizoma Drynariae, Rhizoma Polygonati, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Magnetitum and Rhizoma Acori Graminei, etc. After three month's treatment, the authors found that 19 cases had improved their hearing more than 15 db, among which there are 8 cases who had improved 15 db and 11 cases 30 db. The patients' hearing of pre-treatment and post-treatment were determined by BAR V-wave hearing threshold. In order to further prove that Kidney-tonifying prescription can antagonize the aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity, animal experiments had been made. The authors chose guinea pigs for experimental animals, which were randomly divided into three groups: Kanamycin group, kanamycin with Kidney-tonifying herbs group, and control group. The indexes of the experiments were the animals' helix reflection index, BAR and observation of animals' cochlear under electron microscope. As a result, the damage to hair cell of Cortis organ has marked for the animals of kanamycin group, while for kanamycin with herbs group, it was obviously slighter (P less than 0.01). There was significant difference between the groups. The result indicates that Kidney-tonifying herbs had the effect of protecting the animals' hair cells of cortis organ against aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity and thus protected the animals' hearing.

This paper reports the result of the content determination of water extract of Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis. It has been found that the yellower colour of section, the richer the contents of the water extract, and the contents tend to decrease when stored for a long time or unsuitably kept. The contents of water extract have nothing to do with the diameter or the producing area. We suggest using cold extraction to determine the contents of water extract of Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis and the content should not be less than 16 percent.

The present paper reports the contents of ursolic acid in Crataegus pinnatifida var. major before and after processing determined by CS-920 TLC scanner: 0.274% and 0.265%, coefficients of variation 1.180% and 1.150% respectively. This method is simple, fast, reproducible and highly sensitive.

In this paper, the rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) Young (Y); (2) Aged (A); (3) Aged rats treated with Chang Chun Dan (AT) for 3 months. The level of noradrenaline (NA) in brain and plasma of three group rats had been examined by radioenzymatic assay. The changes of fluorescent intensity of NA in locus coeruleus had been observed by histochemical method. The levels of NA in hypothalamus of three groups were 162 +/- 9.93, 209 +/- 13.2, 167 +/- 11.8 ng/g wet tissues and in plasma were 1.29 +/- 0.16, 0.84 +/- 0.08, 0.96 +/- 0.08 ng/ml respectively. The results showed that the NA level of hypothalamus in AT group was lower than that of A group (P less than 0.05), and the NA level in Y group was raised markedly comparing with A group (P less than 0.01). The plasma NA level in A group was significantly lower than that in Y group (P less than 0.05). The NA level in AT group was raised a little comparing with A group. But the fluorescent intensity of NA in locus coeruleus between AT and A group was no difference. The results suggested that the changes of neurotransmitter induced by Chang Chun Dan may be basis of delaying aging effect and improving symptom of Kidney deficiency induced by aging.

This paper describes a gas chromatographic method for the determination of preservative--ethyl paraben in shengmaiyin Oral Liquid. The method is simple, rapid and accurate. The recovery is good (99.5%), and the coefficient of variation is 0.288%.

In this paper, the decoction of Yiguan Jian is reported to have significant fatigue-resisting, hypoxia-resisting, antiinflammatory, sedative, analgesic, extracorporal bacterio-static actions, and also to strengthen the phagocytosis of Phagocytes. Besides, the drug can antagonize acetylcholine-induced spasm of isolated intestinal muscles in rabbits. The decoction has proved safe for use. This study provides some experimental basis for clinical use in nourishing yin, invigorating the liver and treating many diseases.

Chinese drugs constitute a unique medicinal system that features the following three subsystems: subsystem of medicinal substances consisting of traditional theories such as "four properties and five tastes of drugs" and "the principal, adjuvant, auxiliary and conduct ingredients in a prescription' , etc; subsystem of pharmacological actions comprising the theory of "ascending, descending, floating and sinking", etc; Subsystem of human body's functions incorporating the theory of "drugs to act on the channels". In this paper a discussion has been held on the above three-element structure of traditional Chinese drugs.

Based on the experience of the late Beijing traditional medicine professor Zhao Bingnan in treating acute infectious febrile disease and its complications, compound herbal drink composed of five kinds of shen. Six hundred cases of febrile disease with damage to Yin and reddened tongue syndrome and hypokalemia. Patients were randomly divided into groups I, II and control. The perspective study of treatment results and experiments were carried out. The results showed that group I and II who received the compound five-Shen herbal drink (CFSHD) showed good therapeutic effects, the rates of significant effectiveness were 65.5% and 73.1% respectively (P greater than 0.05). The total rates of effectiveness were 97.2% and 96.2% respectively. The rate of significant effectiveness of the control group was 11%, total rate of effectiveness was 43%. There was significant statistical difference between the control group and group I or II (P less than 0.001). Authors of present paper are the first to propose the "Reddened Tongue" to be the main diagnostic criterion of syndrome of "Damage both to the Qi and Yin". Laboratory examination of 344 cases of "Reddened Tongue" revealed that 317 cases with hypokalemia (blood potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L) were 92.15% of the entire group. The authors point out that most of the patients with "damage to both the Qi and Yin" besides hypokalemia can be also low in calcium, magnesium and trace elements. After treatment with CFSHD restoration of normal blood potassium was parallel with the improvement of the reddened tongue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Experiments were conducted in chinchilla rabbits to determine the effect of Huoxue-Huayu (promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis) on the electroretinogram (ERG). An animal model of intraocular hemorrhage was established by radiating of Q-switched ruby laser in 58 eyes of 39 rabbits. After laser radiation, the amplitudes of ERGs of the animal eyes were remarkably reduced. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups. One group was the control group without any treatment. The other two groups were treated with Yandi Decoction III, a composite prescription of Huoxue-Huayu) and urokinase respectively for 3 weeks. The depressed ERGs in the Yandi Decoction III treated group showed remarkable recovery during 6 weeks after starting treatment, comparing with that in the control group and the urokinase treated group (P less than 0.05). Finally, the 33% of the lost amplitude of a-wave and 28% of b-wave in the Yandi Decoction III treated group were recovered. The mechanism of ERG recovery in the Huoxue-Huayu therapy was also preliminarily discussed in the paper.

Five triterpenoids were isolated from total Glucosides of Tripterygium Wilfordii (T II). T1 was identified as wilforlide A; T2 a new triterpenic acid, as 3 beta-22 beta-dihydroxy-delta 12-oleanen-29-oic acid, named Triptotriterpenic acid B; T6 as orthosphenic acid; T3 and T28 had been reported in other papers. T2, T6 and T28 have been further confirmed by X-ray analysis. All of them were shown to have anti-inflammatory action except T1 wasn't examined.

This paper reported the measurement of maximal expiratory flow-volume curve (MEFV) for 66 cases of asthmatics in the convalescent stage. Among which the data of FEV, PEF, V75, V50, V25 in 35 cases (53.03% of the total) gave different abnormal as compared with healthy persons. It showed that in the convalescent stage, most of the asthmatics still possessed obstruction of airways and chiefly of small airways. 35 cases of asthmatics in the convalescent stage was given the Chinese herbal decoction of chiefly invigorating Kidney (Viscum coloratum 15g, Psoralea corylifolia 15g, Eucommia ulmoides 15g, Lycium chinense 9g, Tussilago farfara 15g, Artemisia capillaris 9g, and Pogostemon cablin 9g as daily dosage) for treatment of 10 weeks and measuring MEFV curves to observe their changes before and after treatment. The results showed that different parameters of MEFV was improved in some extent which suggested that the airway obstruction of asthmatics in the convalescent stage was reversible. In discussion, the authors indicated that the prompt treatment for asthmatics in the convalescent stage was conductive early to prevent emphysema and confirmed that the treatment with Chinese herbs of chiefly invigorating Kidney deserved to be propagated.

This paper reports the changes of immunity in treatment of active pulmonary tuberculosis with Fuzheng Guben Pill (FGP). The chemotherapy group consisted of 11 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis and was cured by streptomycin (SM) and isonicotinylhydrazide (INH). The FGP group consisted of 14 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis and was cured by SM and INH in combination with FGP. After 60 days of treatment, the subtype T-cell mediated immunity in the FGP group was recovered to normal level. (OKT3: 46.07 +/- 6.92 to 54.86 +/- 8.74; OKT4: 36.14 +/- 4.79 to 41.00 +/- 4.13, etc). The chemotherapy group had no obvious immunological change after medication. It was shown that FGP had an immunological modulation in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

The work in this paper has a twofold aim: 1 Verifying the Chinese drug "Banxia" in medicinal books before 1900 as the tuber of Pinellia ternata (Araceae), While P.ternata in Qizhou (Licheng County, Shandong Province) had been mistaken for P.tripartita which only grow in Japan; 2 proving young tuber of P.pedatisecta to be "Youba" which was confused with "Banxia" in some ancient medicinal books, while "Youba" has been regarded as Arisaema regens so far.

This paper deals with the quantitative determination of the total alkaloids in Radix Gelsemii and its preparation by colorimetric method with acid dye. It is shown that the mean contents of total alkaloids in Radix Gelsemii and its alkaloids injection were 0.621% and 5.02 mg/ml respectively, and the mean recovery was 96.87%.

This paper reviews recent developments in the research of solubility rate, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicinal preparations. The significance of these developments for prescription improvement, dosage form selection, technological formulation and rational drug-taking has also been discussed.

The relation between the "five flavours" of Chinese materia medica and toxicity has never been discussed in Chinese medicine and pharmacology. This paper presents that both the efficacy and toxicity of Chinese materia medica are caused by some material base-the five flavours, of which the acrid and bitter are the most toxic, the sweet the least, and the sour and salty the medium toxic.

On the basis of satisfying clinical effects of Qingfei Bushen Decoction, the authors carried out experimental studies with animals on anti-anaphylactic asthma with the decoction (200% condensed) to probe into the effective mechanism. The experimental results showed that the condensed decoction could effectively suppress rats' passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and guinea pigs' anaphylactic asthma allergized by egg protein. The results also showed that the condensed decoction obviously resisted the guinea pigs' bronchial spasm induced by histamine and acetylcholine, and it could significantly promote the multiplication of rats' thymus gland. Thymus gland multiplication and immunomodulating action are also discussed in the paper.

The total coptis alkaloids Wanshi Niuhang Qingxin Pills were determined by equal value derivative spectrophotometry in this paper. Quantitative analysis of six mixtures of medicinal herbs can be done easily on the extract. The average recovery of berberine.HCl is 98.55 +/- 1.90% (CV). The method features good reproducibility, favorable stability and high sensitivity.

Rhynchotechum vestitum Hook, F. et Thoms. mainly distributed in the southern part of Yunnan Province of China, has been used as a folk remedy for the treatment of hepatitis. No information has been found in the literature about its chemical investigation. In this paper, five compounds isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem and root of the plant are reported. Four of them were identified as beta-sitosterol (I), lupeol (II), rubiadin 1-methylether (III) and rubiadin (IV). The fifth, an orange needle crystal (C17H14O6, mp 236, 5-238 degrees C) is a new anthraquinone compound named rhynchotechol. Its structure has been proved to be 1,6-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone by spectral analyses and chemical methods.

Dimethyl-4, 4'-dimethoxy-5, 6, 5', 6'-dimethylenedioxy-biphenyl-2, 2'-dicarboxylate (biphenyldimethyldicarboxylate; BDD), a synthetic compound, has been used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis with good results in reducing s-GPT. Previous work in our laboratory studied its metabolites using 3H-labeled compound in combination with TLC and found that its main metabolic pathway is demethylation followed by conjugation with glucuronic acid. This paper reports the isolation and identification of a metabolite of BDD from rat urine using 2H-labeled compound and GC-MS. Rats fasted for 12 h were intragastrically given a mixture of 2H-labeled (consisting of monodeutero- and dideutero-BDD in the ratio about 1:1.3) and non-labeled BDD 150 mg/kg and placed in metabolism cages for urine collection. The 24 h urine was filtered and extracted three times each with 5 ml of methylenedichloride. The extracts were pooled and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 35 degrees C. The residue was redissolved in chloroform and subjected to GC-MS analysis. The mass spectrum (m/z: 404, 405, 406; 373, 374, 375; 345, 346, 347; 330, 331, 332; etc) indicates that the molecular ionic and fragment peaks of the metabolite all have 14 amu less than those of BDD. This means that the metabolite isolated is mono-O-demethylated BDD. The result confirmed our findings reported previously.

Five compounds were isolated from the seeds of Momordica charantia. This paper reports their structure determination by spectral (IR, UV, HNMR, CNMR, and MS) and chemical methods. The structures of I, II, III, IV and V were elucidated as vacine, mycose, 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-24 beta-ethyl-5 alpha-cholesta-7, trans-22E, 25 (27)-trien-3 beta-ol, momorcharaside A and momorcharaside B respectively. Mycose was the first time found in this plant and compound III was the first time found in the genus Momordica. IV and V were new compounds. IV exhibited obvious inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses in S 180 tumor cells in preliminary pharmacological studies.

This paper reported 96 cases with chronic hepatitis B treated by a double-blind method. There were 51 cases of observation group(OG) and 45 cases of control group (CG). OG was treated with Jiedu Yanggan Gao consisting of Artemisia capillaris, Taraxacum mongolicum, Plantago seed, Cephalanoplos segetum, Hedyotis diffusa, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Smilax glabra, Astragalus membranaceus, Salviae miltiorrhizae, Fructus Polygonii Orientalis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Polygonatum sibiricum, etc.). CG was prescribed with three charred medicinal herbs (charred Fructus Crataegi, charred Fructrus Hordei Germinatus, charred fermented mixture of several medical herbs and wheat bran). The average duration of treatment was five months. All 96 cases belong to the virus-duplication-type with positive HBsAg for over one year. Among them 65.5% of cases HBeAg, DNAP and HBV-DNA were positive. 20.8% of cases were positive in two out of the above tests. 13 data were compared statistically between two groups, and proved to be comparable (P greater than 0.05) before treatment. 27.3% and 66.7% of cases' ALT, AST returned to normal respectively in OG after treatment. However, in CG they were 9.1% and 22.2% (P less than 0.05). TTT returned to normal in 52% cases of OG and 44% in CG (P greater than 0.05). 20% cases HBeAg shifted to negative in OG, but 6.7% in CG. Cases with negative DNAP in OG occupied 34.2%, but 10.8% in CG. 31.6% cases' HBV-DNA changed to negative in OG, while 17.6% in CG. After comprehensive judgement, the total effective rate was 74.5% in OG and 24.4% in CG respectively (P less than 0.001). Eight cases were basically cured in OG and one case in CG. After one year's follow-up, one recurred in eight patients of OG, however the only one cured in CG still relapsed.

Paeonia lactiflora with the action of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis had been shown to be able to inhibit thrombosis and platelet aggregation, increase fibrinolytic activity and promote thrombolysis. This paper described the influence of the extract of Paeonia lactiflora in vitro experiments on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), antithrombin effect, activity of plasminogen and urokinase. The experimental results showed that: (1) The extract of Paeonia lactiflora prolonged the time of PT and PTT. (2) The extract of drug was able significantly to inhibit the thrombin. (3) In study of fibrinolysis by fibrin standard plate experiments, the drug possessed activative effect on the plasminogen. (4) The activity of urokinase was reduced, while the extract of Paeonia lactiflora existed. The inhibitory effect on thrombin and effective effect on plasminogen of the drug might be an important mechanism of its action of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Twelve compounds were isolated from the leaves and stems of Isodon parvifolia. This paper deals with the isolation and identification of two diterpenes epinodosinol (I), lasiodonin (II) and two triterpenes alpha-amyrin (XI a) and beta-amyrin (XI b).

The B(a)P [Benzo(a)pyrene] contents of 20 Chinese herbal drugs before and after charring were determined for the first time. The result shows that after charring the contents of 6 drugs tend to increase, accounting for only 30% of the total, while those of 14 drugs tend to decrease, making up 70%. This suggests that charred drugs are not carcinogenic if used properly. In the paper a discussion is also made of the factors and technological processes affecting the variation of B(a)P contents.

This paper has shown that the pathologic damages done to rat's viscera due to hypoxic environment of altitude can be reduced significantly by oral administrations of Shengmaiyin, Danshen-Chuanxiong mixture and Rhodiola kirilowii. Shengmaiyin that maintains interior substances in the plate layer bodies proves more effective than Danshen-Chuanxiong mixture, while the latter excels in preventing capillary contraction, thus improving blood circulation. Rhodiola kirilowii has the effects of both Shengmaiyin and Danshen-Chuanxiong mixtures.