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Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China: (1) To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030) is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF; (2) To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation; (3) To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets; (4) To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole; (5) To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zelkova serrata is a kind of precious trees belonging to Zelkova of Ulmaceae which has a wide distribution range in China, high ornamental value, and good ecological adaptability. Due to the lack of resource protection and development for a long time, and the breeding of superior plants cannot keep up with the market demand, causing that the destruction of wild germplasm resources is serious, the cultivars with independent intellectual property rights are lacking, and the utilization of excellent local resources is insufficient. In order to guide the in-depth research and rational development of Zelkova serrata and promote its popularization and application in landscaping, in this paper, research on the germplasm resources of Zelkova serrata at home and abroad was comprehensively reviewed in terms of geographical distribution, population dynamics, biological characteristics, breeding and cultivation, genetic characteristics and breeding of improved varieties, as well as garden applications. And the future research directions of Zelkova serrata was also prospected. The results showed that factors restricting the application and popularization of Zelkova serrata in the domestic market were the immature breeding technology and the relative lag in genetic breeding. In the future, more research and investment should be focused on the aspects such as promotion of the natural reproduction mechanism, enhancement of collection and protection of germplasm resources of Zelkova serrata, intensification of breeding for Zelkova serrata, improvement of vegetative propagation technology of Zelkova serrata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological germplasm resources are strategic resources to ensure national food security, ecological security and human health security, etc. This paper briefly introduces the development of the construction layout, sample preservation, integration and confluence submission of biological germplasm resource banks in China, and the national technology deployment supported by the construction of information platforms. The challenges faced by the biological germplasm resource banks and construction of their information platforms in China were analyzed, and some suggestions for the future development were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-heading Chinese cabbage originated in China. It is a popular vegetable widely planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with extremely rich germplasm resources, short growth cycle, high yield and rich nutrients. In the paper, based on the six varieties of non-heading Chinese cabbage, excellent germplasm resources, the development and application of breeding technology, the research progress and existing problems of genetic breeding technology and molecular biology of non-heading Chinese cabbage were discussed. To solve these problems, we suggest continuing to collect germplasm resources at the edge of the original habitat of non-heading Chinese cabbage and create more breeding materials in terms of germplasm resources, strengthening the research on genome-based molecular design breeding technology in terms of breeding technology, and establishing an efficient system of genetic transformation and gene editing in non-heading Chinese cabbage in terms of molecular biology. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the creation of new varieties of non-heading Chinese cabbage and the research of molecular biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to illustrate the potential utilization of the gene of resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, so as to provide reference for enriching genetic base of rice breeding.【Method】A total of 102 rice cultivars were used to screen by molecular marker for the gene xa5, which mediated the resistance for both for resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak. The parents carrying xa5 gene and having good resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak were used as resistant sources to cross with susceptible cultivated rice. Through pedigree method and molecular marker-assisted selection（MAS）, elite hybrid rice restorer lines were cultivated. The excellent restorer lines and sterile lines were combined with strong heterosis combinations to analyze the resistance and comprehensive agronomic traits of strong heterosis combinations.【Result】A total of 17 cultivars were screened, which carried xa5 gene from 102 rice germplasm resources（materials）. Among these cultivars, DP3, IRBB5, N36, N776, N777, N779 and P89 were well resistant to both bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak. An elite line Y240-1 was selected from the cross between DP3 and 9311. Moreover, 998 R was crossed with elite individual Y240-1. With molecular MAS, an elite restorer line Yexiangzhan with xa5 was developed from the cross of 998 R and Y240-1, after multiple generations of selfing. Yexiangzhan was combined with sterile line Pingfeng A to produce an elite hybrid cultivar Pingfengyouxiangzhan, which showed higher resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in comparison with Pingfeng A. Pingfengyouxiangzhan was resistant to rice blast at moderate level and meet the 2nd class standard of fine quality issued by Ministry of Agriculture of China.【Conclusion】xa5 gene with resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice has partial dominant effect, which can be used for breeding improvement of hybrid rice; It is helpful to enrich and broaden the genetic basis of rice breeding by cultivating the superior hybrid combinations of rice with moderate resistance to bacterial blight and stripe disease with wild rice blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-heading Chinese cabbage originated in China. It is a popular vegetable widely planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with extremely rich germplasm resources, short growth cycle, high yield and rich nutrients. In the paper, based on the six varieties of non-heading Chinese cabbage, excellent germplasm resources, the development and application of breeding technology, the research progress and existing problems of genetic breeding technology and molecular biology of non-heading Chinese cabbage were discussed. To solve these problems, we suggest continuing to collect germplasm resources at the edge of the original habitat of non-heading Chinese cabbage and create more breeding materials in terms of germplasm resources, strengthening the research on genome-based molecular design breeding technology in terms of breeding technology, and establishing an efficient system of genetic transformation and gene editing in non-heading Chinese cabbage in terms of molecular biology. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the creation of new varieties of non-heading Chinese cabbage and the research of molecular biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape ( Vitis vinifera),is one of the most important fruit trees, and the genetic breeding of grape has been paid much attention. Due to the long childhood and high genetic heterozygosity, traditional cross breeding takes a long time and low efficiency. Therefore, by constructing grape genetic linkage map and locating quantitative traits loci (QTL), we can analyze the relationship between molecular markers and phenotype in grape hybrid population, select breeding parents more pertinently, early identify future hybrid population, carry out marker assisted selectio (MAS), and speed up the breeding process. With the development of molecular biology and genome sequencing technology, more and more QTL had been analyzed since gene mapping was carried out in 2000. This paper reviewed the QTL mapping of important genes found in grape in recent 20 years, such as downy mildew resistance, powdery mildew resistance, phylloxera resistance, berry size, seedless, skin color and so on, and focused on the mapping of Myb gene related to grape color traits and its application in MAS, in order to explore the key genes related to the formation and regulation of resistance and quality traits in grape germplasm resources, promote the progress of grape molecular designed breeding, which would contribute to the rapid improvement of grape breeding level in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]