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This paper examines mining management in Chenzhou and Guiyang prefectures in eastern Hunan, discussing the conflicts between government officials and merchants as well as provincial and prefectural officials over the rights to manage mines. The essay argues that the government's conception of trade was heavily influenced by ideas of "rent seeking" and it was this objective, rather than the development of the mines, which drove changes in government policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that Dasheng Group founded by Zhang Jian and Rongshi Group founded by Rongshi brothers were the two earliest, largest and most important private enterprises in modern China. Both the groups began in the late of the nineteenth century, located in the south of Jiangsu Province. Originally Dasheng Group was much stronger than Rongshi Group. However, with decades of frustrations and tortuousness, Dasheng Group has come down the world, yet Rongshi Group has increasingly become prosperous. This paper reveals the causes of their prosperity and decay by making a profound contrast of the two groups from their respective development strategies, marketing tactics, managing systems, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile fiber is the basic raw material of textiles processing. China is the world factory of textiles. There is a considerable quantity of fibers depending on import. It is pre-condition for manufacturing and trading how to accurately classify these fibers according to HS codes before passing Customs. The, author of this paper tried to summarize and analyse how to make sure the classification for fibers according to HS codes and tax items based on "Harmonized System". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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