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The powerful image analysis and statistical capabilities of computers can effectively solve problems such as insufficient precision in clastic rock particle size measurements and the heavy workload during the process. The MATLAB programming language was employed to process the samples of the Zhoutian Formation in the Upper Cretaceous of the Huichang Basin through techniques such as grayscale transformation, binarization, adaptive median filtering, and color annotation, accurately measuring their grain size parameters. The results indicate the following. The average grain size obtained using MATLAB,s direct calculation method and the graphical method are 4. 008φ and 3. 103φ, respectively. The standard deviations are 0. 8φ and 0. 803φ, the skewness values are - 0. 195φ and - 0. 041φ, and the kurtosis values are 0. 911φ and 0. 916φ. The standard deviation and kurtosis errors are small, allowing for mutual substitution between the two calculation methods, while the standard deviation and skewness errors are relatively large, making them unsuitable for mutual substitution. Both MATLAB,s direct calculation method and microscopic rock mineral identification indicate a relatively poor roundness of the Zhoutian Formation as a whole, with angular to sub-angular clastic particles. The sedimentary environment discrimination formula reflects the formation of the Zhoutian Formation in a fluvial depositional environment, consistent with the geological background and microscopic observation results. Through the MATLAB programming language, it is possible to accurately identify particle outlines and calculate various parameters in clastic rocks, providing great convenience for sediment grain size research, eliminating subjective interference, and improving work efficiency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]