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Background and objective Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, of which non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have now become one of the main treatments for advanced NSCLC. This paper retrospectively investigated the effect of peripheral blood inflammatory indexes on the efficacy of immunotherapy and survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, in order to find strategies to guide immunotherapy in NSCLC. Methods Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were hospitalized in The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2018 to August 2019 were selected to receive anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab, sintilimab or toripalimab) monotherapy or combination regimens. And were followed up until 10 December 2020, and the efficacy was evaluated according to RECIST1.1 criteria. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were followed up for survival analysis. A clinical prediction model was constructed to analyze the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) based on NLR data at three different time points: before treatment, 6 weeks after treatment and 12 weeks after treatment (0w, 6w and 12w), and the accuracy of the model was verified. Results 173 patients were finally included, all of whom received the above treat-ment regimen, were followed up for a median of 19.7 months. The objective response rate (ORR) was 27.7% (48/173), the disease control rate (DCR) was 89.6% (155/173), the median PFS was 8.3 months (7.491-9.109) and the median OS was 15.5 months (14.087-16.913). The chi-square test and logistic multi-factor analysis showed that NLR6w was associated with ORR and NLR12w was associated with ORR and DCR. Further Cox regression analysis showed that NLR6w and NLR12w affected PFS and NLR0w, NLR6w and NLR12w were associated with OS. Conclusion In patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, NLR values at different time points are valid predictors of response to immunotherapy, and NLR <3 is often associated with a good prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Taking antibiotics in strict adherence to physician prescriptions is crucial for maintaining the stability of the drug concentration in the blood and for achieving the best therapeutic effects. The increasing antimicrobial resistance in recent decades has led the Ministry of Health and Welfare to promote the rational use of antibiotics and the use of a computer monitoring system to control the use of antibiotics in hospitals. Although non-adherence is considered as the major factor contributing to antimicrobial resistance, patient non-adherence to antibiotic prescriptions is an issue that has been largely overlooked. This paper explores this issue due to the serious threat from antimicrobial resistance and the few studies that have investigated patient adherence to antibiotic treatments for acute infections in Taiwan. Purpose: The aims of the study include: (1) describe patient's adherence to antibiotic therapy for acute infections and (2) explore the potential factors of influence on antibiotic adherence such as demographics, disease characteristics, and knowledge of antibiotic treatment. Methods: The study used a descriptive correlational design. A convenience sample of 162 patients with acute infections was recruited from outpatient infectious disease clinics in Taoyuan City. Data were collected using the study questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression. Results: The study results showed that only 40.1% of patients followed their prescription to take antibiotics completely. The remainder earned lower scores than their prescription-adhering counterparts for knowledge regarding the effects of antibiotics (U = 2654.5, p = .046). Results of logistic regression showed that knowledge regarding the effects of antibiotics was the most significant predictor (B = .481, p = .046) of adherence to antibiotic therapies. Conclusion: Non-adherence to prescriptions is prevalent in short-term antibiotic treatments prescribed for acute infections. This finding reminds healthcare providers to provide proper education to the recipients of antibiotic treatments, even those treated for a very short duration for acute infections in outpatient settings. Special attention should be pay to enhancing the understanding and appreciation of patients for the therapeutic effects of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective (The present paper aimed to understand the distribution and infection of NycopZ+ma in yaks of Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China. % Method】 In this study, 959 yak serum samples (56 from Sichuan, 243 fromGansu, 436 fromTibet and 224 from Qing- hai) were collected fromQinghai-Tibet plateau and tested for rerumantibodies by ELISA. % Result】 The results showed that the positive rate of Mycoplasma bovis antil)〇dy in yak her(ds on Qinghai-Til)et plateau was 48.70 %. If the distribution of the antibody in Sichuan, Gansu, Tibet and Qinghai provinces was observed, the positive rate was 64. 29 53. 09 46.10 % and 45 . 09 %. I the infection age was con¬ sidered , the positive rate was 55.70 % for tliose under one year ol(d, 46.20 % for tliose aged 1 - 2, 45.23 % for tliose aged 3-6 years and 49. 70 % for those over six years old. The positive rate of male and female was 45. 71 % and 50. 24 % respectively. Chi-square test with SPSS21 . 0 software showed that there was no significant difference in the positive rate of serumantibodies between Sichuan and Gansu ( P> 0. 05), but significant difference between Sichuan and Qinghai and Tibet ( P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference among Gan¬su, Tibet and Qinghai ( P> 0. 05) ； there was no significant difference in the age of infection among the four provinces (regions . 05) ； the females of Sichuan，Gansu and Qinghai were higher than males. But there was no significant difference between Sichuan and Qinghai ( P > 0. 05 )， only Gansu ( P < 0. 05 )， while Tiljetan males were higher than females， but the difer- ence was not significant ( P > 0. 05 ).[Conclusion 】It shows that Mycplsma bo— is widespread and prevalent in Yak herds on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China，especially in Sichuan， Tibet and Qinghai provinces showing an obvious upward trend year by year [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The application of palliative care is limited and challenging in intensive care units (ICUs) because of complex factors such as time constraints and unpredictable disease progression. Although research results and international consensus stress the early use of palliative care, utilization remains low, resulting in increased risks of ineffective medical care and poor quality of death. Improving this situation requires a comprehensive understanding of the palliative condition in ICUs. Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the utilization of hospice resources in adult ICUs and to compare this utilization between users and non-users. Methods: This retrospective correlation study recruited cases from the adult ICU database of a medical center in northern Taiwan between June and July 2022. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and chi-square were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 1,181 records were analyzed, including 458 (38.8%) females and 723 (61.2%) males. Two hundred and seventeen cases (18.4%) used hospice resources. Although 124 (10.4%) of the 1181 cases were identified as "in urgent need of hospice resources" (i.e., died within 30 days of ICU admission), 25 (20.2%) did not use these resources. Significant differences between the urgent-need cases who did and did not use hospice resources were found in terms of age, disease type, degree of frailty, cardiac arrest, infection, state of consciousness, intubation and tracheostomy status, inotropic and vasopressor medication, renal replacement, ECMO placement, delirium, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores. Conclusions/ Implications for Practice: The roughly 20% of ICU patients in urgent needs of palliative care who did not utilize palliative care resources highlight the needs for continued discussion to better assist patients on palliative care decision-making. The findings show multifaceted differences between those who did and did not access palliative care. Future studies should design and test strategies to facilitate the identification of palliative care needs and ensure the effective allocation of palliative care resources in ICUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Although the early behavioral symptoms of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are prominent, early diagnosis for bvFTD is difficult due to confusion with other mental disorders, and lack of sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic criteria, etc. In this paper, we summarized the important reviews in recent years and analyzed the clinical characteristics of bvFTD patients to improve the detection of early symptoms in bvFTD. Methods Twenty-three possible or probable bvFTD patients were diagnosed according to International Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Criteria Consortium (FTDC). Self-designed questionnaires designed by Shanghai Mental Health Center were used to collect sociodemographic data and general information of patients. Their clinical characteristics were summarized, including abnormal behaviors, cognitive impairment, psychotic symptoms and other symptoms. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) were used to make neuropsychological tests and compare with similar overseas studies (control group, N = 66). Results Eleven male patients and 12 female patients were included in our study. Compared with control group, the average age of onset [(50.83 ± 11.55) years vs. (57.00 ± 10.00) years; t = 3.863, P = 0.000] and average age of diagnosis [(53.22 ± 11.55) years vs. (61.00 ± 9.00) years; t = 13.423, P = 0.000] of bvFTD patients were smaller. The study showed that bvFTD patients had more apathy or indolence [95.65% (22/23) vs. 65.15% (43/66); χ²=8.057, P = 0.005], loss of sympathy or empathy [95.65% (22/23) vs. 33.33% (22/66); χ²=26.499, P = 0.000], while patients in control group showed more derepression behavior [98.48% (65/66) vs. 52.17% (12/23); χ=27.514, P = 0.000] and continuous, stiff, obsessive and/or ritualized behavior [95.45% (63/66) vs. 30.43% (7/23); adjusted χ²=39.159, P = 0.000]. For cognitive impairment, bvFTD patients presented apraxia [69.56% (16/23) vs. 22.73% (15/66); χ²= 16.484, P = 0.000] and executive dysfunction [82.61% (19/23) vs. 59.09% (39/66); χ²=4.156, P = 0.041]. In psychotic symptoms, patients in control group showed hallucination and delusion [33.33% (22/66) vs. 4.35% (1/23); χ²=7.477, P = 0.006]. Conclusions While the behavioral symptoms of bvFTD patients are varied, memory disorder can be one of the primal symptoms. Compared with similar foreign studies, the different composition of behavior symptoms of our bvFTD patients may be caused by cultural differences among evaluators in the understanding of some clinical symptoms in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to compare the effect on early prognosis of post-traumatic early enteral nutrition therapy and central venous catheterization parenteral nutrition therapy in patients with severetraumatic brain injury (sTBI). The results showed that on 7 and 14 d, serum total protein [(62.04 ± 2.09) and 66.04 ± 2.27) g/L], albumin [(37.75 ± 2.86) and (43.43 ± 2.37) g/L] and prealbumin [(177.87 ± 13.89) and (199.43 ± 11.01) mg/L] in patients treated with early enteral nutrition were all higher than patients treated with parenteral nutrition (P = 0.000, for all). On 7 d the stomach bleeding rate of patients treated with enteral nutrition (14.29%, 4/28) was lower than patients treated with parenteral nutrition (39.29%, 11/28), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.462, P = 0.035). On 14 d, no one case of stomach bleeding occurred in patients with enteral therapy, while 4 cases of stomach bleeding (14.29%) occurred in patients with parenteral therapy, and the difference was not significant ( χ 2 =2.423, P = 0.120). The difference of lung infection rate between different treated patients was not statistically significant ( χ 2 =0.287, P = 0.592). Early enteral nutrition therapy for severe traumatic brain injury patients can provide adequate nutritional support and reduce the incidence of stomach bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to find out the human factors leading to coal mine general accidents, the paper counts the coal mine accidents occurred in 2019. Based on the investigation reports, HFACS is used to carry out the statistics and analysis of 43 coal mine general accidents. Then the relationships between different human factors, which are involved in the HFACS-PEFE framework, are identified by conducting chi-square test and odds ratio analysis. Four routes of coal mine general accidents are obtained. Among them, the route comprised of organizational process loopholes → invalid correction → individual mental state → habitual violation is the easiest way to lead to general accidents in coal mines. Finally, according to the analysis results, the measures to prevent coal mine general accidents are proposed.

In order to shorten the time of fault detection of integrated navigation system and improve it's accuracy, this paper researched unscented Kalman filter(UKF) based on the theory of residual chi-square test, and presented improved UKF based on the hybrid filter. It divided the time update into two stages, to use the linear equation of state to get the one step prediction and generated the Sigma points according to the value, the one step prediction of measured value could be calculated by summing the weights of Sigma points, so it reduced the calculation. It did the fault detection using the improved algorithm and standard UKF in the GPS/INS integrated navigation models which contained faults. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm can detect the fault more quickly and improve the stability of the navigation system. The improved UKF plays an important role in the engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke patients recently discharged from the hospital often face difficulties performing activities of daily living (ADLs). Providing effective transitional care may help patients manage their physical and psychological changes and accelerate recovery. Purpose: This paper examines the effect of "transitional care" on daily activity skills, care outcomes, and fall incidence. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. Thirty-six patients in the experimental group received "transitional care" and 34 patients in the control group received standard discharge education. Outcome measures included the Barthel Index, the Care Outcome Scale, and the fall incidence rate one month after hospital discharge. Chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The post-test showed the Barthel Index score increment was greater in the experimental than the control group (38.75 vs 32.80). However, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The experimental group earned a significantly higher total score on the Care Outcome Scale than the control group (32.56 vs. 31.26; t = -3.00, p < .01) and had a significantly lower fall incidence rate than the control group (0.896‰ vs. 4.744‰; Z = 1.711, p < .05). Conclusion: This study found that providing transitional care improved daily living skills and function in stroke patients, but that the level of improvement did not reach statistical significance. The effects of transitional care on patient care outcomes and the rate of fall incidence, however, were significant. Study results can be used to improve stroke patient home care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]