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Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on the level of oxidative stress as well as intestinal flora in rats with sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI), providing theoretical support for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-induced ALI. Methods Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group (Sham group), cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis group (CLP group), and sepsis+UTI intervention group (CLP+UTI group, intraperitoneal injection of 100 kU/kg UTI instantly after CLP), with 6 rats in each group. Lung tissues were obtained from rats executed 24 hours after modeling, and pathological changes were observed under the light microscope. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was measured by western blotting. The mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The changes of intestinal flora in rats were detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Compared with the Sham group, histopathologic analysis observed that the lungs of the CLP group exhibited alveolar effusion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and structural disorganization; the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly elevated in lung tissue, SOD activity decreased, the content of MDA increased; the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissue were decreased. Compared with the CLP group, the lung tissue damage in the CLP+UTI group was significantly relieved, the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased in lung tissue (P＜0.05), SOD activity increased ［SOD (U/mg prot): 11.83±0.99 vs 6.74±0.43, P＜0.05］, the content of MDA decreased ［MDA (nmol/mg prot): 0.16±0.04 vs 0.38±0.03, P＜0.05］; the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissue were increased (P＜0.05). Conclusion UTI has a significant protective effect against sepsis-induced ALI, possibly by modulating the intestinal flora which in turn ameliorates inflammatory injury and reduces oxidative stress injury.

Pediatric intracranial germ cell tumors (GCT) are clinically rare but highly heterogeneous tumors, primarily occurring in children and adolescents. The treatment method depends on the tumor type. Pure germinoma can be cured with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while mature teratomas can be cured with surgical resection. Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) require comprehensive treatment. Current domestic and international guidelines or expert consensus recommend initial chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection for those not achieving complete remission. However, clinical practice has found that surgery risks increase after chemotherapy, leading some experts to advocate for direct surgery. Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University proposed a clinical diagnosis and treatment strategy for pediatric intracranial NGGCT (2023 Tiantan version), recommending joint evaluation by neurosurgeons and oncologists for individualized treatment to provide better treatment plans for children.

Replacing the hydraulic oil in hydraulic motors with the natural water will lead to an increase in the leakage of the wheel train and a decrease in the volumetric efficiency of motors. In order to improve the volumetric efficiency of the non-circular planetary gear hydraulic motors, the influence of axial clearance between the wheel train and the distribution plate on the volumetric efficiency of the motor is quantitatively analyzed. Firstly, according to the principle of the gap leakage in the rotating plane and the friction force in the fluid, the leakage and power loss formula between the wheels were derived, so as to calculate the optimal solution of the axial clearance of the motor under 30 MPa pressure difference. Secondly, on the basis of considering the manufacturing error, based on the dynamic grid and user-defined function (UDF) programming technology, the leakage amount and volumetric efficiency of the motor under different axial clearances were detected and analyzed, and the theoretical volumetric efficiency of the motor under the same conditions was calculated. The two were compared to obtain the change trend and the minimum value of motor volumetric efficiency under different working conditions. The results show that from the calculation results of selecting the axial clearance value, when the flatness of the wheel is 0.01 mm, the volumetric efficiency of the motor is not less than 77.28% within the working pressure difference of 30 MPa. It provides a basis for the structural improvement of subsequent motors.

Taste is an important quality attribute of tea. In order to find out the taste quality of green teas made from the major varieties in Wanzhou district, Chongqing, the taste profile of the tea infusions was determined by sensory evaluation and 5 taste components including catechins, free amino acids, alkaloids, flavanols and their glycosides, and organic acids were analyzed by targeted detection methods. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the taste quality of green teas prepared from the 4 varieties of tea trees. Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety had a strong taste, and ‘Anji Baicha’ had an obvious fresh and brisk taste with mellow sweet aftertaste. ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ tasted strong with fresh and brisk taste and mellow sweet aftertaste. ‘Zhonghuang 1’ tasted fresh and brisk but less strong. The results of taste component analysis showed that the Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety contained high contents of catechins but low contents of free amino acids. ‘Anji Baicha’ had the highest content of free amino acids. The content of each flavor component was high in ‘Fuding Dabaicha’, and the contents of total flavor components and water extract of ‘Zhonghuang 1’ were low. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the 4 varieties could be well distinguished. Thirteen major taste contributors such as rutin and caffeine were identified. The differential analysis indicated that aspartic acid, glutamic acid and theanine were the major contributors to the fresh and brisk taste characteristics of ‘Anji Baicha’ and ‘Fuding Dabaicha’. Yangmeiin-3-O-galactoside and chrysin were the major taste contributors for ‘Zhonghuang 1’ that distinguished it from the other 3 varieties. There were also large differences in taste components within the Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety, with samples C4 and C5 being closer to each other. They both contained high contents of flavonoid glycosides, having a strong astringent taste. This study provides a reference for research to improve the flavor quality of green tea in Wanzhou district.

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to further study the leaf morphology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Actinidia arguta under greenhouse cultivation conditions, and to explore the differences of leaf photomorphogenesis between greenhouse and open field cultivation. [Methods] In this experiment, the 5-year-old plants of A . arguta varieties ‘Jialv’ and ‘Kuilv’ were used as test materials to determine the relative chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves at different leaf ages under greenhouse and open field cultivation conditions. The differences in photomorphogenesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics under greenhouse and open field cultivation conditions were analyzed. [Results] The photomorphogenesis of A . arguta cultivated in greenhouse and open field was between 1- 40 d leaf age, and the fluorescence characteristics of the same variety under different cultivation conditions tended to be consistent. After flowering, the fluorescence characteristics of the same variety under different cultivation conditions were quite different. The leaf area of A . arguta cultivated in greenhouse was larger and the content of chlorophyll b was higher, which was tending to shade leaf characteristics. The performance parameters such as PIabs were significantly lower than those of open field cultivation. The absorption and capture ability of light energy was stronger, but the heat dissipation was higher. The energy used for electron transfer was lower than that of open field cultivation, and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed adaptive changes to the environment. [Conclusion] The photomorphogenesis time of A . arguta leaves is 1-40 days after leaf expansion, that is, before flowering. The photomorphogenesis of A . arguta leaves in greenhouse cultivation is different from open field cultivation, and the photosynthetic capacity is decreased slightly with the increase of leaf area. Greenhouse cultivation changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of leaves to a certain extent and reduces photosynthetic performance.

Taking the down-slope with weak strata in the south of Fushun west open-pit mine as the reference prototype, numerical simulations of the down-slope with weak strata were conducted through FLAC3D software, which included the simulation of actual ground motion and ground motion input, the boundary conditions of slope model, rock mass parameters, and grid model division. The response rule of down-slope with weak strata under an earthquake was investigated by analyzing the acceleration and velocity of the monitoring points. The results revealed that: (1) The thickness of the weak layer is a critical factor affecting the response characteristics of the slope with a single weak layer under an earthquake, and it has a greater impact on the stability of the slope under earthquake load than the dip angle of a single weak layer. (2) Based on the horizontal velocity of monitoring point 2# at the intersection of the weak layer and the slope surface, it was concluded that the thickness has a significant influence on the velocity in the X direction. (3) The failure response law at the intersection of weak layers and slope changes with an increase in slope height when analyzing the response law of the double weak layer characteristic slope under an earthquake. The acceleration amplitude and velocity change degree of monitoring point 3# with double weak layers are more noticeable than that of monitoring point 2#. The response law of the down-slope under an earthquake is related to the dip angle, thickness, number, and location of weak layers. Therefore, the coupling effect of earthquake and weak layer characteristics on slope stability should be thoroughly considered in the process of slope treatment and protection.

Carbohydrates play a vital role in food science, medicine science, life science and other fields. Carbohydrates can be divided into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, among which monosaccharides and oligosaccharides are mostly soluble, which can not only serve as structural substances, but also have various biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography makes up for the deficiency of reversed-phase liquid chromatography in the separation of carbohydrates. This paper reviews the stationary phases including amino bonded stationary phase, amide bonded stationary phase, carbohydrate bonded stationary phase and zwitterionic bonded stationary phase used in hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the separation and analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides during 2017­–2022, and summarizes the effects of chromatographic separation conditions such as acetonitrile content, buffer salt concentration, mobile phase pH and column temperature on the hydrophilic separation efficiency so as to provide a reference for the separation and analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides.

Soybean soluble dietary fiber (SSDF) was extracted from soy sauce residue and soybean meal. The influence of SSDF on the physicochemical stability and digestive characteristics of soybean oil body (SOB) lotion was investigated by taking the absolute value of Zeta potential, average particle size, peroxide value (POV value), thiobarbituric acid value (TBARS value) and fatty acid release rate (FFA) as characteristic parameters. The results showed that certain concentration of SSDF could effectively reduce the Zeta potential, average particle size, POV value, TBARS value of SOB lotion system, and significantly improve the physical and chemical stability of SOB lotion. In addition, in vitro simulated digestion experiments further showed that the introduction of SSDF can significantly reduce the FFA release rate of SOB emulsion, which effectively delayed the digestion process of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract. This study can provide theoretical basis and reference for the high-value utilization of soybean processing by- products such as soy sauce oil residue and soybean meal, which could improve the processing applicability of SOB, and develop new low-fat health foods containing SOB and SSDF.

In order to solve the problem of interruption in the positioning of roadheader in the case that the optical target is blocked under the current commonly used integrated navigation positioning of roadheader based on 'inertial navigation+visual measurement+optical target', a positioning solution method for roadheader under optical target occlusion occlusion is proposed. Firstly, the method collects images of an optical target composed of four rectangular distributed target points in unblocked conditions, obtains the pixel coordinates of the imaging spot of the target points in the camera, and constructs a rectangle. Then, the method expands and constructs an auxiliary rectangular area box according to a certain proportion. Secondly, the method collects images of partially blocked target points, obtains the pixel coordinates of the imaging spot of the unblocked target points in the camera. The method determines the corresponding relationship between the unblocked target points and the imaging spot based on the Euclidean distance between the imaging spot of the target points and the vertex of the auxiliary rectangular area box, thereby determining the blocked target points. Thirdly, using the known geometric dimensions of the target and the target attitude information provided by inertial navigation, the method establishes the corresponding relationship between the projected target point and the imaging spot, and then solves for the pixel coordinates of the spot corresponding to the blocked target point. Finally, the spatial coordinates of the center position of the optical target are obtained using the perspective-N-point (PNP) algorithm to achieve the positioning solution of the roadheader. The experimental results show that when the optical target is blocked, by calculating the pixel coordinates of the light spot corresponding to the blocked target point, the problem of interruption in the positioning of the roadheader can be solved. It ensures the real-time positioning of the roadheader, and the positioning error meets the actual positioning requirements of the roadheader.

Objective: To improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of oyster grading. Methods: The oyster automatic grading equipment was proposed and designed, the oyster queuing structure combining the rotating drum and the baffle conveyor belt, the grading method combining weight detection and machine vision detection were determined, and the overall structure design of the oyster grading equipment was completed. The oyster image was collected by industrial camera, and the oyster image was extracted by Otsu binarization, Gaussian filtering processing, Canny operator edge extraction and other methods. The oyster was graded by machine vision algorithm with length and fullness as the standard, and the comparison test between machine vision grading and manual grading were carried out. Results: The machine vision classification accuracy of oysters was 95.4%, and the image detection speed was about 0.647 s/image. Conclusion: Machine vision is effective for oyster grading and can classify oysters more accurately.

As a large corridor project, plateau railway has multiple points and passes various sensitive environments along the railway. The determination of the scope of impact on ecological environment from railway construction is often controversial in ecological impact assessment work. Taking the Tangbu-Jiantang section of Li-Xiang Railway as study object, and using present land use map (1:10000) in 2012 and DEM as data sources, corridor cutting degree index (CCI) and cumulative effect index of corridor (CCEI) were established by topology, buffer zone and landscape metrics methods. Besides, the ecological risk index used for railway construction was improved. By quantitative analysis of characteristics of the spatiotemporal change of landscape pattern and its evolution style at different spatial scales before and after railway construction, the most appropriate evaluation scale of the railway was obtained. Then the characteristics of the spatio-temporal variation of ecological risk within this scale before and after railway construction were analyzed. The results indicated that the cutting model and degree of railway corridor to various landscape types could be effectively reflected by CCI, and the exposure and harm relations between risk sources and risk receptors of railway can be measured by CCEI. After the railway construction, the railway corridor would cause a great deal of middle cutting effect on the landscape along the railroad, which would influence wood land and grassland landscape most greatly, while would cause less effect of edge cutting and internal cutting. Landscape indices within the 600 m buffer zone demonstrated the most obvious scale effect, therefore, the 600 m zone of the railway was set as the most suitable range of ecological impact assessment. Before railway construction, the low ecological risk level covered the biggest part of the 600 m assessment zone. However, after the railway construction, the ecological risk increased significantly, and the most part of the study area was at the moderate ecological risk level. The ecological risk presented ring-shaped and multi-kernel patterns, and was lower in the southern part than in the northern part of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subdural abscesses are located between the dura mater and the subarachnoid space， which are primarily caused by Staphylococci and Streptococci， etc. Subdural abscesses caused by Salmonella Typhi are extremely rare. In this article， a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） presented with a subdural abscess with fever and headache. Blood culture and next-generation sequencing （NGS） of cerebrospinal fluid were indicative of Salmonella Typhi infection. He was treated with sensitive antibiotics based on drug sensitivity testing combined with surgical drainage， and Salmonella Typhi was cultured in the drainage sample. During 4-month postoperative follow-up， relevant symptoms were mitigated and imaging examination results were normal. This case prompts that intracranial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi is extremely rare， which can occur in immunocompromised population. Blood culture， pus culture and NGS are of significant value in differential diagnosis of Salmonella Typhi infection. After the diagnosis is confirmed， sensitive antibiotics combined with surgical treatment can achieve high efficacy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of superchilling combined with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality indicators of truffle during storage. Methods: Truffle samples were stored at −(4.4 ± 0.2) ℃ under normal atmosphere (control) and 40% O2 + 60% CO2 atmosphere (group A), and quality changes during storage were determined. Discriminant models were established using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results: Each quality index showed different trends under the two different storage atmospheres. Truffle was preserved significantly better in group A than the control group; the water loss and decay rate were effectively reduced in group A. On the 20th day of storage, the moisture content, decay rate and mass loss rate of group A were 63.62%, 6.94% and 1.02%, respectively; moisture content was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), and decay rate and mass loss rate were lower than control group, respectively (P < 0.05). Truffle quality was maintained better in group A than the control group, in terms of maintaining textural characteristics such as hardness and elasticity and delaying the decline in the contents of polysaccharides, total polyphenols, total flavonoids and crude protein and ferric ion reducing power. After 20 days of storage, the contents of polysaccharides, total polyphenols, total flavonoids and crude protein, and ferric ion reducing power were reduced by 27.94%, 32.51%, 16.18%, 68.58%, and 18.13%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group. Correlation analysis and the developed discriminant models could effectively distinguish the quality differences of the samples under different treatments, indicating that physicochemical indexes influenced the quality of truffle during the storage period. OPLS-DA could also effectively differentiate the components of the truffle samples under different treatments. Conclusion: Superchilling combined with MAP can better preserve fresh truffle, and this study provides a theoretical basis for the development of new truffle preservation technologies.

Aquatic product safety incidents have occurred frequently because of serious pollution in the farming environment, use of illicit veterinary drugs during the farming process, and the natural occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic products. However, due to the low content of target analytes, the complexity of aquatic product matrices, and the interaction between target analytes and food components, it is very difficult to separate and purify residual pollutants from aquatic products, so there is an urgent need for accurate and precise methods with a low limit of detection for the safety detection of aquatic products. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials with large specific surface area, good thermal stability, and adjustable surface modification. MOFs have been successfully applied to the safety testing of aquatic products owing to the excellent adsorption properties. This article summarizes the major structure of MOFs, discusses the adsorption mechanisms of MOFs, and reviews the applications of MOFs in the safety detection of residual pollutants (fishery drugs, heavy metals, and organic pollutants) in aquatic products, in order to provide a reference for researchers engaged in the safety detection of aquatic products.

The spatial distribution of precipitation anomalies during flood season and characteristics of drought and flood disasters in China are directly affected by the speed and stagnation of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). EASM is significantly affected by external forcing such as sea surface temperature, land surface processes, ice and snow cover, and internal dynamic anomalies of atmospheric circulation. The sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly and its evolution have always been important factors for predicting precipitation during the flood season, considering lead time and the strength of precipitation prediction in flood season.Based on the scientific understanding and application of the mechanism of El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) cycle and other Ocean SST on the key factors of EASM, the prediction skill of flood season precipitation is reviewed. According to a prediction evaluation spanning over 40 years of historical records, the prediction accuracy for different types of rainfall pattern, the prediction accuracy of rain types in 1981-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2010, and 2011-2020 is 50%/30%, 60%/30%, 50%/40%, and 70%/50%, respectively. In other words, the prediction of the primary rainfall patterns during the flood season in China is closer to the observation, and the accuracy of predicting spatial distribution patterns of drought and flood has significantly improved. This improvement can be attributed to the in-depth understanding of the impact of SST on EASM activities and enhancements made to dynamic climate models. In the history of flood season prediction, there have been both successful and unsuccessful cases. The years with low prediction accuracy and significant flooding events are as follows: 1983, 1991, 1999, 2003, and 2014. The primary basis for prediction is analyzed, revealing that the limited understanding of the mechanism of SST affecting the EASM had a great impact on the skill of precipitation predictions during the flood season. Among these factors, the influence of different phases of the ENSO cycle, the asymmetry of ENSO's influence, the change in ENSO spatial patterns, and the influence of other local seas, such as the Indian Ocean SST anomaly, all play important roles.The importance of multi-factor and multi-scale synergy theory and application, as well as the technical support of the objectification method for prediction, are emphasized in summarizing causes for low prediction skill cases. Finally, some suggestions for improving future flood season precipitation predictions are put forward, and it is emphasized that the development of a multi-factor and multi-time scale synergistic theory, an objective climate prediction method, and an integrated system for monitoring, predictions and impact assessment will significantly enhance predictions and provide services for flood season precipitation.

Plutonium(Pu) is a very critical radioactive element, and its separation and purification are the core technology in the reprocessing of spent fuel. At the same time, research on the separation of Pu is also of great significance to environmental protection and radioactive pollution remediation. Currently, precipitation, extraction, and adsorption are the primary techniques for separating and purifying plutonium. Of these, adsorption is a crucial method for the process. The technique offers benefits such as simplicity of operation and high-speed adsorption. Additionally, adsorbents have advantages in the form of low cost and high adsorption capacity. In the review, according to the properties of adsorption materials, we introduced the research progress on the adsorption and separation of Pu from five aspects: natural mineral, polymer resins, inorganic oxides, carbon materials and nanomaterials. Furthermore, the adsorption ability and mechanisms of these different adsorption materials as well as the influencing factors during the adsorption process were also summarized and discussed. Based on these discussions, the advantages and disadvantages of these different materials were also evaluated. Finally, the problems and future development trend of the plutonium adsorption and separation were analyzed and prospected, which should be provided guidance for the research and application in the adsorption and separation of Pu and other radionuclides.

【Objective】Optical fiber dispersion, nonlinear impairments, and bandwidth limitation in high-speed passive optical access networks result in significant power budget loss with traditional intensity modulation and direct detection schemes, failing to meet the requirements of high-speed passive optical access networks.【Methods】In order to enhance the rate and performance of the intensity modulation and direct detection optical access system, this study explores the channel equalization method of VDFE-RLS based on Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm, building upon the Volterra Decision Feedback Equalizer (VDFE), This equalizer uses RLS algorithm to update its tap coefficients. It includes a three-order Volterra series, allowing it to compensate for both linear and nonlinear impairments. VDFE-RLS is applied to the downlink optical access system with a single wavelength of 200 Gbit/s based on O-band intensity modulation and direct detection scheme after 20 km transmission.【Results】The experimental results show that the RLS outperforms the conventional Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm in the equalization process. Moreover, VDFE-RLS achieves a power budget greater than 29 dB. When the length of the equalizer is the same, VDFE-RLS can increase the power budget by 2.2 dB compared with the conventional Volterra Feed Forward Equalization (VFFE)-RLS equalizer. When the length of VDFE-RLS equalizer is half that of VFFE-RLS, the VDFE-RLS can increase the power budget by 0.5 dB compared with the VFFE-RLS equalizer.【Conclusion】Compared with other traditional methods, the proposed method can shorten the length of the equalizer and increase the power budget of the system, ultimately restoring signals with better performance.

[Objective] Compared with conventional gas fuel, hydrogen is more susceptible to explosion. Meanwhile, the existence of obstacles notably stimulates hydrogen combustion and accelerates flame propagation, causing more serious consequences of accidents. To reduce destructive damage caused by hydrogen combustion under obstacle conditions, it is particularly important to reveal the influences of different obstacle conditions on the characteristics of flame propagation of hydrogen. [Methods] Based on large eddy simulation, the hydrogen/air combustion and explosion processes under different obstacle shapes and blockage rate conditions were numerically simulated.Focus was given to the research on different flame propagation velocities caused by different obstacle shapes and the sensitivity to blockage rate changes. [Results] Under low blockage rate, grid-type obstacles had a stronger destructive effect on the regular flow field at the flame front than single-side obstacles, and as the number of voids in grid-type obstacles increased, their destructive effect on the flow field motion further intensified, making it difficult for the flame front to recover to a regular state. When the blockage rate went up, the difference of the shapes of obstacles became insignificant in causing damage to the regular flow field, and the flame front was continuously distorted under all obstacle conditions. As the blockage rate continued to increase, single-side obstacles brought higher peak flame propagation velocity than grid-type obstacles. At the same blockage rate, the mechanism of flame acceleration by grid-type obstacles can be changed by adjusting the single void area to enhance the acceleration effect. [Conclusion] The shape and blockage rate of obstacles are the key factors influencing the state of flame front behind obstacles.The single-side obstacle is more sensitive to the blockage rate,while the grid-type obstacle has higher acceleration potential.The research results provide basic reference data for the prevention and control of hydrogen fire accidents and serve as a reference for the design of hydrogen power systems.

【Objective】 Crop coefficient and soil evaporation are two important parameters for calculating evapotranspiration in terrestrial ecosystems but they are dependent on many factors. In this paper, we investigate their correlation for a forage grassland. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a forage grassland (Triticale and Oat) irrigated by sprinkler irrigation at the Lhasa Valley. Evapotranspiration (ET) was measured from a micro-lysimeter and the potential evapotranspiration was calculated using the PM method. The ratio of the former to the latter was the ground-truth crop coefficient (Kc). This crop coefficient was used to evaluate the single-crop coefficient estimated using the modified PM method. We also measured the inter-plant soil evaporation (E) using an in-house instrument to estimate the E/ET ratio. The relationship between Kcand E/ET, as well as their dependence on leaf area index (LAI) and SPAD were established. 【Result】 Using the correction method recommended by FAO-56, the crop coefficient of Triticale and Oat in the Lhasa valley at initial, middle and end of their growth stage was Kc ini=0.45, Kc mid=1.22 and Kc end=0.49 for the Triticale, and Kc ini=0.94, Kc mid=1.16 and Kc end=0.31 for the Oat. For the Triticale, soil evaporation accounted for 44.8% of the evapotranspiration during the whole growth, and 93.4%, 94.8%, 61.8%, 22.2% and 13.8% during the seedling-overwintering, overwintering-replanting, replanting-jointing, jointing-heading and heading-mowing stage, respectively. For the Oat, soil evaporation accounted for 98.9%, 79.1%, 31.7% and 16.8% of the evapotranspiration from seedling to tillering, tiller to jointing, jointing to heading and heading to mowing stages, respectively. Overall, soil evaporation accounted for more than 44% of the evapotranspiration and it is hence potential to improve water use efficiency by reducing soil respiration. The measured crop coefficient and the ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration were significantly correlated with LAI and SPAD linearly or nonlinearly. 【Conclusion】 The measured crop coefficient, ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration of the two-season forage grassland are significantly correlated to LAI and SPAD. Adding a crop indicator to the single crop coefficient can improve the accuracy of the calculated evapotranspiration. Through mathematical models, the crop indicators can simulate evapotranspiration.

Chitosan can be used as an active antibacterial agent or film-forming substrate in foods, and has become a powerful substitute for synthetic plastic polymers because of its good biodegradability, film-forming capacity and antibacterial activity. However, chitosan films have several limitations such as poor water solubility and weak mechanical properties, which limit its application in antibacterial food packaging materials to a certain degree. The safety of applying the antibacterial activity of chitosan in foods has attracted much attention in recent years. In order to provide new ideas for further development and utilization of chitosan-based antibacterial composite materials, this paper expounds the antibacterial mechanism of chitosan and the methods to improve its antibacterial performance, and summarizes the current status of the application of chitosan-polysaccharide, protein or lipid composite films in food preservation.

Objective To explore the efficacy of Quzhuo Qingyuan Decoction plus telmisartan for diabetes nephropathy （DN） and examine its influences on renal function and renal hemodynamics. Methods From March 2021 to March 2022, 120 DN patients were recruited and randomized into two groups of study and control （n = 60 each）. Control group received telmisartan while study group （n = 60） had telmisartan plus Quzhuo Qingyuan Decoction. Clinical efficacies, parameters of renal function, renal hemodynamics and glucose metabolism and drug safety of two groups were compared. Results Total effective rate of study group was higher than that of control group [（91.67%, 55/60） vs （73.33%, 44/60）, P＜0.05]. After treatment, serum creatinine （Scr） of patients in study and control groups [（75.06 ± 7.15） μmol/L, （81.26 ± 8.28） μmol/L vs （89.65 ± 9.16） μmol/L, （89.77±9.25） μmol/L], blood urea nitrogen （BUN） [（7.15 ± 0.65） mmol/L, （11.81 ± 1.56） mmol/L vs （26.59 ± 5.65） mmol/L, （26.91 ± 5.42） mmol/L], urinary albumin creatinine （UACR） [（65.13 ± 3.59） mg/g, （115.31 ± 3.65） mg/g vs （157.41 ± 9.36） mg/g, （157.75 ± 9.28） mg/g] and 24-hour urine protein quantification [（0.26 ± 0.08） g, （1.69 ± 0.32） g vs （3.75 ± 0.28） g, （2.61 ± 0.69） g] declined markedly. Study group was lower than control group （P＜0.05）. After treatment, minimal diastolic blood flow velocity （Vmin） [（16.75 ± 4.25） cm/s, （13.83 ± 4.16） cm/s vs （11.22 ± 3.77） cm/s, （11.29 ± 3.75） cm/s], maximal diastolic blood flow velocity （Vmax） [（49.66 ± 5.64） cm/s, （45.35 ± 6.29） cm/s vs （41.28 ± 11.64） cm/s, （41.34 ± 11.75） cm/s] and average flow velocity [（27.73 ± 4.26） cm/s, （24.66 ± 5.87） cm/s vs （20.16 ± 5.13） cm/s, （20.25±5.24） cm/s] spiked markedly. Study group was higher than control group （P＜0.05）. However, resistance index （RI） in study and control groups （0.63 ± 0.06, 0.76 ± 0.09 vs 0.87 ± 0.21, 0.85 ± 0.19）, pulse index （PI） （1.26 ± 0.17, 1.48 ± 0.25 vs 1.69 ± 0.32, 1.74 ± 0.36） and Vmax/Vmin （2.96 ± 0.81, 3.28 ± 0.91 vs 3.68 ± 1.02, 3.66 ± 1.01） declined markedly and study group was lower than control group. After treatment, fasting blood glucose （FPG） was in study and control groups [（5.26 ± 0.65） mmol/L, （7.08 ± 1.05） mmol/L vs （7.27 ± 1.19） mmol/L, （7.25 ± 1.16） mmol/L]. The levels of glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c） [（7.04 ± 1.39）%, （8.25 ± 1.46）% vs （10.17 ± 1.71）%, （10.19 ± 1.68）%] and postprandial 2-hour blood glucose （2 hPPG） [（9.26 ± 1.43） mmol/L, （11.29 ± 1.68） mmol/L vs （14.21 ± 2.16） mmol/L, （14.19 ± 2.15） mmol/L] were significantly lower than pre-treatment and study group was lower than control group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in study group than that in control group [（5.00%, 3/60） vs （16.67%, 10/60）, χ2 = 4.227, P = 0.040）. Conclusions Quzhuo Qingyuan Decoction plus telmisartan is efficacious for DN. With a high drug safety, it may improve renal function, regulate hemodynamics and improve the control of glucose metabolism.

[Objective] Pipelines with undulating profiles are susceptible to liquid accumulation at low-lying positions along their route,particularly when utilized for gathering and transmission of wet natural gas and transmission of oil-gas blends. Considering the significant difference in inclination angle between gathering and transmission pipelines and gas wells, foam drainage technology, already wellestablished for the removal of liquid accumulation from gas wells, needs to be further demonstrated before its application to transmission pipelines carrying oil-gas blends. [Methods] Gas-liquid multiphase pipe flow experiments were conducted using an experimental loop setup,aimed at investigating the impact of foam on the characteristics of gas-liquid multiphase flow at various inclination angles and elucidating the mechanism of plug formation in foam-containing multiphase flow. Additionally, the study examined the impact of changes in foam system properties induced by the presence of inorganic salts on the characteristics of foam-containing multiphase flow. Flow regime-specific analysis was conducted on flow characteristic parameters and pressure difference features. [Results] In pipelines with undulating profiles and significantly different inclination angles compared to gas wells, the addition of surfactant was found effective in removing accumulated liquid and mitigating the occurrence of sectional slugged flow conditions. To investigate the drainage effect of water-based Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate(SDS) foam under the influence of inorganic salts, a further study was conducted with the presence of NaCl and MgCl2 as environmental impact factors, and using metal grid sensors, a high-speed camera system, and pressure sensors. The findings revealed that the variation in foam properties resulting from the effect of inorganic salts had a substantial impact on the efficiency of foam drainage. Furthermore, it was observed that an excessive formation of stable foam within the pipeline caused a substantial increase in pressure drop along the route.[Conclusion] When applying foam drainage technology to gathering and transmission pipelines with liquid accumulation, stability becomes a critical factor in selecting an appropriate foam system. Further research should focus on investigating the relationship between the influence of the foam layer on the flow characteristics of the medium in pipelines and the overall performance of the foam system.

[Objective] The delivery process of natural gas ultrasonic flowmeters for verification is not quantitative, and there are no relevant regulations on the scheduling and sequencing process before the flowmeters are put onto the inspection bench, resulting in contradictions between the “delivery” plan and the “verification” schedule. It is urgent to address the dynamic collaborative planning of “delivery” and “verification”. [Methods] Based on the criterion of “maximizing the value of pipeline network through ultrasonic flowmeter verification and minimizing the risk of pipeline network after ultrasonic flowmeter verification”, a pipeline branch company of PipeChina was selected as an example to propose a method for optimizing delivery for verification and intelligent decision-making on verification scheduling. Through digital transformation, three influencing factors of traditional management, i.e. planning standard,uncertainty, and verification priority, were statistically analyzed. Driven by process, data mining, flexible management, and analysis of operation and maintenance effectiveness mode were carried out based on the characteristics of ultrasonic flowmeter operation,maintenance and verification. The service life cycles of flowmeters were defined. The matching between active and standby flowmeters was optimized, and the time confirmation method for the annual delivery plan was proposed. Based on the life cycle mode, dynamic planning was conducted during the verification scheduling. [Results] The results show that the verification priority can be redefined by gas transmission benefit value and certificate expiration risk. For mutually active and standby flowmeters, the verification value and the risk cost of the flowmeter to be verified are respectively determined by the gas transmission benefit value and the certificate expiration risk of the flowmeter in service within a certain period, and the constraint conditions are adjusted according to the capacity of the verification center. [Conclusion] The optimized method of the dynamic overall planning of operation, verification, and maintenance of natural gas ultrasonic flowmeters based on verification scheduling is conducive to resisting uncertain risks, reducing verification load, and improving metering safety. It provides technical support for gas commercial metering and pipeline transmission loss control.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne human pathogen responsible for severe listeriosis and poses a great threat to human health. Hence, controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes plays an important role in the prevention of food contamination. Listeria innocua is often studied experimentally as a substitute strain for L. monocytogenes. In order to better maintain the sensory properties and nutrients of foods and extend their shelf life, this study explored the antimicrobial effect and possible mechanism of high pressure processing (HPP) combined with lauroyl arginate ethyl ester hydrochloride (LAE) on L. innocua. The feasibility of applying the combined treatment as a preservative was also investigated in ham. The results showed that 12 mg/L LAE treatment for 60 minutes had a potent antimicrobial effect on L. innocua, achieving a bacterial reduction of 3.12 (lg (CFU/mL)). Under the combined action of HPP and LAE, the surface morphology of bacterial cells became more wrinkled and sunken, and intracellular contents leaked out, suggesting a severe change in cell membrane permeability. The combined treatment of HPP at 350 MPa for 5 min with 12 mg/L LAE reduced L. innocua count by 4.87 (lg (CFU/mL)), which was 3.25 and 3.54 (lg (CFU/mL)) higher than that achieved using HPP and LAE treatments alone, respectively, suggesting a synergistic antimicrobial effect. Such synergistic antimicrobial effect was also observed on ham inoculated with L. innocua. This study could provide a theoretical reference for controlling the contamination of foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat meat products.

Objective: To investigate the value and significance of 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (18F-PSMA)-1007 PET/MR for early diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: A total of 143 patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy were enrolled during June 2019 to January 2022 in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. All the patients underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MR imaging within 12 to 60 months after surgery. According to the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, patients were divided into 5 groups（PSA≤0.2 ng/mL, 0.2 ng/mL

Metal corrosion significantly impacts the lifespan of metal equipment, and the application of anti-corrosive coatings is an effective method to protect equipment and extend its service life. Epoxy resin coatings, known for their excellent corrosion resistance and strong adhesion, are among the most widely used in the anti-corrosion coatings of metal equipment. In this paper, the anti-corrosion mechanism of epoxy resin coatings was briefly analyzed. The research progress of epoxy resin anticorrosion coatings at home and abroad in recent years was summarized, focusing on nano-filler modified epoxy resin coatings and waterborne epoxy resin emulsion coatings. At the same time, the problems that still needed to be solved at the present stage of epoxy resin anticorrosion coatings were summarized, and the future research direction of the modification of epoxy resin anticorrosion coatings was envisioned.

Objective To understand the current status of surgical treatment for hemophilia osteoarthropathy (HO) in China.Methods Using an online questionnaire, select domestic hospitals that partici-pated in the compilation of the 'Guideline for perioperative management of hemophilia patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery in China ', in addition to members of the National Joint Surgery Group, and the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Association for targeted investigation and analysis.Results A total of 17 domestic hospitals were included, all of which were general hospitals. Hospitals that started HO surgery treatment before 2000 accounted for 35.29%. A total of 3057 surgical cases of HO were reported by those hospitals. The most commonly performed surgical procedures were hip and knee joint replacement. The most commonly used coagulation factor replacement regimen was recombinant coagulation factor preparation. Ten hospitals reported finding patients with transfusion-related infectious diseases. Bleeding and hematoma formation were the most frequently reported surgical complications. Excessive length of hospital stay and high economic costs were the most frequently reported problems.Conclusions Surgical treatment for HO in 17 hospitals is mainly carried out in some large comprehensive medical centers in the eastern region. Compared with the patient base, the popularity and number of surgeries are still relatively insufficient. It is necessary to further standardize the treatment system by standardizing factor replacement and strengthening rehabilitation to improve surgical treatment outcomes.

Quaternary volcanic rocks are widely distributed in the Leizhou Peninsula, but the age of volcanic formation remains controversial. This study used the high-precision laser stepwise heating 40Ar/39Ar method to date the age of volcanic samples from the midwest of the Leizhou Peninsula, and two volcanic cycles were determined by combining the contact relationship with the neighboring strata. Volcanic rocks of the first cycle (Ⅰ) occur as interlayers in the Zhanjiang Formation, only seen in Borehole ZKC12, and the lithology is olivine tholeiite; volcanic rocks of the second cycle (Ⅱ) are the most widely distributed in the study area, unconformably overlaying on the Zhanjiang Formation, with 40Ar/39Ar ages ranging from 2.02 to 0.88 Ma, indicating that they were erupted from the early stage of the early Pleistocene to the end of the early Pleistocene. On the combination of contact relationship with surrounding strata, the second cycle can be further divided into four eruption stages. The first eruption stage (Ⅱ1) has the largest scale and the most extensive area, forming two eruption centers with 40Ar/39Ar age of 2.02±0.03 Ma. The second eruption stage (Ⅱ2) centers in the areas of Guokailing and Beicha with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 1.77±0.03 Ma and 1.70±0.03 Ma, respectively. The eruptional center of the third eruption stage (Ⅱ3) lies at Huoju Farm, and the age of 40Ar/39Ar is 1.51±0.07 Ma. The lithology of the fourth eruption stage (Ⅱ4) is dominated by basaltic lava of overflow phase formed by fissure eruption, and the 40Ar/39Ar age is 0.88±0.14 Ma. The volcanic activity is obviously controlled by NE-trending and NW-trending basement faults. These results provide reliable age data to constrain Leizhou Peninsula’s forming age, eruption periods, and the law of volcanic activity.

In hepatocytes, autophagy and ferroptosis, as important biological processes in cells, play important roles in maintaining lipid accumulation homeostasis, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation balance. Here we reviewed the impact of autophagy on the abnormal lipids accumulation in the process of liver lipid metabolism, and its relationship with ferroptosis, which was marked by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The impact of the interaction between autophagy and ferroptosis on the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) might provide some new ideas for the treatment of NAFLD.

To study the natural contamination characteristics of insulators on DC lines， measurement points are set between sections Jiaxing and Huzhou of ±500 kV Gezhouba-Nanqiao HVDC transmission lines to carry out natural contamination tests. The equivalent salt deposit density （ESDD） and non-soluble deposit density （NSDD） of insulators are obtained through tests. Also， the effect of electric field and shed shapes on the contamination characteristics of insulators is studied. The results show that the bell-shaped insulators are more susceptible to contamination in contrast to double-shed ones； the ESDD and NSDD of a bell-shaped insulator are 1.73 and 1.54 times respectively as much as those of the double-shed one； the NSDD/ESDD ratio of a double-shed insulator is slightly smaller than that of a bell-shaped one， and the contamination unevenness of a double-shed insulator is far smaller than that of the latter. Finally， a method for calculating the effective utilization coefficient of insulator creepage distance considering contamination unevenness and NSDD is proposed， and the effective utilization coefficients of the creepage distances of XZWP-160 insulators under different contamination levels are calculated. The research results can be a beneficial reference for line flashover prevention.

Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) has attracted wide attention as a natural antibacterial material due to its advantages of high safety, no drug resistance and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of LCEO against Penicillium italicum in citrus fruits and its mechanism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LCEO, and its influence on the mycelial growth, spore germination, release of cell components, extracellular pH and electrical conductivity of Penicillium italicum were determined after LCEO treatment. The changes of the surface morphology of Penicillium italiana mycelia caused by LCEO were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the integrity of the spore membrane was detected by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The disease incidence and lesion diameter in citrus fruits infected with Penicillium italicum were determined. The MIC of LCEO against Penicillium italicum was 1.17 mg/mL. LCEO could significantly inhibit the mycelial growth and spore germination of Penicillium italicum, and the inhibition rates of mycelial growth and spore germination were (88.17 ± 0.30)% and (97.78 ± 0.30)% after 1 000 mg/L LCEO treatment, respectively. With an increase in LCEO concentration, the extracellular conductivity and extracellular pH of Penicillium italicum increased gradually, and the leakage of nucleic acid became more serious. SEM observation showed the mycelial linearity was lost, and irreversible morphological changes such as distortion, shrinkage and shriveling appeared on the mycelial surface after LCEO treatment. The higher the concentration of LCEO, the more serious the damage to the integrity and permeability of Penicillium italicum mycelia. The results of PI staining showed that the integrity of the cell membrane of the spores was damaged. In addition, the in vivo experiments showed that the disease incidence and lesion diameter of LCEO-treated citrus fruits decreased significantly compared to the untreated control group (P < 0.05), and the best effect was observed at 4 800 mg/L concentration. LCEO could effectively inhibit the spread of Penicillium italicum in citrus fruits, and it had a good control effect on citrus blue mold.

ObjectiveRapid recognition and automatic positioning of table grapes in the natural environment is the prerequisite for the automatic picking of table grapes by the picking robot.MethodsAn rapid recognition and automatic picking points positioning method based on improved K-means clustering algorithm and contour analysis was proposed. First, euclidean distance was replaced by a weighted gray threshold as the judgment basis of K-means similarity. Then the images of table grapes were rasterized according to the K value, and the initial clustering center was obtained. Next, the average gray value of each cluster and the percentage of pixel points of each cluster in the total pixel points were calculated. And the weighted gray threshold was obtained by the average gray value and percentage of adjacent clusters. Then, the clustering was considered as have ended until the weighted gray threshold remained unchanged. Therefore, the cluster image of table grape was obtained. The improved clustering algorithm not only saved the clustering time, but also ensured that the K value could change adaptively. Moreover, the adaptive Otsu algorithm was used to extract grape cluster information, so that the initial binary image of the table grape was obtained. In order to reduce the interference of redundant noise on recognition accuracy, the morphological algorithms (open operation, close operation, images filling and the maximum connected domain) were used to remove noise, so the accurate binary image of table grapes was obtained. And then, the contours of table grapes were obtained by the Sobel operator. Furthermore, table grape clusters grew perpendicular to the ground due to gravity in the natural environment. Therefore, the extreme point and center of gravity point of the grape cluster were obtained based on contour analysis. In addition, the linear bundle where the extreme point and the center of gravity point located was taken as the carrier, and the similarity of pixel points on both sides of the linear bundle were taken as the judgment basis. The line corresponding to the lowest similarity value was taken as the grape stem, so the stem axis of the grape was located. Moreover, according to the agronomic picking requirements of table grapes, and combined with contour analysis, the region of interest (ROI) in picking points could be obtained. Among them, the intersection of the grapes stem and the contour was regarded as the middle point of the bottom edge of the ROI. And the 0.8 times distance between the left and right extreme points was regarded as the length of the ROI, the 0.25 times distance between the gravity point and the intersection of the grape stem and the contour was regarded as the height of the ROI. After that, the central point of the ROI was captured. Then, the nearest point between the center point of the ROI and the grape stem was determined, and this point on the grape stem was taken as the picking point of the table grapes. Finally, 917 grape images (including Summer Black, Moldova, and Youyong) taken by the rear camera of MI8 mobile phone at Jinniu Mountain Base of Shandong Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute were verified experimentally.Results and Discussions]The results showed that the success rate was 90.51% when the error between the table grape picking points and the optimal points were less than 12 pixels, and the average positioning time was 0.87 s. The method realized the fast and accurate localization of table grape picking points. On top of that, according to the two cultivation modes (hedgerow planting and trellis planting) of table grapes, a simulation test platform based on the Dense mechanical arm and the single-chip computer was set up in the study. 50 simulation tests were carried out for the four conditions respectively, among which the success rate of localization for purple grape picking point of hedgerow planting was 86.00%, and the average localization time was 0.89 s; the success rate of localization for purple grape identification and localization of trellis planting was 92.00%, and the average localization time was 0.67 s; the success rate of localization for green grape picking point of hedgerow planting was 78.00%, and the average localization time was 0.72 s; and the success rate of localization for green grape identification and localization of trellis planting was 80.00%, and the average localization time was 0.71 s.ConclusionsThe experimental results showed that the method proposed in the study can meet the requirements of table grape picking, and can provide technical supports for the development of grape picking robot.

In the era of 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) communication, hardware products such as optical modems and routers are updated iteratively. As one of the key technologies of passive optical network, Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) constantly optimizes its own performance. The functional complexity of the chip is increasing, and the verification of its logic function is particularly important. This paper presents an architecture of DBA module verification platform in passive optical networks. Based on the verification methodology framework of Universal Verification Methodology (UVM), the platform calls the System Verilog (SV) reference model. It can cover a large number of scenarios with a few test cases, and realize the verification and self checking of DBA traffic requirements and authorized function points. The coverage rate of Register Transfer Level (RTL) code can reach more than 95%. The simulation results shows that the verification platform can support the system level verification of DBA, and the framework reusing and automatic data comparison. The proposed architecture can meet the requirements of verification, and provide an efficient and comprehensive verification environment for the performance test of DBA, and greatly improve the verification efficiency.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） are opportunistic pathogens that often infect the immunosuppressed individuals. NTM osteomyelitis is a rare disease， mostly as part of disseminated infection. In this article， the diagnosis and treatment of an AIDS patient complicated with NTM osteomyelitis of the lower tibia were reported. The 40-year-old female patient was admitted due to the left ankle pain during antiretroviral therapy. According to blood culture test and imaging examination， the patient was diagnosed with Talaromyces marneffei osteomyelitis before surgery. Postoperative pus culture was positive for NTM. She was pathologically diagnosed with NTM osteomyelitis. After multiple cycles of surgical treatments and more than 1 year of postoperative follow-up， the patient was physically stable. The diagnosis and treatment of this case prompt that the diagnosis of NTM osteomyelitis should be considered for AIDS patients presenting with rapidly-progressive osteomyelitis. The diagnosis depends on the culture of pathogens. Prompt surgical debridement and anti-NTM treatment based on drug sensitivity test are of significance for clinical prognosis.

Based on the meteorological observations since 1981, the impact of climate change on rubber tree planting in Yunnan is analyzed from the aspect of the climatic suitability of rubber tree. The results show that annual average temperature of the main rubber producing counties in the south and east increases by 0.6-0.8℃ in most areas, and more than 1.0℃ in most areas in the west. In January, the average temperature in most areas of the main rubber producing counties in the east of the Ailao Mountain increases by 0-1.0℃, while that in the west increases by 1.0-2.0℃ in the 2010s compared with the 1980s. At the same time, the most suitable and suitable climate area for rubber tree planting increase by 55.3% and 18.6%, respectively. The increased areas are mainly distributed in the west of the Ailao Mountain, indicating that the west area of the Ailao Mountain is more suitable for rubber tree planting due to climate change.

Faults are an important factor inducing mine safety accidents, and it poses difficulties on the identification of faults within 5 m of drop.Taking the Liupanshui coalfield of Guizhou province as the study area, this paper investigated the coalfield strata and carried out an on-site survey.It proposed a seismic physical model and used the unique velocity ratio of 1∶1.74 to realize the construction and analysis of small faults with a burial depth of 800 m, 1 000 m and 1 200 m and a drop of 5 m, 3 m and 1 m.This paper extracted a variety of seismic properties by seismic dynamics method to analyze small faults, and obtained the sensitivity of seven seismic properties to the characteristic response of small faults, including amplitude envelope, amplitude first derivative, and amplitude second derivative, and the correlation between seismic properties and drop was established accordingly.The results show that when the small fault drop of the coal seam is less than or equal to 5 m, there is a linear relationship with the traditional amplitude attributes, and a linear relationship with the seismic properties related to phase and frequency.There is high correlation between the amplitude envelope and the amplitude imaginary part, and low correlation between the instantaneous frequency, the amplitude first derivative, the cosine instantaneous phase, the amplitude second derivative and the amplitude envelope.

With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, wine is widely loved by consumers in our country. In recent years, the Chinese wine market has grown stronger. However, at the same time, wine counterfeiting has become a serious problem. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out studies on the authenticity of wine. This article reviews the literature on the application of 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy in wine authentication in the past 16 years, focusing on recent progress in the application of 1H-NMR in the authentication of the geographical origin, variety and vintage of wine, aiming to provide ideas and references for enlightening and promoting the authentication of wine in China and promoting in-depth research in this regard.

Triage is the scientific process of sorting patients as they present to the emergency care setting, and is one key strategy used to ensure reduce the modality and disability. Aim of triage is to correctly identify patients and guide them to rapid and correct treatment. This paper reviewed the researches on emergency triage of patients with chest pain, and provided reference for quality of triage in emergency care. (急诊科预检分诊是用科学的方法将患者进行分类, 迅速识别急、危、重患者, 使之得到及时有效的救治, 减少患者死亡或伤残的发生。快速正确的急诊预检分诊是急性胸痛患者得到及时有效治疗的保证。本文就急性胸痛预检分诊工作进行综述, 旨在为提高护理预检分诊工作质量提供参考。)

With the increasing demand for energy storage with large capacity and high power density， liquid-cooling energy storage has become the development trend of the industry. Featuring large capacity， large number of electrodes， and high system voltage， the liquid-cooling battery module makes higher demands on the battery management system in terms of battery data acquisition， system control management， and system operation and maintenance functions. This paper presents a battery management system based on a liquid-cooling integrated energy storage system. It introduces the communication architecture of the system and the design of management units at all levels and expounds the functional configuration of each unit. Four passive equalization schemes in the market are compared concerning their limitations. A passive equalization circuit is developed based on the external MOS to realize the equalization control and reduce the manual power supply. The proposed scheme has been applied to practical engineering. A complete data curve of the charging and discharging cycle has been obtained to verify the practicability of the system.

This paper presents a high accuracy and low phase variation 5-bit digital controlled attenuator (DCA) for Ka-band phased-array system applications. The DCA adopts three attenuation topologies of T-type, simplified T-type and Π-type topologies with embedded switches to design the basic attenuation cells, and realizes the attenuation dynamic range of 15.5 dB and the minimum attenuation step of 0.5 dB. Amplitude calibration technology is used in signal path, which can effectively reduce the increase of attenuation amplitude error caused by process fluctuation and enhance the robustness of circuit design. At the same time, capacitance compensation technology is used in T-type and Π-type attenuation topologies to improve their high-frequency attenuation performance and achieve low phase variation. Based on 65 nm CMOS process, the proposed DCA is optimization simulated, taped out, measured and verified. The core area of the chip is 500 µm×150 µm. The measurement results show that within frequency range of 25~35 GHz, the insertion loss of reference state is 6.54~8.6 dB, the input/output return loss corresponding to 32 attenuation states is better than -15 dB, and the amplitude error RMS and phase error RMS are 0.12～0.26 dB and 1.02～2.07o, respectively.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) algorithms has been widely used in stroke diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, and has shown great application potential. This paper summarizes the application status of ML algorithms in stroke research from the aspects of ML algorithms research, ML algorithms in stroke diagnosis and classification diagnosis, outcome prediction, risk factor identification and so on, and looks into the future development direction.

The anaerobic fermentation of yeast mannoprotein (MP) by the gut microbiota in vitro was carried out to evaluate the probiotic activity of MP in this study. The results showed that MP could modulate the structure of the gut microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid and propionic acid, in the fermentation broth were significantly increased by MP. MP showed similar prebiotic activity to inulin. Inulin could stimulate the proliferation of Bifidobacterium, whereas MP could selectively promote the growth of Bacteroides, Veillonella, Clostridium_sensu_srticto, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter and Butyricicoccus. MP had no significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages (P > 0.05), whereas the fermentation broth showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of inulin, which was superior to that of the blank group. Thus, MP is expected to serve as a functional food ingredient that can offer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota.

The ammonium ions produced by the reactions of relatively excessive dimethylhydroxylamine(DMHAN) with Fe3+, Ce4+ and Pu4+ in dilute nitric acid solutions at room temperature were determined by ion chromatographic method. The results show that the reactions between DMHAN and Fe3+, Ce4+ and Pu4+ all produce a certain amount of ammonium ramifications under acidic conditions, which includes (CH3)2NH+2, NH+4 and CH3NH+3. The reaction mechanism is as follows. When DMHAN reacts with Fe3+, Ce4+ and Pu4+ respectively, it can be oxidized and reduced simultaneously in the acidic solution for the -1 valence of N atom in DMHAN. Then part of DMHAN is reduced to (CH3)2NH+2, and it is further converted into NH+4 and CH3NH+3 partly. With the increase of redox potential of Fe3+, Pu4+ and Ce4+, the conversion ratio of DMHAN into amine ions increases and the proportion of (CH3)2NH+2 in total amine ions decreases, while the proportion of NH+4 in total amine ions increases.

With the development of electric vehicles, higher requirements for battery energy density are put forward. High nickel/SiOx-C batteries with high energy density have become the first choice for long-range electric vehicles. However, high nickel/SiOx-C batteries have the problem of rapid capacity decay in practical use. Non-destructive electrochemical analysis and post-mortem analysis were used to detect the changes in battery capacity and internal resistance during the cycle. The changes in the structure, material morphology and surface composition of positive and negative electrodes before and after the battery cycle were compared, revealing the mechanism of cycling failure of high nickel/SiOx-C batteries. The results show that the capacity decay of the battery presents three stages: the stationary period, the rapid decay period and the extreme decay period. After cycling, the polarization of the battery is more serious, and the polarization internal resistance of the battery, the surface film resistance of the negative electrode and the charge transfer resistance increase significantly. Through differential curve analysis combined with disassembly analysis, it is found that the high nickel cathode material has less attenuation, and the silica carbon anode material has more attenuation and active lithium-ion loss. The expansion and cracking of silicon oxide particles, the loss of negative electrode active material, and the continuous growth of solid electrolyte interface film on the negative electrode surface consuming too much active lithium are the main reasons for the rapid decline of battery capacity.

Aiming at the problems of insufficient knowledge distillation efficiency,single stage training methods,complex training processes and difficult convergence of traditional knowledge distillation methods in image classification tasks,this paper designs a mutual learning knowledge distillation based on multi-stage multi-generative adversarial networks(MS-MGANs).Firstly,the whole training process is divided into several stages,teacher models of different stages are obtained to guide student models to achieve better accuracy.Secondly,the layer-wise greedy strategy is introduced to replace the traditional end-to-end training mode,and the layer-wise training strategy based on convolution block is adopted to reduce the number of parameters to be optimized in each iteration process,and further improve the distillation efficiency of the model.Finally,a generative adversarial structure is introduced into the knowledge distillation framework,with the teacher model as the feature discriminator and the student model as the feature generator,so that the student model can better follow or even surpass the performance of the teacher model in the process of continuously imitating the teacher model.The proposed method is compared with other advanced knowledge distillation methods on several public image classification data sets,and the experimental results show that the new knowledge distillation method has better performance in image classification.

In order to study the influence rule of HVDC grounding electrode interference on the cathodic area and anodic area of the pipeline systematically,the Zheneng Jinliwen pipeline was taken as the research object to establish a HVDC interference model using CatPro software based on the real soil structure.The pipe-to-ground current density was calculated under conditions involving different ground polarity,interference current and soil resistivity,and the ranges of the cathodic area and anodic area of the pipeline under such conditions were analyzed.Results showed that after the locations of the grounding electrode and the pipeline were determined,the demarcation point between the cathodic area and anodic area of the pipeline resulting from HVDC interference was fixed and not affected by external conditions.

Fe - Al intermetallic compounds (mainly refers to FeAl and Fe3Al) have attracted extensive attention due to the low cost, melting point close to cobalt, high strength - weight ratio, excellent corrosion and oxidation resistances, etc. In this paper, the methods of preparing Fe - Al based composites and their coatings using ceramic particles as the reinforcement phase as well as the high temperature friction and wear mechanism were introduced. The related research results showed that the ceramic reinforcement phase could not only improve the mechanical properties of Fe - Al based composites and their coatings, but also significantly improve the high temperature friction properties of the composites.

Objective： To explore the relationship between functional properties of rice glutelin fibril aggregates （RGFAs） solution formed by different storage and heating time. Methods: The RGFAs samples were prepared by heating rice glutelin （RG） at 85 ℃ and pH 2.0 for 2~15 h, and stored at 4 ℃ for 1 day and 4 days, respectively. The surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying property, shear viscosity of RGFAs samples as well as the gelatinization characteristics and hydrolysis rate of the mixture of RGFAs and starch were measured. Results: After storage at 4 ℃ for 4 days, the emulsifying properties were significantly improved. The surface hydrophobicity of RGFAs solution formed by heat treatment for 2~10 h decreased significantly （P＜0.05）, while the surface hydrophobicity of RGFAs solution formed after 15 h of heat treatment did not change significantly （P＞0.05）, and the shear viscosity of 15 h-RGFAs solution decreased. The gelatinization temperature of the mixture of starch and 2 h-RGFAs stored for 1 day was the lowest （83.98±0.08） ℃, and the hydrolysis rate of the mixture of starch and RGFAs samples stored for 1 day was lower than that of other samples. Conclusion: The inhibition of wheat starch hydrolysis by RGFAs samples stored for 1 day was better than that by RGFAs samples stored for 4 days.

Objiective: In presence of measurement uncertainty evaluation, the detection methods, with water-sodium chloride pretreatment, for health food was evaluated. Methods: A mathematical model was established to analysis of uncertainty sources. Then the individual components of uncertainty were evaluated. Finally, the combined uncertainty and extended uncertainty were calculated. Results: The uncertainty caused by several factors, including the fitting of the standard curve, the preparation of solution and standard, the repeatability of measurement, and the weigh of sample.The contents of mevastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin were 0.099 2, 0.101 0, 0.099 5 mg/kg in health foods, respectively. The relative combined standard uncertainties were about 0.003 2, 0.005 6, 0.005 1 mg/kg, k=2. Conclusion: Water-sodium chloride pretreatmen can reduce the interference of matrix and the uncertainty introduced by repeatability.

Objective: The effect of dried silver carp process on quality and safety was studied. Methods: Taking the fresh silver carp as the raw material, the curing concentration (NaCl), curing temperature, curing time, drying temperature and drying time as investigating factors, investigated the effects of different processing conditions on the rehydration rate, color, texture and AGEs formation. Results: The concentration of curing salt and drying temperature had significant effects on the sensory evaluation of dried fish products (P＜0.05), and the optimal processing conditions obtained were curing concentration of 9%, curing temperature of 4 ℃, curing time of 3 h, drying temperature of 60 ℃ and drying time of 24 h. The alkanes, aromatic compounds and sulfur-containing organic compounds contributed most to the flavor of dried fish. The dried fish products with a curing concentration of 9%, curing temperature of 4 ℃, curing time of 3 h, and drying temperature of 60 ℃ had better retention of flavor substances. The samples became yellowish in color, less bright and harder, which was reflected in sensory changes as dried fish products with golden color, firm texture and non-flabby tissue. The content of carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) increased with increasing salt content. However, the differences in CML and CEL of dried fish under 3% and 9% salt concentration curing were not significant. Conclusion: The dried fish products with curing concentration of 9%, curing temperature of 4 ℃, curing time of 3 h, drying temperature of 60 ℃ and drying time of 24 h are the optimal products. This study provides technical support for the processing and safety control of dried silver carp.