Search

Qinghai Province, as a core component of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, shares similar geological and geomorphological formations as well as an evolutionary history of its natural ecosystem with the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Within Qinghai, there exist 97 families, 595 genera, and 3 558 species of wild seed plants. Based on the author's extensive field research and data accumulation, this article presents a classification and analysis of the distribution area types of all plant families, genera, and species in Qinghai. The key findings are as follows: (1) Qinghai hosts all 15 areal-types described in Mr. Wu Zhengyi's "Distribution Area Types of Chinese Seed Plant Genera" indicating the richness of its floral components and the complexity and diversity of its ecological and geographical environment. (2) Tropical types, primarily represented by pan-tropical distributions, are characterized by marginal distribution within Qinghai, with the absence of woody types. (3) At the genus level, the core components of Qinghai's flora are predominantly warm-cold genera gen originating from the Northern temperate zone and East Asia. However, at the species level, species distributed in Temperate Asia and East Asia dominate. (4) The unique Chinese type of flora in Qinghai reflects its close affinity with the flora of Southwest China (Hengduan Mountains) and the Himalayas, and exhibits distinct alpine flora characteristics of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. (5) The southwest and northern floras of China have great influences on Qinghai with different extents. (6) Qinghai has three distinct ecological zones in Qinghai: the warm and humid Qilian Mountains, the alpine southern Qinghai Plateau, and the temperate and arid Qaidam Basin, and each zone exhibits distinct and prominent characteristics. Intersection of the three zones reveals the transitional nature of the flora. (7) The terminal or marginal distribution areas of many plant species in Qinghai are particularly evident, marked by the westernmost extent of their distribution ranges and the highest altitudinal limits. (8) Qinghai's flora exhibits a youthful and derived taxonomic nature, primarily consisting of perennial herbaceous species and a paucity of woody types. This analysis concludes that Qinghai's flora is dominated by northern temperate components, particularly those endemic to the temperate and cold zones of Eurasia. Qinghai possesses the temperate flora attributes of warmth, cold, and alpine types, reflecting the complexity of its flora. For the first time in China, a "species-level" distribution area type system for wild seed plants in Qinghai has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a kind of green and clean energy, geothermal resources are new and renewable and play an important role in the future energy frame. Due to the unique tectonic location and intense fault activities, there exist favorable geological conditions for the formation and flow of geothermal water in Yunnan Province, especially in its western area, so geothermal resources are very rich. In order to analyze the structural factors of the distribution of geothermal resources in Eryuan county, Yunnan Province, this study focuses on two basic topics of the structural characteristics and fracture development mechanism of the key fault zones in Eryuan county, and selects several hot springs as research objects in Sanying town, etc. Through field geological surveys, this study calculates the stress -strain properties of different faults and predicts the fracture distribution under the background of different faults and multiple fault combinations, based on which a three-dimensional spatial model of the fault structures and hot springs in the study area has been established, showing the spatial relationship between the faults and geothermal energy in the county. The study results on the faults show that there are many large fault zones developed in Eryuan county, mainly including Weixi-Qiaohou fault, Longpan-Qiaohou fault, Luopingshan fault, Heqing-Eryuan fault, Nandaping fault, Beipai-Zhengshengcun fault, etc. The fault trend is mainly NW-SE, with characteristics of multi-stage tectonic activity. Many scratches, steps and structural breccia can be found in the field, with obvious "compression-torsional" or "tension-torsional" characteristics. Several faults are cut and transformed by late tensile faults, and have typical "flower structure" on the cross sections. On the plane, the tectonic deformation in the west of the Beipai-Zhengshengcun fault is mainly ductile-brittle deformation in early tectonic uplift period. The area to the east of this fault is mainly brittle deformation, and the Neo-tectonic movement is manifested by obvious tectonic performance. The theoretical calculation results show that the footwall of normal faults and the hanging wall of thrust faults have large normal stress values and shear stress values. During the formation and evolution of the faults, the two strata mostly form tractive anticlines, and the top of these anticlines are generally in an extensional stress state. Under the effect of gravity and other stresses of the overlying strata, the footwall of normal faults and the hanging wall of thrust faults are more likely to develop fractures near the faults, providing geological space for the flow or accumulation of hot spring water. The analyses of the distribution of surface hot springs in Eryuan county show that the hot springs are mostly distributed in the areas with favorable fractures. The hot springs in Niujie town in the north of Eryuan county are located in the hanging wall of Heqing-Eryuan (thrust) fault zone, and at the intersection of late extensional faults. The outcrops of these hot springs are at relatively low altitudes. The hot springs near Eryuan county are located at the hanging wall of thrust fault (i.e. Beipai-Zhengshengcun faults), the arc turning of the fault, and the plane intersection of the NE secondary fault and the main fault. The hot springs in Sanying town are located at the intersection of Nandaping fault and multiple sets of normal faults in the northeast direction, at the foot wall of Nandaping fault at a relatively low altitude. A number of hot spring outcrops on the west side of Yousuo town are in beaded distribution on the plane, consistent with the north-south strike-slip faults (i.e., the Xunjiancun fault), and are located at the middle and south ends of the strike-slip faults, both of which are the intersection of the strike-slip faults and the north-east faults. To sum up, faults have an obvious control effect on the hot springs in Eryuan county. The big cutting depths of large strike-slip faults are conductive to the communication of the deep heat source. That is to say, as important channels for the upwelling of deep magma, these faults are geologically manifested that a number of magmatic intrusions or veins are distributed along strike-slip faults, with relatively high geothermal gradients. In the later stage, a large number of tensile faults are developed, generally in the northeast direction. Most of them are "open", and some of the transverse sections of the faults can be characterized by V-shaped structures. Hot spring water can generate underground runoff along the tensile faults. Since the footwall and hanging wall of the normal faults can be classified as fracture development zones, hot springs can be concentrated in these fracture zones, at the intersection of faults with different directions and at the pinch-outs of faults. Under the comprehensive influence of multiple factors such as altitude and Quaternary, hot water is exposed to the surface to form hot spring spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geology & Resources is the property of Geology & Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The adjacent area of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi provinces, termed the “Golden Triangle”, is one of the world-famous Carlin-type gold ore concentration areas. Previous metallogenic research in this area mainly focuses on the mineralization at the edge of the carbonate platform. However, it rarely involves the interior of the carbonate platform, so the ore body emplacement factors and ore-controlling models are still unclear within the platform. The Longhuo gold deposit, a typical gold deposit located at the platform’s interior in the western Guangxi, was analyzed in detail; the ore-controlling structure and model were fundamentally constructed. The results show that the structures of Longhuo gold deposit can be divided into three periods. (1) The first period is Hercynian sedimentary, which forms the NE-trending F0 syngenetic fault and the platform-trench paleogeographic pattern with the thin-layer siliceous rock-mudstone-siltstone components; the lithology provides the stratigraphic conditions for the formation of the deposit. (2) The second period is Indosinian orogenic, which forms the Longhuo dome and NW-trending Mohao secondary anticline; the anticline provides favorable tectonic conditions for the mineralization. (3) The third period is Yanshan metallogenic characterized by the reactivation of fault F0, which is the main hydrothermal fluid migration channel in the mine area. A large number of parallel secondary normal faults and associated traction folds develop on its western side, and gradually weaken into joints and cleavage zones to the west. These secondary fault-joint-cleavage zones together form the ore-allocating tectonic system of the mine area, guiding the ore-forming fluids to replace and filling the siliciclastic-carbonaceous mudstones and tuffs of Lower Carboniferous Yingtang Formation in Mohao secondary anticline core to form bedded ore bodies. Therefore, the Longhuo gold ore body is jointly controlled by lithology and tectonics. According to the metallogenic model, combined with geophysics-geochemistry-remote sensing data, it is predicted that near the western side of the NE-trending fault F0, the secondary anticline core of the deep part of Longhuo gold deposit is the favorable prospecting target. The ore-bearing stratum is Lower Carboniferous Yingtang Formation. The intersection of fault F0 and the core of Longhuo dome is the favorable prospecting target for mineralization in the periphery of Lower Devonian Yujiang Formation, especially near the unconformity in contact with Cambrian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Remote Sensing for Natural Resources is the property of Remote Sensing for Natural Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oil Drilling & Production Technology / Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi is the property of Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi Bianjibu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quality of geological mapping lies in reasonable determination of mapping units of different levels. The compositions of subduction accretionary complex zone are mainly derived from the structure-formation of oceanic lithosphere in ocean basin under various tectonic environments, including oceanic ridge formation (ophiolite), abyssal plain formation, oceanic island-seamount formation, intra-oceanic arc formation, trench formation and high-ultrahigh pressure rock formation. Besides, there are also rifted block formation, high-ultrahigh pressure rock formation, continental margin magmatic arc formation and wedge-top basin formation derived from continental lithosphere which are mixed into the subduction accretionary complex zone. Therefore, it is basic to identify and determine the geological formations of different sources for mapping unit division and compilation. Based on the scientific objective of distinguishing different material sources in subduction accretionary complex zone, the mapping units are divided into three levels: subduction accretionary complex zone (first-level unit), slice (second-level unit) and rock block and matrix (third-level unit) which are divided and named with the requirements for code, coloring and lithologic pattern. The paper briefly describes the requirements of graphic expression of structural deformation in subduction accretionary complex zone, and emphasizes that the structural deformations during subduction and collision are the two major deformation periods, thus the mapping must be reasonable and accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The formation and dynamics of slope runoff as karst aquifer recharge process are rarely described specially for the karst area of South China. A spring which discharge epikarst in Yaji experimental site was selected as the research point. The hydrological and hydrochemical dynamic process under different precipitation conditions were obtained through multi-parameter monitoring for a hydrological year. Understanding the dynamic characteristics of runoff formation conditions as well as water source composition of slope flow were formed using hydrological and hydrochemical analyzes. According research there are strong seasonal changes which reflected on the hydrological processes for slope runoff. The total duration of low water level is half of the year, the continuous duration is more than 3 months, and more than 40 days are continuous dry-up throughout one hydrological period. All this indicates instability and variability in slope runoff, and it is necessary to apply certain measures in regulating this process. The hydrochemical dynamics controlled by carbonate dissolution show the merging of runoff from different geological formation. The oscillation of electrical conductivity as well as other indicators show that the runoff formed in bare rock surface plays vary important role. According to the geological structure of slope area regulation through three approaches is proposed: reducing runoff leakage in bare rock area; improving permeability of the epikarst zone; exploring karst conduits in dolines. These measures will help to increase the storage capacity of water tank and improve the utilization efficiency of runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Longtan formation is the main coal seam in North East exploration area, No. 9 coal seam locate in the middle of Longtan formation, its structure is simple, and contains about zero to three dirt bands, zero to one dirt band is in the majority. The lithology is carbon mudstone or mudstone. In general, the coal seam is stable, with obvious varied thickness in some areas. Analyse the physical characteristics and coal lithotypes. The granular powder is the main component, followed by bulk. The coal seam has metallic luster, the strip is the main structure. The macrolithotype of coal is clarain, the microlithotype of coal is vitrinertite. The proximate analysis and elemental analysis of No. 9 coal seam show that, the raw coal is low-ash, ultralow volatile and chlorine, medium to high fixed carbon, medium to high sulfur, low phosphorus and fluorine. The tare dispersion elements can't reach the lowest industrial grade, so the coal seam is unprofitable. The characteristics of raw coal show that, the No. 9 coal seam is No. 3 anthracite, high calorific value, medium slag bonding, extremely grinding. The washability is medium to ultradifficult. Based on the properties of each coal seam, it can be used in the field of power generation, building, heat supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the gas generation characteristics of coal measures source rock during the high evolution stage, which cannot be investigated by the common pyrolysis equipment, the TG-MS (thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry) equipment was employed to study the pyrolysis products characteristics of coal, and then hydrocarbon gases generation kinetic behaviors were investigated. The results show that the mass loss of coal can reach 40%, and can be divided into three stages; moisture and adsorbed gas loss, macromolecule bond cracking loss and the poly-condensation of the aromatic structure loss. Methane starts to generate at about 300 °C, and its generating rate reaches the highest value when the temperature reaches 480 °C. The termination temperature of methane is about 850 °C, which is higher than that of other hydrocarbon gases. The aromatic and aliphatic products are controlled by chemical reactions with the same functional groups, and the benzene evolution curve shows double peaks. Kinetic model parameters of hydrocarbon gases from coal degradation and the geological application results show that the generation activation energy increases with the decrease of gas molecular weight, and the lower molecular weight of hydrocarbon gas, the later of the generation time. The hydrocarbon gas generation history also shows that the gas generation time is long and no major generation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]