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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Stroke is the property of Chinese Journal of Stroke Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a neuropsychiatrie disorder characterized by the presence of neurological symptoms in the absence of any neurological abnormality that can be linked to a known pathology. There is currently limited research available regarding diagnosis and treatment of FND in children and adolescents. Pediatricians and neurologists have insufficient understanding of the disease. Patients have often been misdiagnosed, correctly diagnosed after lengthy delays, or lead to inappropriate treatments. This paper reviews the pertinent clinical and historical features, diagnostic criteria, and multi- disciplinary management of FND in the pediatric population, in order to improve clinical understanding of the disease as well as its diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of atypical Rett syndrome and developmental epileptic encephalopathy caused by IQSEC2 gene variation. Methods and Results From May 2020 to April 2022, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital diagnosed and treated 4 children with atypical Rett syndrome and developmental epileptic encephalopathy caused by IQSEC2 gene variation, including 2 males and 2 females were a pair of identical twins. They all had comprehensive developmental delay before onset. At the age of 2 years, all cases gradually exhibited clinical manifestations of atypical Rett syndrome, such as frequent clapping, biting, sleep disorders (increased sleep or difficulty falling asleep), and grinding teeth, followed by developmental regression and seizures. The initial age of epilepsy was from 2 years and 2 months to 2 years and 10 months. All cases started with generalized tonic-clonic seizure, with epileptic spasm occurring between 2 and 11 months of course. Case 2, Case 3 and Case 4 were also accompanied by focal seizures. Four cases with VEEG background of 4-6 Hz θ wave, the VEEG during the interictal phase was a broad multifocal sharp slow complex wave. In Case 2, Case 3 and Case 4, MRI was abnormal, mainly with increased depth of cerebral hemispheric sulcus and gyrus. The whole exome sequencing suggested pathogenicity and possible pathogenic variations in the IQSEC2 gene, Case 1 and Case 2 were frameshift mutations of c. 608dup (p. Gln204Profs*35), while Case 3 and Case 4 were nonsense mutations of c.2231C>A (p.Ser744Ter) and c.2521C>T (p. Gln841Ter), respectively. The four mutation sites have not been reported domestically or internationally. All cases received treatment with multiple antiepileptic seizure medicine. The last follow-up age was from 4 years and 3 months to 6 years and 3 months. All cases were unable to walk alone and had no active language. There were no seizures in Case 1 for 3 years, occasional seizures in Case 2 and Case 4, and frequent seizures in Case 3. Conclusions IQSEC2 gene variation can manifest as atypical Rett syndrome, which can be accompanied by refractory epileptic spasms. Both males and females have severe phenotypes, and the severity of clinical phenotypes at the same mutation site varies. Our report enriches the variation spectrum and clinical phenotype spectrum of the IQSEC2 gene, expands the genetic spectrum of Rett syndrome and developmental epileptic encephalopathy, and provides value for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and subsequent research of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveCongenital heart disease （CHD） is a common birth defect in children， with its incidence increasing annually. Because of their special health status， the vaccination situation for children with CHD has become a focal point of attention. This paper systematically reviews the current status of vaccination among children with CHD in China to identify existing issues in vaccination efforts for children with CHD， provide guidance for increasing vaccination rates among children with CHD， reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases， and provide ideas for subsequent research.MethodsLiterature on the vaccination of children with CHD in China was searched in both Chinese and English databases， including CNKI， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， VIP， Chinese Biomedical and Web of Science， PubMed， EmBase， and the Cochrane Library. Relevant literature was identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria， and data extraction was carried out to summarize the research results.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included. Three articles focusing on expert consensus （guideline recommendations） for vaccination of children with CHD in China all agreed that vaccination is both feasible and necessary for children with CHD. Systematic analysis found that the overall timely vaccination rate for children with CHD was between 34% and 50%， with a notable delay in vaccination. However， after professional outpatient assessment， the vast majority of children with CHD were advised to be vaccinated according to the national recommended schedule， with only about 2% of them being advised to delay vaccination. The proportion of children with CHD who reported suspected adverse events following immunization （AEFI） was low and not significantly different from that of healthy/control children.ConclusionThe safety of vaccinations for children with CHD in China is relatively high， but the total timely vaccination rate is currently low. In order to improve the coverage and timeliness of vaccination in children with CHD， it is recommended that relevant departments provide vaccination policy support. There is a lack of research on the effectiveness of vaccination in children with CHD， so further studies are urgently needed to further improve the vaccination strategy for children with CHD in China.

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

儿童卒中是临床常见的危急症，是儿童致残和死亡的主要原因之一，病因复杂多样，其中心源性卒中不容忽视。三尖瓣下移畸形是一种少见的先天性心脏病，主要累及三尖瓣和右心室，少数可合并房间隔缺损或卵圆孔未闭引起矛盾栓塞，导致心源性卒中发生。本文报道1例由三尖瓣下移畸形合并房间隔缺损引起儿童卒中的病例，超声心动图技术有助于该类疾病的明确诊断、严重度评估以及其他异常的识别。 Abstract: Childhood stroke is a common critical disease, and is one of the main causes of disability and death in children. Its etiology is complex and diverse, meanwhile, cardiogenic stroke cannot be ignored. Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease, mainly involving the tricuspid valve and the right ventricle, and a few patients may combine with atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale, which leads cardiogenic stroke because of paradoxical embolism. This paper reported a case of childhood stroke caused by Ebstein’s anomaly combined with atrial septal defect. Echocardiography techniques can help to clarify the diagnosis, assess severity and identify other abnormalities.

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Protestant missionaries to China translated a sizable number of western works of Christian children's fiction. These texts not only expand the literary imagination of Chinese readers but also provide invaluable primary materials for the study of children's literature and translation history in modern China. An le jia, a representative work in this corpus, is the Chinese translation of a best-selling Victorian evangelical novel, Christie's Old Organ; or, Home Sweet Home. Published in 1882 in Shanghai, An le jia became a leading text in Christian Sunday Schools and was widely distributed in late-Qing China. The protagonists, Treffy and Christie, were homeless wanderers suffering from poverty, loneliness, fear and disease. Imagining an other-worldly paradise and thirsting for a heavenly home became something positive in their lives and a spiritual pursuit. It is worth noting that this work demonstrates a vivid artistic creation, as shown in the visual, auditory and psychological representation through image, music and dream. Being a pioneering critical study of An le jia, this paper discusses the ways in which the translated text colorfully expresses and re-constructs the other-worldly imagination of the late-Qing Chinese readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of New Medicine is the property of Sun Yat Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarized the nursing experience of a child with electrolyte disturbance after craniopharyngioma resection. Postoperative children with craniopharyngioma are prone to electrolyte disorders, and children in serious condition may have demyelination and other symptoms, directly affecting the prognosis. Medical staff should take close observation of the vital signs and consciousness, accurately record the fluid intake and output, monitor changes of body temperature, and reduce secondary damage caused by electrolyte disorders. The diet nursing should be carried out in combination with Traditional Chinese Medicine emotional nursing. (本文总结1例儿童颅咽管瘤切除术后患儿出现电解质紊乱的护理经验。颅咽管瘤切除术后患儿容易出现电解质紊乱, 严重者可出现脱髓鞘等症状, 直接影响预后效果。医护人员应严密观察患者生命体征和意识, 准确记录出入量, 监测体温变化, 减少电解质紊乱带来的继发损害; 同时给予饮食护理, 实施中医情志护理。)

Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of potassium channel gene variation in infant epileptic encephalopathy (EE). Methods and Results A total of 11 infants with EE associated with potassium channel gene variation admitted to Hu'nan Children's Hospital from July 2016 to January 2020 were tested by the next generation sequencing (NGS). The variants and their sources were verified by Sanger sequencing. The clinical phenotype included epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS, 4 cases), Ohtahara's syndrome (OS, 2 cases), infantile spasm (IS, 2 cases) and nonspecific EE (3 cases). There were 8 cases of new genetic variation and 3 cases of genetic variation (all from mothers). The variation types were KCNQ2 gene variation (5 cases), KCNT1 gene variation (4 cases) and KCNB1 gene variation (2 cases). Several antiepileptic seizure medicine (ASM) were used in combination therapy, and some of the infants were assisted with ketogenic diet (3 cases). After a mean follow-up of 19 months, 3 cases were completely free of seizures, one case was effective, 7 cases were ineffective, and 11 cases were all left with mental retardation and movement disorders. Conclusions Potassium channel gene variation is a common genetic cause of EE in infants, which can cause different clinical phenotypes. Genetic testing can assist in the etiological diagnosis and provide theoretical basis for precise treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper observed the effect of unblocking stuffy orifice and scraping technique in a child with allergic rhinitis of Qi deficiency of lung and spleen Key issues of nursing assessment, routine nursing, acupoint selection, operation method and precautions of scraping technique were summarized. According to the syndrome differentiation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), unblocking stuffy orifice and scraping technique was used in the corresponding parts, in order to relieve the clinical symptoms. The unblocking stuffy orifice and scraping technique is safe, free of side effects and easy to be accepted by children. (本研究总结1例采用局部通窍刮痧技术治疗肺脾气虚型变应性鼻炎(AR)患儿的护理经验, 包括护理评估、刮痧取穴、刮痧操作方法、刮痧注意事项以及常规护理等。根据中医辨证, 在相应部位采用局部通窍刮痧技术, 患儿的临床症状明显得到缓解。局部通窍刮痧技术绿色、安全、无副作用、易为患儿接受。)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under the background of the new era，popular science books for children help to cultivate the scientific spirit of children readers，and also help to improve the scientific literacy and awareness of the whole nation. Based on the analysis of the connotation of popular earthquake science books for children，this paper compares the knowledge content and expression form of the main books at home and abroad，and analyzes the problems and shortcomings of the current popular earthquake science books for children. And then the innovative development path of children’s earthquake popular science books in China under the background of the new era is put forward. Specifically，it includes the establishment of the priority development principle of “children oriented”, innovating the expression form and thinking mode of popular science reading materials，focusing the popular science plot and thinking of “perfectionism”, and enhancing the training of children’s earthquake popular science writing team，etc.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and its prevalence has been increasing during the recent years, which has posed a great impact on the families of the patients and society. Epidemiological studies have found that environmental exposure factors have an important impact on the occurrence and development of ASD, including pesticides, heavy metals, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, phenols, and air pollution. This paper focused on the relationship between environmental exposure to the above mentioned typical environmental exposure factors and the occurrence of ASD, in order to provide reference for related research of ASD.

This paper introduced the design of the infographic templates for health education and nursing of children with medulloblastoman. The infographic templates is able to increase children interest in learning and reduce reduce the nurse workload, and will help nurses to carry out health education and health guidance for children with medulloblastoma. (本文介绍一种新型髓母细胞瘤健康教育宣传图册, 通过图册增加患儿的学习兴趣, 减轻护士工作量, 以此为护士临床健康宣教和患儿的健康指导提供参考。)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective·To analyze the clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characteristics of CIC-rearranged sarcoma (CRS) in children to improve the understanding of small round cell sarcoma newly proposed in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours. Methods·Data of 54 patients with small round cell undifferentiated sarcoma diagnosed in Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to April 2021 were collected. Five cases of pediatric CRS with complete clinical, imaging, pathological and follow-up data were selected to analyze their clinicopathological features. Results·There were 3 males and 2 females in the 5 CRS patients aged from 5 months to 10 years. There were 3 asymptomatic children, and chest and back pain and projectile vomiting were the first symptoms in 2 cases respectively. All CT images showed cystic, solid or mixed irregular soft tissue masses of varying sizes. Histopathological examination showed that the average maximum diameter of the tumor was 12.5 cm, and the cut surface was grayish white or grayish brown, with the appearance of rotten fish flesh. The histopathology was mainly distributed in small round diffuse sheets. Immunohistochemistry showed CD99 diffuse membrane positive or focal positive, WT1 diffuse nuclear positive, and BCL2, CD56, FLI1 and ERG expressed to varying degrees. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test showed that EWSR1 (22q12) was negative and CIC (19q13) gene was rearranged. Meanwhile, some children also had CIC fusion gene mutations, including 2 CICDUX4 fusion cases and 1 CIC-NUTM1 fusion case. All patients were treated with surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow-up data were available in all the five cases (mean 21.4 months); one patient died of disease, whereas two patients were alive with unresectable recurrent tumour, and the remaining two patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Conclusion·Pediatric CRS is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor with asymptomatic or non-specific symptoms, easy metastasis and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry combined with EWSR1 and CIC rearrangement-related molecular examination is helpful for the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcomatoid soft tissue tumors, and further detection of CIC fusion gene may be helpful for prognosis estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Oncology is the property of Editorial Board of China Oncology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among many factors affecting dental caries, bacteria are its initiating factor. From the perspective of ecological plaque hypothesis, the application of modern molecular biology methods enable scholars to deeply explore the relationship between the microbial population distribution, biodiversity, microbial community changes of dental plaque biofilm and the occurrence of dental caries in children. The decrease in microflora diversity is closely related to the occurrence of dental caries, which can be detected as early as 6 months before the occurrence of dental caries, providing an important basis for caries monitoring and caries risk assessment. Differential bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Veillonella may be used as biomarkers of caries in children to judge the risk of caries in children. However, current studies have shown that the dominant bacteria in the microbial community structure vary in different processes of caries occurrence and development, that the interaction between different flora is still not clear, and that the specific cariogenic mechanism of the oral plaque microbial community in the process of caries occurrence and development has not been clarified. Further research is still needed to explore the changes in plaque microbial diversity and composition during the development of dental caries and to screen specific dental caries biomarkers. This paper also summarizes the related research findings.

Copyright of NCTU Law Review is the property of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, School of Law & Taiwan Technology Law Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarized the nursing experience of external treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in treating chalazion in children, including routine care, ear-tip bloodletting, Chinese herbal medicine hot compress, etc. The TCM external treatment, characterized by easy–to-use, obvious efficacy and high patient acceptance, is effect to relieve the inflammatory response caused by chalazion. (本文总结耳尖放血联合中药热敷治疗小儿霰粒肿的相关经验, 包括常规护理、耳尖放血操作方法、中药组方以及热敷方法等。中医外治法操作简单、疗效明显, 且具有较好的依从性, 能够有效缓解霰粒肿炎症反应, 减轻患儿痛苦。)

Objective To investigate the value of blood concentration monitoring of 10 - monohydroxy carbamazepine (MHD), the active metabolite of oxcarbazepine (OXC), in the treatment of childhood focal epilepsy. Methods A total of 110 children with focal epilepsy took OXC for 3 months and then the MHD concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The average dose of OXC in 110 children was (25.52 ± 7.28) mg/(kg ⋅ d) and the valley point concentration of MHD was 7.00 (4.95, 10.50) mg/L, and 89 cases (80.91%) < 12 mg/L. A linear relationship between MHD valley point concentration and OXC dose (r = 0.337, P = 0.000) was shown by Spearman rank correlation analysis. The dosage of OXC for older ( > 7 years) children was significantly lower than that of younger (≼ 7 years) children [(23.13 ± 5.56) mg/(kg ⋅ d) vs. (28.09 ± 8.06) mg/(kg ⋅ d); t = 3.778, P = 0.000], while there was no significant difference between the concentration of children with different sexes (t = 1.067, P = 0.288), between children with and without drug resistant epilepsy (DRE; t = 1.417, P = 0.159) and between monotherapy and combination drug therapy (t = 1.671, P = 0.098). The MHD valley point concentration in DRE group was lower than that of non-DRE group [6.32 (3.05, 8.58) mg/L vs. 8.30 (5.75, 10.85) mg/L; Z = 2.380, P = 0.017], while there was no significant difference between the concentration of children with different sexes (Z = 0.604, P = 0.546), between older and younger children (Z = 0.179, P = 0.858) and between monotherapy and combination drug therapy (Z = 1.583, P = 0.113). Conclusions There is a linear relationship between MHD steady state valley point concentration and the dose of OXC. To achieve the same MHD level, the younger children need to take a larger dose of OXC. When OXC is used to treat drug resistant focal epilepsy in children, the dosage should be adjusted according to the monitoring of blood concentration of MHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the safety of valproate (VPA) on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in children with epilepsy. Methods Retrieve relevant research from online databases (January 1, 1980-March 1, 2018) as PubMed, EBMASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with key words: epilepsy, bone, child. Selection of studies was performed according to pre - designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All data were pooled by RevMan 5.2 software for Meta- analysis. Results The research enrolled 1455 articles, from which 13 studies with NOS score ≽ 6 were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 683 children with epilepsy using VPA and 436 children in control group were included. Meta - analysis showed that comparing with control group, bone mineral density of lumbar (BMDL) in children treated with VPA has no significant difference (MD = - 0.019, 95% CI: - 0.044-0.006; P = 0.140), but there was a significant decrease in bone mineral density of femur (BMDF; MD = - 0.037, 95% CI: - 0.069-- 0.005, P = 0.020). There was no significant change in serum calcium (SMD = - 0.284, 95% CI: - 0.951-0.382; P = 0.400), phosphorus (SMD = - 0.164, 95%CI: - 0.457-0.129; P = 0.270), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; SMD = 0.363, 95%CI: - 0.294-1.020, P = 0.280), parathyroid hormone (PTH; SMD = 0.102, 95%CI: - 0.291-0.495, P =0.610) and 25 - hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D; SMD = - 0.104, 95%CI:- 0.620-0.413, P = 0.690] in bone metabolic markers. Sensitivity analysis showed Meta - analysis of BMDF, serum phosphorus and 25(OH)D was unstable, therefore, it should be cautious when explaining the results. Conclusions VPA has less effect on bone mineral density and bone metabolism, but for children with epilepsy using VPA, their BMDF should be monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is the transient central nervous system dysfunctional chronic encephalopathy caused by abnormal discharge of brain neurons. Of these, children and adolescents account for the majority. Physiology and psychology in adolescence are more specific than other age groups. This article intends to review the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a two-year study on picture book reading process involving a teacher and a group of children in Kinmen County. The aim was to explore how children create their interpretation of the story (the interpretive contexts applied by these children) when responding to questions posed in the discussion sessions, the teacher’s ways of participation, and other possible contextual influences. In the first year, two kindergarten teachers and 18 children read picture books together three times a week. In the second year, as children moved on to first grade, 12 of them continued to participate in monthly picture book reading sessions offered by the authors. A total of thirty audio-taped reading sessions were transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were devided by topics with every speaking turn coded. After a thorough inductive analysis, the authors constructed seven categories of children’s interpretive contexts and sorted out teacher’s ways of questioning, probing, and responding. The seven contexts in which the interpretation is drawn included life experiences, the story, common knowledge, the illustration, the author’s intention, compound contexts and others. The most frequently applied interpretive context by kindergarteners was life experiences, whereas the most frequently applied interpretive context by first-graders was the story. The interpretive contexts applied by first-graders were more diversified. Based on the long term observation, it is proposed that the reading culture and the teacher’s role contributed significantly to the development of these children’s diversified interpretive contexts. Lastly, the authors provided some practical suggestions on picture book reading activities and the analytic method for future studies.