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Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to ensure the reasonable and stable price of beef and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the beef market, based on the monthly data of Chinese livestock industry from December 2011 to December 2022, the paper selects corn price, producer expectation, calf price, and national policy to build a VAR model from the perspective of internal transmission and external impact, and empirically tests the influencing factors and degree of beef price fluctuation in China. The results show that corn prices, producer expectations, calf prices, and national policies can affect beef prices. Among them, the corn price has a significant impact on the fluctuation of beef price through the internal transmission mechanism, and the stable contribution rate is about 8%. National policy has a significant impact on the fluctuation of beef prices in China through the external impact mechanism,with a contribution rate of 15%. The price of beef in the early stage significantly affects the market price of beef in the later stage. Therefore, some suggestions were put forward to reduce the feed cost of the beef cattle industry, strengthen the financial support of the beef cattle industry, and improve the market supervision system of beef price fluctuation, in order to provide a reference for stabilizing the beef price and promoting the sustainable development of the livestock industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Angle Health Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Impervious surface is a key factor to measure the urban ecological environment. It is of great significance for urban development planning to grasp the dynamic changes of impervious surfaces timely and accurately. Taking the Chenggong District of Kunming City as an example' based on the Landsat images in 2007' 2011' 2015' and 2019' the comparative study of normalized difference impervious surface index ( NDISI) and modified soil adjusted vegetation index ( MSAVI) was carried out to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of impervious surface. The results showed that: !As the extraction accuracy and Kappa coefficient of NDISI were 87. 01% and 0. 81' respectively' which were beUer than MSAVI's 81. 78% and 0. 75 ' this paper selected the NDISI method to extract impervious surfaces in the Chenggong District the impervious surface area extracted in this paper increased from 46. 12 km2 in 2007 to 72. 64 km2 in 2011' 146. 94 km2 in 2015 and 164. 42 km2 in 2019' especially from 2011 to 2015' the impervious surface area had the fastest growth rate and nearly doubled. The changes to the impervious surface in Chenggong District are mainly influenced by such factors as national policies' urban planning' topographic factors' and traffic development. The impervious surface area along the Dianchi Lake in the west of Chenggong District and several administrative regions in the middle of Chenggong District developed rapidly' which brings certain preesure on the prevention and control of waterlogging in urban areas and the Dianchi Lake area. In the process of future urban planning' the expansion scope and speed of impervious surfaces should be wen controlled to avoid ecological and environmental problems caused by the unreasonable spatial patterns of impervious sur&aces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Educational Research is the property of National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Research in Education Sciences is the property of National Taiwan Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soochow Journal of Political Science is the property of Soochow Journal of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper modeled the policy system by mining policy lineage, it formalized a huge number of policies into policy lineage networks. On this basis, it constructed a PCL model, and determined the capacity definition of nodes in the model by machine learning to realize brittle points mining in policy network. By mining the related concepts among policies, this paper formalized the policy system into a policy pedigree tree model, and then tree-shadow attraction occured between the nodes of the policy pedigree tree. Finally, it formed a policy lineage network based on policy lineage relationship. It constructed the PCR L model by evolution mechanism of policy lineage network. It trained the capacity parameters and mined the evolution mechanism. The experimental results show the method is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With China's entry into the era of industry and information, an increasing number of industrial enterprises have withdrawn from the historical stage owing to technical bottlenecks, environmental pollution, and lack of resources. The Party and Government attach great importance to the protection, utilization, and research of industrial heritage. This study takes 164 national industrial heritage groups since 2020 published by the Ministry of Industry and Information as the research object. This paper discusses the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of national industrial heritage and analyzes its influencing factors using the spatial analysis methods of nuclear density and concentration trend evolution of the geographic information system platform. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) The spatial distribution of national industrial heritage shows remarkable positive spatial autocorrelation, and this correlation increases over time; There are more industrial heritages in the southeast and less in the northwest, and the spatial pattern of "three cores, two pairs, sheet distribution" is formed. 2) From the perspective of heritage types, light industry is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and coastal areas, while heavy industry is more dispersed. 3) The distribution of industrial heritage in the province is unbalanced, with three types of areas. Type I is in the northeast and first-tier areas, such as the southeast coastal areas in China. Type II is in third-class areas like northwest China, while the others are type III. 4) From the perspective of time evolution, the spatial distribution center of industrial heritage has four obvious turns. Before the founding of New China, the span of the Heritage Center in different periods was small, and the span became larger after that. 5) Most industries in ancient China were influenced by natural geography and the socioeconomic environment. Although the industries in modern China were influenced by the above factors, they were more influenced by historical and political factors such as nationalism, the Westernization Movement, and major national strategies. National industrial heritage is concentrated in the southeast coastal and middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River plain areas with good natural environment, high population density, high economic level and smooth information flow, while the number of distributions in Guangdong and northwestern areas is less, and areas such as Guangxi and Ningxia are even blank. On the one hand, due to the backward industrial development of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, and other provinces in the western region, only a few meet the requirements for the selection of national industrial heritage. On the other hand, "Renewal" has become the theme of the development and planning of times in the process of rapid urbanization in Guangdong Province, one of the birthplaces of modern industry in southern China. A large number of industrial heritage sites have been abandoned and demolished, and the protection and development of these sites are far backward. Therefore, each province should fully understand the importance of protecting and selecting national industrial heritage and take this as an opportunity to accelerate this process within their respective jurisdictions. Each province ought to reasonably link development and protection to better promote the organic renewal and activation of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Investigation & Surveying is the property of Railway Investigation & Surveying Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wuhan University Journal (Philosophy & Social Sciences) / Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) is the property of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the problem of raw material procurement under the price uncertainty. The scenario that the price of some kinds of materials vary with time unexpectedly and the materials have the stable consumption of demand at the same time is encountered constantly in practical material procurement. Meanwhile, in order to minimizing the cost of procurement, we need to make the decisions of when we should procure and how much materials we should buy with how much price we should pay under the condition of meeting demand. A general hypothesis in the most previous studies is that the price of procurement follows a certain distribution. However, price mostly cannot be clearly described in practical situations. Considering the material online procurement problem from online theory in this paper, a competitive strategy is proposed and we prove the ratio is better than the existed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The government recently promotes education subsidy policy in order to achieve the policy goals that enhance the educational equity, improve the quality of education, and reduce the burden of parenting on families. While the central government sets policy, the local government adjusts the policies based on the features of the local. The implementations of the policies result in policy-oriented learning and subsidy program changes. This study used Sabatier's perspective of synthetic approach to explore early childhood education subsidy policy in terms of policy sub-system, problems that occurred during the implementations, policy learning, and the direction of subsidy programs changes again in the future among 14 preschool educators and educational administrators. The research reaches the following major findings. The beliefs of the education subsidy policy are consistent with the philosophy of preschool educators; hence such consistence is conducive to promote the implementation of subsidy policy. The policy network structure of the central government, local governments, and preschools are collaborated one another in the process of implementing the subsidy. The complexity of the subsidy operation resulted into different levels of problems. In order to solve the problems, policy learning was enacted and therefore it affected policy change. Moreover, the changing of the education subsidy policy only modifies the way to achieve the goal, but not the core beliefs of the subsidy policy. The directions for policy changes include setting policy goals on educational purposes, enactment of social justice, calling for education quality, and provision of subsidies in addition to financial ones. Finally, suggestions are provided for policy planners, particularly collecting information on policy enacting, making policy changes through policy learning. The education administration authorities should act as policy brokers to communicate with different units and protect the rights and interests of relevant personnel. Policy planners should analyze the social environment and provide strong evidence to strengthen policies and goals. The suitability for the economically disadvantaged grants should be reexamined for its appropriateness and income tax laws should be modified in order to implement the core beliefs of the subsidy policy on preschoolers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Third Plenary Session of 18th CCP Central Committee restarts the reform agenda, which indicates that China enters the era of comprehensively deepening reform. It is the market that will dominate the resource allocation in China. As the third sector, business associations play a significant role of market-supporting and market-complementing. Therefore, rebuilding the regulation system of business associations will be the key issue of comprehensively deepening reform in China. The business associations' regulation system has been featured in the dual management for a long time in China. During the era of the dual management system, the regulation system of business associations mainly focuses on ex-ante regulation, however process regulation and post-regulation has been ignored. The government sets a high standard for business associations' registration with dual check from both the Civil Affairs Department and affiliated departments. The development of business associations meets opportunities with the dissolution of dual management system, while facing unprecedented challenges as well. Based on the experience of business associations' regulation abroad and the advancement of comprehensively deepening reform in China, the regulation system of business associations should be rebuilt. This paper develops a concept of 'rule-based regulation," which means both business associations and regulatory body should behave under the framework of laws and regulations. The core dimensions of rule-based regulation include laws and regulations which are the premise of 'rule-based regulation," regulatory body consisting of the government and other individuals/ organizations, regulatory process focusing more on the process regulation and post-regulation, and regulatory content. "Rule-based regulation" overcomes the disadvantages of the dual management, such as administration intervention and monitoring control. Compared with the dual management, rule-based regulation has more diverse regulatory bodies, and pays more attention on the regulatory process. It emphasizes that both business associations and regulatory body should comply with laws and regulations. This can only be achieved when business associations could develop better in the unified, open, competitive and orderly market system. As an innovative concept, "rule-based regulation" makes a great contribution to the research of rebuilding the regulation system for business associations in China. This paper concludes by discussing the practice of "rule-based regulation," including how to improve laws and regulations, how to reinforce the regulation of tax preference and profit-seeking behavior for business associations, and how to coordinate regulatory behavior of different government sectors and other regulatory body. This analysis indicates the practice of rule-based regulation needs other conditions to support. For example, the capacity of business associations is especially significant for "rule-based regulation. " Future work is needed in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the policy working environment becomes increasingly complex, uncertain and random, it is urgent to research into the synergy problems of energy conservation and emission reduction policies in China. This paper sorts out the major aspects of the current researches on energy conservation and emission reduction policies and policy synergy based on the overview of the existing policies of energy conservation and emission reduction. In view of the analysis, it can be found that as to the researches on energy conservation and emission reduction policy, at present researches mainly concentrate on the aspects of analyzing the deficiencies and working difficulties, evaluating the result, analyzing the potential and cost in different policy circumstances, looking for the optimal way, analyzing the policy welfare, discussing the international comparison and using for reference, and so on, but pay less attention to the synergy problems of energy conservation and emission reduction policies; the researches of policy synergy mostly focus on the aspects of discussing the synergetic situation, necessity, performance and implementation mechanism, etc. By drawing on existing research results, this paper further discusses the follow-up research directions of policy synergy on energy conservation and emission reduction polices from the perspectives of assessing the current synergetic situation and performance, discussing the enlightenment and reference from the foreign countries synergy mode, exploring the optimal synergy way, analyzing the international synergy models and best degree of synergy, exploring the approaches to avoid the failure and negative effects of the synergy, analyzing the synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction polices with other polices, building the synergetic mechanism, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is currently facing normalized and complex nontraditional security issues, greatly challenging the basic social order, people's lives, property and living environment. As a consequence, "security governance," which asserts public protection, mutual protection, other's protection and self protection, is now showing a strong tendency to replace the traditional "security management" and "security control" and is therefore on the rise as an alternative "paradigm" to nontraditional security capacity building. With the purpose of enhancing the capacity of security governance, the developed countries have gradually built up the modern civil protection system, comprehensively encompassing the defense of air bomb, war, nuclear threats, disaster, terrorist attack, and social disorder. Since the opening up policy was launched, China has been searching for its own pathways to a modern civil protection system. Nevertheless, the Chinese civil protection system remains insufficient in terms of idea, law, institution, and international cooperation. In view of this, the present paper, with the fundamental goal of human security, proposes the design of a Chinese modern civil protection system which includes "civil protection in war," "civil protection in disaster," and "civil protection in daily life. " To fully realize the goals of China's modern civil protection, this paper further puts forward the following suggestions. Firstly, the formulation of civil protection laws is necessary to provide standards and legal basis for the protection of human security. Secondly, an actionable civil-military commanding organization and state-civilian interactive response system are needed to make full use of the resources of military and societal actors. Thirdly, special military forces should be built up in response to war and major nontraditional security issues. Semi-military forces should be set up for regular nontraditional security management. In addition, an institutionalized cooperation system between the two types of forces is a must. Fourthly, the trust in and capacity reserve for the novel security concept, creative involvement and inclusive development should be enhanced for Chinese international cooperation to ensure the security of overseas Chinese and other peoples in the world. This paper is based on the fact that China is facing the interrelated challenge of traditional and nontraditional security issues and that China is responding to the urgent pressure of promoting the capacity of security governance. In a word, by comparing the civil protection system of China and those of developed countries, the paper tries to find out the insufficiencies of China's civil protection, and to put forward new ideas of top design and application framework for improving the capacity of China's security governance in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exists the double moral hazard problem between thft start-up and venture capital. Considering the spillover effect, this paper uses the framework of convertible preferred stork to study the influence of grnrnmnumt subsidy on rnicro-motiva.tion of both parlies, and further compares social welfare among different support policies from the industrial prospective. Our study found that both ex post subsidy and public service policy can achieve effective motivation a.nd make both venture capital and start-up take socially optimal efforts. Govern merit's investment guarantee policy may lead U> welfare improvement under some circumstances, bill generally LI. can no! solve Lhe problem of insufficient incentive and even causes misaligned motivation for both parlies, From the perspective of the whole industry, public service policy is superior to ex post subsidy in social improvement because of its lower cost, and there still is high uncertainty for government's investment guarantee policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soochow Journal of Political Science is the property of Soochow Journal of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper, by applying TANG Model, makes an empirical analysis of the growth of Xian international tourism in the past fifty years. The analysis points out that the first cycle was from the founding of New China to the stage before opening-up, with very small scale and greatly affected by the government policies, tourism resources and product innovation as well as large scale of emergency events. The second and third cycles since 1978 are discussed from two indicator systems of tourist flows and tourism revenue. Through simulation equations, growth curves and relevant eigenvalues, we achieve the horizontal and crosswise comparions of different cycles and different indicators. Meanwhile, in the process of the comparison of statistical value, the abnormal fluctuation can be clearly reflected and the cause of fluctuation can be judged, which is helpul to our clear recognition of the development of tourist areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The "Primary school curriculum leadership" scheme was first introduced to Hong Kong primary schools by the Education Bureau in year 2002/03. An additional teaching post which was known as Primary Schoolmaster/Schoolmistress (Curriculum Development) - or PSM(CD), had been created to help the school head to lead internal curriculum development in primary school. This scheme was considered to be a pioneering initiative in Hong Kong as well as the Chinese culture societies. Aims: The paper reviews the curriculum leadership development in Hong Kong primary schools by examining the impacts of the work of PSM(CD) on internal curriculum development and school development in the context of curriculum reform, the challenges and difficulties faced by the PSM(CD)s in discharging their responsibilities, their successful experiences, and provides implications for future development. Comments: PSM(CD)s claimed that to carry out their responsibilities, they needed to perform different roles such as coworker, mentor, innovator, role model, and leader. Furthermore, the most important factors that would hinder their work were school organizational factors, supports of school heads and colleagues, readiness of the school as a whole for change, and personal limitations. Conclusion: This paper argues while some achievements had been made since the introduction of the PSM(CD) scheme, it is also worth our attention to note that this scheme promoted teacher leadership development at the school sites, which eventually contributed positive impacts on whole school development. On the other hand, it is noted that PSM(CD)s would encounter many difficulties and challenges in discharging their duties. There is urgent need to find out solutions to help the newly appointed PSM(CD)s to develop their competences and become a "successful" curriculum leader. This paper also concludes the successful criteria of the work of PSDM(CD) which should be a useful reference for the PSM(CD)s as well as the school heads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The "Thirteenth Five-year Plan for Geothermal Energy Development and Utilization" sets forth the guidelines and targets for the development and utilization of geothermal energy, and that becomes the basis of Chinese geothermal energy development and utilization during the "13th Five-Year" period. Due to the impacts of geological conditions, the use of geothermal energy is limited. Light and heat are abundant in the desert, however, because of its harsh conditions, shallow geothermal energy has not been effectively utilized. At present, China has actively explored the development of modern and sci-tech agriculture in the desert region. The application of shallow geothermal energy provides a better opportunity for the development of desert agriculture, especially the greenhouse. Ground source heat pump technology as an important way to apply shallow geothermal energy in China has been widely used. Geothermal conductivity has a great influence on the determination of the number and depth of boreholes, thus it affects the initial investment of the system. At the same time, inaccuracy of geothermal thermal and physical parameters lead to mismatches between the designed system and the actual load, so that they cannot give full play to their energy-saving advantages. Therefore, determining the geothermal thermal properties of accurately is the basis for the design of ground source heat pump system. In this paper, a desert source heat pump project in Ningxia desert area was used to carry out geothermal thermal response test. There were large sandstorms and no stable water source in the test area. The testing process in this project was designed according to the unique geomorphology and climatic conditions of the desert area. The heat transfer coefficient of ground heat exchanger in this desert area was tested by analyzing the average geothermal coefficient. The testing data were as follow: The soil temperature was 16.52 ℃; The average thermal conductivity of the soil was 1.12 W/(m·℃) by using the theory of linear heat source. In the cooling mode, the ground heat transfer was 40.94 W/m; and the heat transfer of the ground heat exchanger in the heating mode was 25.28 W/m. By comparing with the data of the related tests in the eastern part of China and combining with the operation scheme of the climatic conditions analysis system in the desert area, the operation scheme considers adding heat source in winter to assist heating, and a hybrid energy storage desert source heat pump system suitable for summer operation in the desert area was proposed, which could provide a solution for the limited use of shallow geothermal energy in desert areas. The results can provide a reference for the thermal response experiment in the desert area and the application of desert source heat pump system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chung Cheng Educational Studies is the property of Chung Cheng University, College of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)