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The design of "sham acupuncture" is necessary in clinical trials of acupuncture for confirming its effectiveness in the treatment of different disorders. The authors of the present paper made a comprehensive analysis on "sham acupuncture"or "placebo acupuncture" in clinical trials of acupuncture therapy in western countries from 1) the definition and background of sham acupuncture, 2) current state of acupuncture clinical trials with sham acupuncture design in different countries, 3) current situations of acupuncture clinical trials with sham acupuncture design in Germany, and 4) current state of large sample, randomized controlled clinical trials of acupuncture therapy with sham acupuncture design in other western countries. The authors of the present paper also make an analysis on the developing trends of acupuncture clinical trials with sham acupuncture design and put forward some problems existing in current acupuncture researches.

Victoria of Australia is the first state that legislated for TCM independently in western countries. The state as well as Australia have remarkable achievements in regular management of TCM and acupuncture practices, education and scientific researches in TCM, professional association, etc. after Chinese Medicine Registration Act 2000. The author of this paper introduces the characteristics in such aspects as TCM legislations, management of practical registration, professional education, professional association and medical insurance, etc. in Australia through the personal experiences as a Chinese acupuncturist practiced in Australia, and puts forward some impressions and suggestions.