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Malnutrition is common after stroke, usually caused by cognitive disorder, dysphagia, paralysis, sensorimotor disability and visual field defect. Many researches indicate that the initiation of early enteral nutrition in stroke patients would own enormous clinical benefits, including a decrease in the risk of death and infectious diseases, shorter hospital stay and lower health expenditure. However, irregular nutrition management could increase the incidence of hypostatic pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Therefore, both European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) recommended that nutrition screening and assessment and nutrition support be initiated as soon as possible, preferably within 24 h of hospital admission, to improve clinical outcomes. Chinese neurologists and patients have accepted this concept and have done many worthful studies in the past few years. This paper summarized the common methods of nutrition assessment and measurement of interstinal barrier function, in order to monitor the nutritional status of stroke patients, and push the establishment and improvement of nutrition support system for stroke patients in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma sponsored by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society in 2011, addresses the classification which is appropriate for resection specimens, small biopsies and cytology, respectively for the first time. For resection specimens, new concepts are introduced such as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA); Invasive adenocarcinomas are recommended to be classified by comprehensive histologic pattern. During the clinical practice, pathologists and clinicians have some confusions in understanding and application of to the new guideline to some extent. This paper will interpret this new guideline, discuss and analyze the issues that need to be noticed in clinical application.

Objective: To examine the effects of parenteral supplementation of glutamine dipeptide on the outcomes of surgical patients., Methods: The relevant data 1997 to March or May 2005 were retrieved from SCI, Medline, EMBASE, Chinese Cochrane Centre databases. The bibliographies of the retrieved papers and the personal file were searched as well. All the patients in the retrieved papers received parenteral nutrition, whether alanyl-glutamine dipeptide (Ala-Gln) was added was the only difference between the intervention and control groups. Methodological quality assessment was based on the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook and Jadad's Score Scale. Statistical software RevMan4.2 was used for meta-analysis. The data were treated by intention-to-treat method., Results: A total of 1074 relevant papers were screened. Thirteen prospective randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) from European & Asian studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten RCTs reported 355 cases of infectious complications showed that Ala-Gln administration significantly reduced the prevalence of infectious complications with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.42 (95% CI 0.24 - 0.72; P = 0.002). Eight studies with 273 cases reported the postoperative length of stay (LOS) and showed that Ala-Gln significantly reduced the postoperative LOS by 3.25 days (95% CI = -4.87 to -1.62; P = 0.00009). There was no significant effect of Ala-Gln on cost of hospitalization, though there was a trend to reduction (2 studies, pooled n = 52, P = 0.2)., Conclusion: Parenteral Ala-Gln significantly reduces the post-operative infectious morbidity and LOS among surgical patients.