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SDGSAT-1, the world's first science satellite dedicated to assisting the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, has been operational for over two and a half years. It provides valuable data to aid in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals internationally. Through its Open Science Program, the satellite has maintained consistent operations and delivered free data to scientific and technological users from 88 countries. This program has produced a wealth of scientific output, with 72 papers, including 28 on data processing methods and 44 on applications for monitoring progress toward SDGs related to sustainable cities, clean energy, life underwater, climate action, and clean water and sanitation. SDGSAT-1 is equipped with three key instruments: a multispectral imager, a thermal infrared spectrometer, and a glimmer imager, which have enabled ground-breaking research in a variety of domains such as water quality analysis, identification of industrial heat sources, assessment of environmental disaster impacts, and detection of forest fires. The precise measurements and ongoing monitoring made possible by this invaluable data significantly advance our understanding of various environmental phenomena. They are essential for making well-informed decisions on a local and global scale. Beyond its application to academic research, SDGSAT-1 promotes global cooperation and strengthens developing countries’ capacity to accomplish their sustainable development goals. As the satellite continues to gather and distribute data, it plays a pivotal role in developing strategies for environmental protection, disaster management and relief, and resource allocation. These initiatives highlight the satellite’s vital role in fostering international collaboration and technical innovation to advance scientific knowledge and promote a sustainable future.

Physicochemical analysis, headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-throughput sequencing were used to investigate the potential relationship between the microecology of different flavor types of Daqu and their physicochemical indexes and characteristic flavor compounds. The results showed that the highest saccharification power and fermentation power were found in Fen-flavor Daqu, the highest esterification power and starch content in Luzhou-flavor Daqu, and the highest acidity were found in Maotai-flavor Daqu. In the three types of Daqu, the dominant bacterial genera were Saccharopolyspora, Weissella and Bacillus, and the dominant fungal genera were Saccharomycopsis, Aspergillus and Thermomyces. Correlation analysis showed that Bacillus was positively correlated with saccharification power, liquefaction power, fermentation power, ethyl caprate and phenyl ethanol. Thermomyces was positively correlated with ethyl caproate, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, acetic acid and ligustrazine.

With the wide application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field, more and more AI-based clinical decision support systems have been applied in the clinical diagnosis, screening, and other fields. Early-stage clinical evaluation is important for evaluating the clinical performance, safety, and human factors of AI-based clinical decision support systems, and laying the foundation for large-scale trials. However, the transparency and integrity of the clinical reports need to be improved. The Developmental and Exploratory Clinical Investigations of DEcision Support Systems Driven by Artificial Intelligence (DECIDE-AI) was officially published online in May 2022. Based on this guideline and relative literature, this paper explores the transparent reporting of early-stage clinical evaluation of AI-based clinical decision support systems, in order to help developers and researchers better understand and apply the relevant guidelines, and improve the reporting transparency of early-stage clinical evaluation of AI-based clinical decision support systems.

Background Against the backdrop of global aging, the number of patients with chronic diseases is increasing, and the multimorbidity is becoming more severe. Traditionally, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes are mostly considered diseases of the elderly. However, with changes in lifestyle patterns such as the pace of life and diet, many diseases are showing a trend of rejuvenation. Recent studies have also shown that individuals who develop diabetes at a young age have an increased relative risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and higher mortality rates compared to the general population. Objective To investigate the burden of cardiovascular diseases attributed to diabetes among Chinese adults from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide evidence for comorbidity prevention. Methods Based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study data, indicators such as mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were used to assess the burden of cardiovascular diseases in China (including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease) attributed to diabetes. The analysis was stratified by age group (25-49 years, 50-69 years, ≥70 years) and gender, and the temporal trends in disease burden were finally analyzed. Results The number of cardiovascular disease deaths attributable to diabetes increased from 298 050 in 1990 to 700 340 in 2019 among people aged 25 years and older in China. The age-standardized mortality rate for CVD attributed to diabetes increased for males compared to 1990, while it decreased for females, with males consistently having higher rates than females. In 2019, the DALY for CVD attributed to diabetes was 13 585 850 person-years. The age-specific mortality rate and DALY rate increased with age. The downward trend in standardized DALY rate was more pronounced in females (EAPC=-0.32%, 95%CI=-0.49% to -0.11%) than in males (EAPC=-0.01%, 95%CI=-0.26% to 0.29%). The mortality and DALY rates for ischemic heart disease and peripheral arterial disease attributed to diabetes increased in the three age groups from 1990 to 2019, while the mortality rates for stroke attributed to diabetes declined in all three age groups in 2019 compared to 1990. The percentage of standardized DALY rates attributable to diabetes for the 3 cardiovascular diseases in cardiovascular disease fluctuated from 1990 to 2019. However, the percentage of standardized DALY rates for all 3 cardiovascular diseases attributable to diabetes was higher in 2019 than in 1990. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, there has been an overall increasing trend in the mortality and DALY rates of cardiovascular diseases attributed to diabetes among adults in China. Population is at greater risk for comorbidities of diabetes and CVD, emphasizing the need to focus on screening for CVD among individuals with diabetes or those at high risk of developing CVD. Emphasis should be placed on males, the elderly, and younger individuals with unhealthy lifestyle habits for early health interventions to reduce the burden of comorbidities.

ObjectiveWheat lodging is one of the key isuess threatening stable and high yields. Lodging detection technology based on deep learning generally limited to identifying lodging at a single growth stage of wheat, while lodging may occur at various stages of the growth cycle. Moreover, the morphological characteristics of lodging vary significantly as the growth period progresses, posing a challenge to the feature capturing ability of deep learning models. The aim is exploring a deep learning-based method for detecting wheat lodging boundaries across multiple growth stages to achieve automatic and accurate monitoring of wheat lodging.MethodsA model called Lodging2Former was proposed, which integrates the innovative hierarchical interactive feature pyramid network (HI-FPN ) on top of the advanced segmentation model Mask2Former. The key focus of this network design lies in enhancing the fusion and interaction between feature maps at adjacent hierarchical levels, enabling the model to effectively integrate feature information at different scales. Building upon this, even in complex field backgrounds, the Lodging2Former model significantly enhances the recognition and capturing capabilities of wheat lodging features at multiple growth stages.Results and DiscussionsThe Lodging2Former model demonstrated superiority in mean average precision (mAP) compared to several mainstream algorithms such as mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN), segmenting objects by locations (SOLOv2), and Mask2Former. When applied to the scenario of detecting lodging in mixed growth stage wheat, the model achieved mAP values of 79.5%, 40.2%, and 43.4% at thresholds of 0.5, 0.75, and 0.5 to 0.95, respectively. Compared to Mask2Former, the performance of the improved model was enhanced by 1.3% to 4.3%. Compared to SOLOv2, a growth of 9.9% to 30.7% in mAP was achieved; and compared to the classic Mask R-CNN, a significant improvement of 24.2% to 26.4% was obtained. Furthermore, regardless of the IoU threshold standard, the Lodging2Former exhibited the best detection performance, demonstrating good robustness and adaptability in the face of potential influencing factors such as field environment changes.ConclusionsThe experimental results indicated that the proposed HI-FPN network could effectively utilize contextual semantics and detailed information in images. By extracting rich multi-scale features, it enabled the Lodging2Former model to more accurately detect lodging areas of wheat across different growth stages, confirming the potential and value of HI-FPN in detecting lodging in multi-growth-stage wheat.

Taking the point contact gear with circular-parabola configuration as the research object, based on the Adams dynamic analysis software, dynamic characteristics and the variable law of tooth surfaces are studied in this study. Firstly, according to space meshing theory, tooth surfaces equation of the point contact gear with circular-parabola configuration is derived, and three-dimensional solid models of gear pairs are established by the given design parameters. Secondly, the virtual prototype of point contact gears with circular-parabola configuration is established utilizing Adams software. Through simulation process, variation law of normal contact force, circumferential force, radial force and axial force of the gear are discussed. Change law of normal contact force under the same parameters and working conditions are analyzed between the point contact gear with circular-parabola configuration and general involute helical gears. Influences of meshing stiffness on normal contact force of the gear are also discussed. Research results show that the dynamic performance of point contact gears with circular-parabola configuration is better than that of general involute helical gears under the same parameters and working conditions. Meshing stiffness has a certain influence on the dynamic performance of tooth surfaces. For a reasonable variable range, the transmission process will be more stable with the increase of the meshing stiffness. The study can provide a basis for the design of point contact gears with circular-parabola configuration.

Objective·To investigate the efficacy and safety of hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy (DPT) in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.Methods·Seventy-eight patients with postherpetic neuralgia who visited the Department of Pain of The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2019 to December 2022 were selected. The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and a research group in a 1∶1 ratio, with 39 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional analgesic solution, while the research group was treated with traditional analgesic solution combined with DPT. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the patients' pain level before and after treatment, flow cytometry was used to measure the patients' T-cell subsets, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 cytokines. The VAS scores were compared between the two groups of patients before and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. CD4+/CD8+, CRP, IL-6, IL-10 levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions before and 2 weeks after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results·There was no statistically significant difference in sex ratio, age, and disease duration between the two groups of patients. The VAS scores of the two groups of patients at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P

“Dewetting” can happen between solid particles and matrix of solid propellant during loading process. The strength and elongation at “dewetting” point are directly related to loads. The study based on the stress-strain response curve characteristics of a propellant under low temperature, different superimposed pressures and strain rates, the “dewetting” point of the propellant has shown obvious rate and superimposed pressure correlation, and the superimposed pressure load would inhibit “dewetting”, especially can influence the stress-strain curve with peak value of “dewetting” point at high strain rate. In order to obtain the rate-related characteristics of the “dewetting” point of the propellant, the mesoscale geometric particle inclusion model of the composite propellant is obtained based on the idea of molecular dynamics method, the mesoscale finite element model is created to calculate the “dewetting” damage of solid propellant under different strain rates. Finally, the damage mechanism of propellant “dewetting” under different strain rates is revealed, and the main reason of abruptly decrease of elongation of propellant at low temperature and high strain rate is explained by the influence rule of strain rate on “dewetting” point. It is found that the propellant failure depends on the interaction of the number of damage interfaces and the degree of interface damage in the process of damage evolution, which is a dynamic process.

Aiming at the tooth profile contact problem of internal meshing gear transmission pairs with double contact points, the generation method of tooth profiles of the internal meshing gear transmission pair with double contact points is present. Based on Hertz contact theory, the mathematical model of instantaneous contact ellipse of tooth profiles is established and the equations of contact trajectory are also derived. The contact ellipse area of tooth surfaces of the gear pair with double contact points is solved by the numerical analysis method, and the influences of the design and tooth profiles parameters on the contact ellipse are discussed. Using the finite element analysis method, the contact ellipse area and tooth surface contact stress of the internal meshing gear pair with single contact point and double contact points are compared. The research conclusions show that the contact area location and size can be effectively controlled by selecting the suitable contact angle, nominal pressure angle, normal modulus and spiral angle. Under the same parameters, the contact area with double contact points is larger than that of a single contact point, and the contact stress is smaller. The relevant research has important theoretical significance and reference values for improving the contact characteristics and mechanical properties of the new internal meshing gear transmission.

A five degrees of freedom manipulator for automatic retractable vehicle-mounted wheelchairs is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of the manipulator is established according to the D-H method, and the forward and inverse kinematics analysis is carried out. When the inverse kinematics analysis is carried out, the analytical method and the back propagation (BP) neural network are used to solve the problem respectively. Secondly, the quintic polynomial interpolation method is used to plan the joint space trajectory of the manipulator, so as to realize the smooth and impact-free movement of the manipulator. Then, the workspace of the manipulator is analyzed based on the Monte Carlo method, and the point nephogram of the workspace for the end positioning of the manipulator is obtained. Finally, virtual simulation experiment is carried out for specific vehicle-mounted application scenarios. The simulation results show that the design of the manipulator is reasonable, the movement is flexible, and it meets the application requirements, which will provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of the prototype.

In order to achieve accurate grasping of the target object with fewer drives, a metamorphic manipulator with single drive and multi-mode is proposed by combining metamorphic principle with the kite-straight-line mechanism. The manipulator can change its two working modes including linear parallel grasping and adaptive envelope grasping by one motor. Firstly, the equivalent mechanism of the metamorphic manipulator in different configurations is derived based on the law of minimum resistance. Variable topological structures are described using topology diagram and corresponding kinematic models of the manipulator in different configurations are established. Secondly, the relationship between the contact force of each knuckle and the input force of the manipulator is established according to the principle of virtual work. The elastic coefficient of the elastic element is optimized by analyzing the influence relationship between the elastic element and the envelope grasping stability. Finally, the correctness of the proposed static model is verified through a combination of numerical calculation and virtual simulation, which can provide reference for the design and application of this type of metamorphic manipulator.

This study compared the differences in the growth and metabolism of Clostridium celerecrescens JSJ-1, a strain able to produce caproic acid, and Clostridium tyrobutyricum D-1, a stain able to produce butyric acid, when cultured separately or co-cultured in different systems (solid medium, and liquid medium with or without use of dialysis bag). Furthermore, this study investigated the effect and mechanism of co-culture with C. tyrobutyricum on caproic acid metabolism in caproic acid-producing bacteria by culturing JSJ-1 alone in the presence of butyric acid or sodium butyrate at different concentrations. The results showed that when co-cultured on a composite solid medium containing glucose in anaerobic conditions at 34 ℃, D-1 grew better than JSJ-1, and could preferentially utilize glucose for growth. The generation time of caproic acid was three days earlier when D-1 and JSJ-1 were co-cultured in a liquid medium than when JSJ-1 was cultured alone under the same conditions, and the concentration of caproic acid was 9.93 and 9.79 g/L on the 12th day in the two cases, respectively. Glucose had a strong inhibitory effect on the production of caproic acid by JSJ-1, which could be relieved by preferential utilization of by D-1 upon co-culture. The co-culture in the liquid medium with and without use of dialysis bag were compared, revealing that whether there was direct contact between JSJ-1 and D-1 had no effect on the yield of caproic acid. By purely culturing JSJ-1 in the presence of butyric acid or sodium butyrate, it was found that butyric acid generated by D-1 at pH 6–6.5 could promote the synthesis of caproic acid by JSJ-1. During co-culture, the preferential utilization of glucose by D-1 could relieve the inhibitory effect of glucose on the production of caproic acid, and butyric acid produced by D-1 could promote the synthesis of caproic acid.

ObjectiveTo explore the association between dietary behavior and weight change in medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic， and provide the scientific basis for their nutrition and health improvement.MethodsFrom May to July 2022， 1 487 doctors and nurses from 12 COVID-19 designated hospitals in Northeast China were randomly recruited to participate in the survey. After excluding invalid questionnaires， 1 352 valid questionnaires were obtained. Data were collected by self-compiled general questionnaire， eating behavior indexes and emotional eating scale， and analyzed by statistical methods such as analysis of variance （ANOVA） and linear regression model.ResultsAmong the medical staff of COVID-19 designated hospitals， there were 485 （35.9%） individuals with stable weight （±3%）； individuals with substantial weight loss （5%） were 8.2%（111/1 352）， 22.7%（307/1 352）， 23.6%（319/1 352） and 9.6%（130/1 352）， respectively. The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences of irregular diet， unbalanced nutrition， high oil diet， high salt diet， high carbohydrate diet， beverage intake， and emotional eating behaviors between different weight change groups （P0.05）. The results of multivariate linear regression indicated that irregular diet， high carbohydrate diet， beverage intake， emotional eating and income were risk factors of weight change （P

Coal beneficiation is the source technology of clean processing and utilization of coal. Dry coal beneficiation is an important way for efficient separation and upgrading of easily sliming coal in arid area. Dry dense medium fluidized bed forms a certain density of gas-solid fluidized bed by updraft-driven heavy medium particles fluidization, thus achieving coal separation according to bed density. The uniformity and stability of bed density, namely the bed fluidization quality, is the key to determine the separation accuracy. Due to the disturbance of airflow, bubbles, moving internals, feeding and other factors, the fluidization behavior of the bed is complex and changeable, and the pressure signal shows non-uniformity, non-linearity and multi-scale characteristics. Based on the characteristics of axial differential transmission and lateral equivalent diffusion of pressure signal in dry dense medium fluidized bed, the fluctuation characteristics of axial differential pressure were studied emphatically, and a quantitative characterization method of fluidization quality was proposed. The results show that: Based on time domain analysis, the probability density distribution of total pressure drop in Geldart A type separation fluidized bed is close to normal distribution. When the bed is in the particulate expansion, due to the uneven distribution of contact force between particles, the probability density shows the right deviation and the peak, deviating from the normal distribution. Through frequency domain analysis, it is found that the dominant frequency of bubbles dominates the whole axial interval of fluidized bed at the later stage of bed expansion. After complete fluidization, the dominant frequency of bubbles only controls the central region of the bed. The dominant frequency of bed concentration signal changes obviously along the bed axial distribution. Combined with the results of time-domain and frequency-domain signal analysis, a fluidization quality characterization model was proposed, where the standard deviation of axial fluctuation is weighted and averaged, and the dominant frequency of sub-bed concentration is taken as the weight value. This model can comprehensively evaluate the uniformity and stability of density distribution of dry dense medium fluidized bed, and provide strong support for the steady-state control and accurate separation of dry dense medium fluidized bed.

Accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information, timely analysis of animal physiological and physical health conditions, and automatic feeding and farming management combined with intelligent technologies are of great significance for large-scale livestock farming. Deep learning techniques, with automatic feature extraction and powerful image representation capabilities, solve many visual challenges, and are more suitable for application in monitoring animal information in complex livestock farming environments. In order to further analyze the research and application of artificial intelligence technology in intelligent animal farming, this paper presents the current state of research on deep learning techniques for tag detection recognition, body condition evaluation and weight estimation, and behavior recognition and quantitative analysis for cattle, sheep and pigs. Among them, target detection and recognition is conducive to the construction of electronic archives of individual animals, on which basis the body condition and weight information, behavior information and health status of animals can be related, which is also the trend of intelligent animal farming. At present, intelligent animal farming still faces many problems and challenges, such as the existence of multiple perspectives, multi-scale, multiple scenarios and even small sample size of a certain behavior in data samples, which greatly increases the detection difficulty and the generalization of intelligent technology application. In addition, animal breeding and animal habits are a long-term process. How to accurately monitor the animal health information in real time and effectively feed it back to the producer is also a technical difficulty. According to the actual feeding and management needs of animal farming, the development of intelligent animal farming is prospected and put forward. First, enrich the samples and build a multi perspective dataset, and combine semi supervised or small sample learning methods to improve the generalization ability of in-depth learning models, so as to realize the perception and analysis of the animal's physical environment. Secondly, the unified cooperation and harmonious development of human, intelligent equipment and breeding animals will improve the breeding efficiency and management level as a whole. Third, the deep integration of big data, deep learning technology and animal farming will greatly promote the development of intelligent animal farming. Last, research on the interpretability and security of artificial intelligence technology represented by deep learning model in the breeding field. And other development suggestions to further promote intelligent animal farming. Aiming at the progress of research application of deep learning in livestock smart farming, it provides reference for the modernization and intelligent development of livestock farming.

In this study, magnetic metal organic framework composites as capture probe and immunofunctionalized gold nanoparticles as signal probe were used to develop a rapid colorimetric method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Under optimal conditions, the visual detection limit for L. monocytogenes was 1.2 × 103 CFU/mL. The results of ultraviolet spectroscopy showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1.2 × 101‒1.2 × 108 CFU/mL (Y = 0.519 ‒ 0.043X, R2 = 0.978), the detection limit was as low as 0.45 CFU/mL, and the intra-batch coefficient of variation of all concentration gradients was between 0.31% and 1.30%. The recoveries for spiked chicken breast were 91.1%‒108.7% with coefficient of variation less than 7.4%, and the result was consistent with that of the plate counting method. In conclusion, the proposed assay is rapid, accurate sensitive, and highly applicable to the detection of foodborne pathogens.

ObjectiveTo investigate the implementation of the standards （formula foods and complementary foods for infants and young children）， the contents of glucose， galactose， fructose， lactose， sucrose and maltose in formula foods and complementary foods for infants aged 0-36 months， and provide data support for the management of food safety standards related to infant formula and infant complementary food in China.MethodsBased on the principle of random sampling， 83 formula food and complementary food for infants and young children， including infant formula foods， older infant formula foods， young children formula foods， cereal complementary foods and canned foods for infants and young children， were collected from the domestic market， the content of glucose， galactose， fructose， lactose， sucrose and maltose were determined by ion chromatography-pulse ampere method and the results were analyzed.ResultsThe median of total sugar content in formula foods for infants and young children was 433.43-476.99 g/kg； the proportion of lactose in all kinds of products was higher than 95%， and the content from high to low was infant formula， older infant formula and formula for young children. The detection rate of sugar in infant cereal supplementary food was 36.8%， the median content was 0-28.35 g/kg； the medians of lactose and sucrose were 84.30 and 70.17 g/kg； while the third quartile（Q3） of sucrose was 53.43 g/kg. There was no significant difference in the content of added sugar between domestic and imported formula foods（P>0.05）.ConclusionThe lactose content in formula foods for infants and young children sold in China is higher than that of other sugars. The content of total sugar in cereal supplementary food is low， but the content of sucrose in biscuit should be concerned. It is suggested that enterprises should strictly control added sugar， and government departments should continue to push the implementation of the sugar content regulation in the newly released national standards.

In order to explore the effects of different wood types with different chemical compositions and structures on the types and amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced in traditional smoked meat products, the structural and pyrolysis characteristics of lignin in five kinds of wood commonly used in the production of traditional smoked and roasted meat products, pine, poplar, beech, jujube and apple wood, were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and thermogravimetry coupled with infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that there were differences in the contents of lignin, guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) in the five kinds of wood. The pyrolysis process involved three stages, mainly in the range of 200?500 ℃, but the mass loss rate, mass loss temperature, pyrolysis rate and pyrolysis temperature of lignin were different among different kinds of wood, indicating that there are significant differences in the thermal stability of lignin from different wood sources. Differences in lignin content, S/G structure content and side chain structure in smoked and roasted wood could lead to different thermal stability, and different pyrolysis characteristics could in turn affect the formation of harmful substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Objective: To develop selenium-enriched （Se-enriched） Moringa oleifera seed protein resources. Methods: Using Se-enriched Moringa oleifera seed protein powder as raw material, the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of Se-enriched Moringa oleifera seed protein antihypertensive peptides from Se-enriched Moringa oleifera seed protein were obtained by single factor and response surface optimization, and the ACE inhibitory activity, Se content and stability of the optimal enzymatic hydrolysate were analyzed. Results: The optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of Se-enriched Moringa oleifera were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis time 3 h, temperature 34 ℃, pH 8, concentration of substrate 7%, enzyme to substrate ratio 0.3%. Under these conditions, the semi-inhibitory concentration of ACE of the peptides was 1.956 mg/mL. The Se content of the antihypertensive peptide was 1.394 mg/kg, which was 1.1 times that of the raw protein. Moreover, the antihypertensive peptides （5 mg/mL） had good thermal stability and acid-base stability, and could still maintain good ACE inhibitory activity after digestion by gastrointestinal enzyme system in vitro. Conclusion: The Se-enriched Moringa oleifera seed protein antihypertensive peptides obtained by response surface optimization showed strong ACE inhibitory activity and good stability.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can quantify characteristic values of tissues, serving as an important tool for scientific and clinical research. Magnetic resonance T1ρ relaxation time reflects the low-frequency motional processes between water and macromolecules. At high fields of 3 T and above, T1ρ is greatly affected by the chemical exchange between water and exchangeable protons, and T1ρ dispersion measured with varying spin-lock fields can be utilized to analyze and quantify the proton exchange process. However, it is time-consuming to obtain T1ρ-weighted images with different spin-lock fields, which limits its application. To solve this problem, a fast T1ρ dispersion imaging method based on multiple relaxation signal compensation strategy is proposed in this work, which compensates the T1ρ-weighted images at different locking frequencies to the same signal strength level, and combines the low-rank plus sparse model in the reconstruction. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good reconstruction results even when the acceleration factor is up to 7.

The Chinese government has announced the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, demonstrating China's responsibility as a major country to actively respond to climate change and promote sustainable development of the world. In recent years, state-owned grain storage enterprises have vigorously promoted energy saving, carbon reduction, and efficient development in upgrading grain storage facilities and equipment, innovating grain storage technology and, strengthening standardized storage management. Combined with the current situation of the development of state-owned grain storage enterprises, the concept of "carbon neutral grain" was proposed firstly in the paper. Under the goal of carbon neutrality, state-owned grain storage enterprises should do a good job of “subtraction” of low carbon operation as well as actively utilize “addition” of green energy such as photovoltaic power generation, taking the lead to realize their own low carbon development and lead the industry as an example.

ObjectiveTo understand the sugar-sweetened beverages consumption, free sugar intake and its energy proportion among urban residents aged 3 and above in China.MethodsAccording to stratified multistage cluster random sampling, this study selected the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages of 13 083 people aged 3 and above in 18 provinces in China by three nonconsecutive 24 h dietary recalls. The data of sugar content in sugar-sweetened beverages was obtained from the special monitoring carried out by China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment. The simple distribution model was used to calculate individual free sugar intake and its energy proportion ratio of sugar-sweetened beverages per day.ResultsThe consumption rate of sugar-sweetened beverages of urban residents aged 3 years and above in China was 11.35% (1 485/13 083), with that of men (12.14%, 768/6 326) was slightly higher than that of women (10.61%, 717/6 757). The consumption rate of sugar-sweetened beverages was highest in the 13-17 age group (27.20%, 139/511) and lowest in the group of over 60 (3.29%, 62/1 884). The average consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in general population and consumers were 18.49 g/d and 162.89 g/d, respectively. The median consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were and 130.00 g/d, respectively. The average consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was the highest in 13-17 years old group (54.84 g/d in general population and 201.61 g/d in consumers, respectively) and lowest in the group of over 60 (3.88 g/d in general population and 117.77 g/d in consumers, respectively). The average free sugar intake via sugar-sweetened beverages in general population and consumers were 1.44 g/d and 12.71 g/d, respectively. The median free sugar intake were 0 and 10.08 g/d, respectively. The P95 value intake of free sugar was highest in 13-17 years old group (25.71 g/d in general population and 40.73 g/d in consumers, respectively) and followed by the group of 18-29 years old group (19.24 g/d in general population and 39.01 g/d in consumers, respectively). The average energy proportion ratio of sugar-sweetened beverages in general population and consumers were 0.35%TE and 3.06%TE, respectively. The median energy proportion ratio of sugar-sweetened beverages were 0 and 2.37%TE, respectively. The P95 value of energy proportion ratio of sugar-sweetened beverages was the highest in 13-17 years old group (6.04%TE in general population and 9.31%TE in consumers, respectively) and lowest in the group of over 60 (0 in general population and 4.05%TE in consumers, respectively).ConclusionThe consumption, free sugar intake and free sugar energy proportion ratio via sugar-sweetened beverages among Chinese urban residents aged 3 and above were at low level. However, the P95 value of the energy proportion ratio of sugar-sweetened beverages was close to 10% in children and teenage consumers. With the promotion of the National Nutrition Program, education related to nutrition should be taken into account to guide the industry and targeted people to reduce sugar scientifically.

ObjectiveTo analyze the product information, food label and nutrients composition characteristics of approved foods for special medical purposes (FSMP).MethodsThe product and label information of approved FSMP products were collected from China's State Administration for Market Regulation by March 5, 2021, and the classification, ingredients characteristics and nutrients content of each product as well as the comparison with standard requirements were analyzed.ResultsThere are 58 approved FSMP products in China at present.Most labeled nutrient contents were slightly higher than the minimum and lower than the middle line of content requirements of national standard. More than 50% of the products added choline, inositol, taurine and L-carnitine, and 72.2% of complete-nutrition formula added dietary fiber.ConclusionThe approved FSMP products had basically covered all categories in China. Nevertheless, the specific complete-nutrition food and incomplete-nutrition food were inadequate which were urgent in need of research and development. The nutrients content of FSMP products were within the ideal range of GB standard.

“The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology” have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions.

Spinophilin (SPN) was first isolated from the dendritic spines of neurons as a binding protein of protein phosphatase PP1, it is also known as PPP1R9B. SPN can not only bind to PP1, but also interacts with more than 30 proteins, including cytoskeleton proteins and adhesion molecules. SPN participates in biological processes such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal migration, intracellular signal transduction, and plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders and neuronal tumors. Therefore, understanding the role and mechanism of SPN in the physiological and pathological processes may support is helpful to advance the basic research and clinical transformation.

To address the inefficient data processing performance and excessive resource utilization issues that fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA)-based SM4 implementations faced, an implementation scheme that adopted both iteration and pipeline in order to reduce resource consumption and improve throughput was proposed. A combination of cyclic key extension and 32 bit pipeline encryption and decryption architecture was adopted by the proposed scheme. The cyclic key extension reduced logical resource consumption, while the 32 bit pipeline encryption and decryption improved data throughput. Additionally, an algebraic S-box that combined linear operations to select an optimal matrix from those generated by different irreducible polynomials was employed. Resource usage and computation overhead was further minimized, thus achieving an increased engineering frequency. Experimental results demonstrate a 43% throughput improvement and a 10% reduction in resource usage compared to the current best scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been attracting more and more research interests in recent years. With the emergence of big data and development of advanced deep learning algorithms, neural network has become a common and effective tool for image reconstruction in fast MRI. One main challenge to the deep learning-based methods for fast MRI reconstruction is the trade-off between the network performance and the network capacity. Few previous studies have used the deep learning-based methods in parallel imaging. In this work, a deep recursive cascaded convolutional network (DRCCN) architecture was designed for parallel MRI, with reduced number of network parameters while maintaining a satisfactory performance. The experimental results demonstrated that, compared to the classical methods, image reconstruction with the well-trained DRCCN networks were more accurate and less time consuming.

The comparison and selection of railway line routing schemes is a complex multi-objective decision-making problem. It is extremely important to carry out the comparison and selection of line routing schemes scientifically and rationally to reasonably determine the route of the line. In this paper, the improved osculating value decision-making method is used as the theoretical support for the comparison and selection of railway line routing schemes. Seven major factors, including building length, total length of bridges and tunnels, investment of the line, total investment of three regional railways in the network, economic strongholds covered, traffic volume attraction and railway network layout, are selected as evaluation indicators. The weight of evaluation factors is calculated by using analytic hierarchy process, the concept of Euclidean distance is introduced to obtain the "distance" between each scheme and the best and worst points, the corresponding close value is calculated and then used by the railway route selection schemes for sorting and selecting. The paper takes the route plan of the newly built Yining- Akesu Railway Line as an example, and conducts a case study combined with the above theoretical methods. The research shows that calculating the weight of evaluation factors based on AHP and using the improved Osculating Value Method to rank and select the best options have the characteristics of rigorous logic and objective image. This method is a theoretical method suitable for the comparison and selection of railway lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moving mechanism configuration has a major impact on the static stability,dynamic stability and driving force of the wheeled service robot. Taking the six-wheel mobile underpan as the object,the relationships between the wheel layout and the static stability,dynamic stability,driving force to cross obstacle and turn are analyzed. A multi-objective optimization model for wheel layout is established and the optimal solution is derived by using MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox. Assuming the factors of pitch angle,roll angle and drive torque as evaluation indicators,motion simulation of the mobile underpan is carried out by the virtual prototyping technology. The results show that the pitch angle and roll angle after optimization are decreased by17. 6% and 27. 2%,respectively. The average value and mean square of drive torque are decreased by 2. 8%and 3. 6%,respectively. It is beneficial to the transmission performance and endurance of the mobile underpan. The results also verify the correctness and validity of the established multi-objective optimization model.

In order to investigate the effect of recycled plastic content on the processability and physical properties of blended modified recycled materials, recycled polypropylene rubber head masterbatch (recycled material) was blended with pure polypropylene to prepare blend samples, and their rheological properties, crystallization properties and mechanical properties were characterized. The results show that the viscosity of blend samples decreases and the relaxation peak at 0.1 s shifts to lower frequency when the recycled material content increases from 0 to 50%. Relaxation peaks also appeared in the blend melt at 1 s due to the presence of higher molecular weight parts in the recycled material. The peak temperature of the main crystallization peak increases from 118. 2 °C to 120 °C when the recycled material content increases from 0 to 50%, but the crystallization behavior at low temperature also appears. When the recycled material content increases from 10% to 50%, the crystallinity of the sample decreases from 40% to 35%, and a crystalline structure with lower melting point also appears. The impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the blend decrease by 35%, 7%, 10% and 9%, respectively, when the recycled material content is 50%, which indicates that the mechanical properties of the blend decrease with the increase of recycled material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3 D model of worm and helical gear is established based on UG by the equation of tooth surface and the data point. On the basis of Hyper Mesh,the pretreatment of the finite element model including mesh generation,applying constrains,setting contact condition,etc. is carried out. By using FEM,the analysis of dynamic contact from the double teeth-meshing to the single teeth-meshing and then to the double teeth-meshing is carried out to simulate the changes of the tooth contact stress and shape under the actual working conditions and to find the characteristics of engagement about plastic worm and steel helical gear,steel worm and steel helical gear. The samples including steel helical gear,plastic worm and steel worm are machined by hobbing,injection and turning respectively,then used to wear test on the basic of the micro-transmission test platform,the results show that the contact stress and fluctuation in the meshing process of plastic worm is small,and it has the better wear resistance.

Natural gas pipeline projects in mountainous areas are inevitably affected by geological hazards such as landslides, which pose a serious threat to the safe operation of pipelines along the routes through landslide areas. Based on the engineering background of China-Guizhou natural gas pipeline K558 + 700 landslide, this paper studies and compares the supporting mechanism and applicability of two different support structures, namely, flower-tube micro-pile and threaded micro-pile, in pipeline landslide through indoor large-scale physical model tests. The results show that: (1) The distribution pattern of peak soil pressure along the mountain side and river side of flower tube micro-piles is basically similar along the pile depth, which is in the shape of "S" curve. The soil arching effect behind the pile is obvious, and the distribution pattern of soil pressure is generally consistent at all levels of load. In general, the distribution pattern of soil pressure on the side of the flower-pipe pile is the largest among piles, followed by the pile top, and the bottom of the pile. The soil pressure around the pile near the sliding zone is larger, so the optimization should be considered in the design of anti-slide pile. (2) The distribution diagram of the peak earth pressure along the pile depth of the threaded pile presents a double "S" curve. The distribution pattern of the peak earth pressure on the river side is significantly different from that of the mountain side, and the earth pressure at the bottom of the pile decreases greatly compared with that of the mountain side. With the increase of external load, the soil pressure around the pile increases greatly, indicating that the screw micro pile is deficient in lateral bearing capacity. (3) The bending moment of flowered pipe pile presents an "M" shape distribution along the depth direction, and the maximum positive bending moment occurs at the position 5 cm above the simulated slip surface. The pile body bending moment distribution along the depth direction is "S" shape, and the pile body positive and negative bending moment position near the simulated sliding surface roughly rotate symmetrical distribution, most of the region above the sliding surface is negative bending moment, the pile body below the sliding surface is positive bending moment. Under the same thrust load, the deformation degree of the screw micro pile is greater than that of the flower tube micro pile. (4) The load-bearing performance of the splined pipe pile is better than that of the threaded pile under thrust load, which effectively reduces the landslide thrust transferred to the pipeline; Under the large thrust load, the threaded pile can not effectively bear and offset the landslide thrust due to its insufficient flexural performance and serious deformation, and the stress transmitted to the pipe in front of the pile is large, causing more intense deformation of the pipe. Under the condition of this test, the flowered pipe micro-pile has outstanding protection benefit to the pipeline, and is more suitable for the retaining structure of the landslide area of the pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical forests play a vital role in biodiversity conservation and research on global climate change. However, the complexity and diversity of vegetation types pose challenges to the fine remote sensing - based classification of tropical forests. The claasification of tropical forests in the Jianfengling area, Hainan Province was analyzed using the multi - temporal Landsat8 data of the Google Earth Engine % GEE) platform. Based on the analysis of the impacts of the size and combination of multi - temporal data on the clusification accuracy, this study proposed a clusification method based on multi - temporal Landsat8 images for the vegetation type groups of tropical natural forests, such as typical tropical rain forest, tropical monsoon forest, and evergreen broad - leaved forests. The results are as follows. ! The clusification accuracy of tropical natural forests was significantly improved as the size of multi - temporal data increased. The clusification accuracy of the vegetation type groups of natural forests in Hainan Island reached 91 %. © When the multi - temporal data reached a certain size, the clusification accuracy tended to be stable. Different combinations of multi - temporal data can improve the clusification accuracy of tropical forests, especiaHy when the classification accuracy of individual data involved was low. This finding reflects the broadness of the selection of temporal data. The proposed method, taking advantage of the temporal changes in remote sensing data, provides an effective reference for the remote sensing - based classification of tropical natural forests in Hainan Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the implementation of the "Belt and Road" Initiative, the China-Nepal Railway will realize high-quality interconnection cross-border channels with neighboring countries. The implementation of China - Nepal Railway is of great significance in promoting cultural exchanges between China and Nepal, promoting regional land and resources and socio-economic development. Facing complex terrains and geological conditions in the regions along the 1 000-kilometer-long border between China and Nepal, this paper analyzes in detail the possible transit passages of the railways between the two countries, and chooses routes with good geological conditions, high engineering safety and reliability and strong applicability, which are fundamental to the success of the construction of the first cross-border railway crossing the Himalayas. The life cycle concept of 'programmed route selection, environmental protection route selection, geological route selection and disaster reduction route selection' is observed in the entire process of transit channel scheming. How to match the railway network planning of the two countries, improve the safety of project setup and operation, create favorable conditions for operation and maintenance are addressed. The setting of port stations, distribution of environmentally sensitive points, opinions of the two countries are considered too. After a comprehensive comparison and analysis of multiple factors, the Geelong Port Passage is recommended, which has short and smooth cross-border lines, good geological and operational conditions, and conforms to the opinions of the two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the current situation of resistance of the larvae and adult mosquitoes of the dengue vector Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Guangzhou University City, and to provide reference for the formulation of targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods The larvae of the Aedes albopictus mosquito were collected in the first and second sections of Guangzhou University City, respectively, in laboratory conditions to breed a generation, respectively, the use of larvae impregnation method and adult mosquito contact tube membrane filter paper contact method for 4 types of 4 kinds of larvae drugs and 4 types of 10 kinds of adult mosquito drugs sensitivity determination, and the use of SPSS 25.0 for statistical analysis. Results The LC50 of the Aedes albopictus larvae on 4 insecticides was 4.51X10-5 to 5.519 mg/L, and the resistance multiple was 1.01 to 8.62, the highest was the Aedes albopictus larvae from first section university city (Hereinafter referred to as the first section's larvae) to Abat, the lowest was the Aedes albopictus larvae from the second section university city (Hereinafter referred to as the second section's larvae) to Bti. The first section's larvae were low resistance to Abat, Propoxur and Pyriproxyfen, and are sensitive to Bti. The second sections's larvae were low resistance to Abat and Propoxur, and were sensitive to Pyriproxyfen and Bti. The Aedes albopictus was resistant to 3 types (8 species) of the 4 types (10 species) of insecticides tested, with a test adult mosquitoes mortality rate of 2.0% to 100.0%. The first section's adult mosquitoes to 2.0% Chlorpyrifos, 0.2% Bendiocarb, 0.5% Malathion as sensitive populations, and 0.05% Propoxur and 0.2% Fenitrothion as suspected resistance populations, 0.4% Beta eyper-methrrin, 0.08% Beta cyhalothrin, 0.07% Beta cyhalothrin, 0.03% Deltamethrin and 0.4% Pemethrin were all resistant populations. The second section's adult mosquitoes to 0.2% Chlorpyrifos, 0.2% Bendiocarb, 0.05% Propoxur as sensitive populations, and 0.5% Malathion, 0.2% Fenitrothion, 0.4% Beta eypermethrrin were suspectedly resistant populations, and 0.08% Beta cyhalothrin, 0.07% Beta cyhalothrin, 0.03% Deltamethrin and 0.4% Pemethrin were all resistant populations. Conclusions The Aedes albopictus larvae and adult mosquitoes in Guangzhou University City were resistant to a variety of commonly used insecticides, and sensitive drugs should be used to improve the effectiveness of mosquito control by reference to the results of drug resistance testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation method and radiation protection property of lead-free protective fabric were discussed. The metal tungsten powder was modified by polydopamine, the tungsten powder surface was self-assembled by gadolinium ions under acidic condition. The tungsten/gadolinium oxide functional powder with core-shell structure were prepared by high temperature calcination. Plain cotton fabric was used as base fabric, coated fabric was prepared by dispersion of tungsten/gadolinium oxide powder in polyurethane resin. The results showed that the core-shell structure tungsten/gadolinium oxide coating with the concentration of 0.2 g/L dopamine and 0.3 mol/L gadolinium nitrate has a protective efficiency of 60% against the incident energy of 60 keV~100 keV. It is considered that tungsten/gadolinium oxide has the synergistic protective function, the prepared fabric has the characteristics of lead - free, lightweight and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the demands of automatic collection of cigarette retail data, a method for cigarette brand recognition was proposed on the basis of deep learning. Firstly, design a detection model to detect the position and posture of cigarette packet image, and adjust the packet to right its image. Secondly, develop a feature extraction model to extract the feature of the image. Finally, generate a Euclidean distance threshold to search the cigarette feature with the highest similarity via the threshold from the cigarette feature database, and the cigarette brand associated with that feature was taken as the cigarette brand to be identified. The proposed method was tested in some cigarette retail stores in Nanning City of Guangxi Province, the results showed that the accuracy of the method for cigarette brand recognition was 98.0%, which indicated that the proposed method could meet the demands of automatic collection of cigarette retail data and had good generalization performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the first Sino-US joint institute in Western China, in the tensile test of material mechanics, and through the introduction of digital image correlation (DIC) and infrared thermal imaging technology, the experimental contents including the stress-strain curve measurement, full-field strain measurement, material fluidity analysis, Poisson's ratio measurement, fracture elongation measurement and heat dissipation observation are systematically developed. On the one hand, it overcomes the limitations of traditional contact measurement technology, innovates experimental teaching contents, helps students to understand and master advanced measurement methods in the field of mechanics and thermology. On the other hand, it is helpful for training new engineering talents with innovative spirit, scientific research consciousness and international vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To carry out cross-media retrieval on multimedia datasets without manual labeling, and to avoid the limitations of semantic extraction and association between different media, a correlation between audio and image based on correlation analysis is proposed. Based on the collection mechanism of relational data sets, a clustering method based on logarithmic search idea is proposed for the training of cross-media retrieval models. Then, a cross-media retrieval method based on relevance analysis is pro posed. The experimental results show that the average correlation of the first result of the audio search image of the proposed scheme is 82.92%, and the average correlation of the first result of the image retrieval audio is 61.25%, which can better solve the cross-media search needs between image and audio in the current environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copepods are the key group in aquatic ecosystems, and play an important role in energy flow, the cycle of materials and information transfer. This paper summarized the distribution and composition of the copepods that spawn resting eggs in the estuarine and coastal marine areas. It also reviewed the survival time, hatching rates, abundance of resting eggs in the sediments, and the potential recruitment into the plankton population as correlated with environmental factors. The prospects of copepod resting egg ecology were also proposed in order to provide new ideas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of sorafenib combined with capecitabine in Hui versus Han residents with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sanya, Hainan, China- Methods A total of 96 Hui and Han residents with advanced HCC took oral capecitabine 1500 mg/m² twice daily for 14 days followed by a 7 - day withdrawal, which was repeated at least twice; besides, sorafenib was given orally at a dose of 400 mg twice daily until tumor progression occurred- Comparison of continuous data between the two groups was made by t test, while comparison of categorical data was made by chi - square test- Results In the two groups of Hui and Han patients, the rates of alpha - fetoprotein reduction were 60.9% and 40.0%, respectively (X² = 4.173, P = 0.041); the rates of serum ferritin reduction were 50.0% and 30.0%, respectively (X² = 4.007, P = 0.027); the rates of tumor regression were 54.3% and 34.0% as shown by CT (X² =4.030, P = 0.045) ; the response rates were 32.6% and 14.0%, respectively (X² =4.697, P = 0.030) - Survival analysis suggested the combination of sorafenib and capecitabine had provided a significantly higher overall survival rate in Hui patients than in Han patients ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05 ). Conclusion In Sanya, a combination of sorafenib and capecitabine has better efficacy in Hui patients with advanced HCC than in Han patients, and the former have a higher overall survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the BA scale-free model can' t imitate realistic war environment perfectly, because the traditional algorithm of complex network model construction cannot embody the characteristics of the weapon and equipment system used in the military application domains. So the algorithm need to be expanded. Combined the theory of OODA, this paper proposed a method that let new node choose the same kind nodes or neighbor kind nodes to connect instead of having the chance to connect every node. And it proposed a computing method that was capable for the weapon and equipment requirement and the construction algorithm of weapons and equipment operation model based on the mechanism of preferential choosing according to the ability of nodes and remedied the drawbacks of the later in node that could hard to develop in the BA scale-free model. Therefore, the node with high ability value in the network could be fully effective and improved the robustness of the network eventually. The experiment simulation has verified that the proposed model is suitable for the campaign mode in practical and has the lower complexity. Besides, contrasted the difference between the two model from the aspect of the parameters of degree distribution, cluster coefficient and average path of the network, the result proves the high invulnerability of the new network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of aphid in winter wheat field has a significant impact on the production of winter wheat. An effective and timely forewarning of the scope and severity of the disease at a regional scale will not only reduce yield losses but also alert the stakeholders to take effective preventive measures. Forecasting aphid occurrence with Remote Sensing has great advantages over traditional methods and meteorological data, such as lower cost, simpler operation, more real-time and higher resolution. Chinese HJ-1A/1B data which have a high revisit frequency (<4 days )as well as 30 m spatial resolution, in addition to a full band set covering visible, near-infrared, short-wave infrared, mid-infrared and thermal infrared spectral ranges, which thus significantly expand opportunities of remote sensing application in predicting crop diseases and pest. According to the literature research and field investigation found that apart from crops growth status was closely related to wheat aphid occurrence, development, and dispersal, the environmental conditions of field, such as temperature and humidity, also have a certain impact on its susceptibility to pest. In this study, we retrieve two parts of information from multi-temporal HJ-CCD optical data and HJ-IRS thermal infrared data, including Ratio vegetation index (RVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) representing grow status of wheat, Perpendicular Drought Index (PDI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) that represent the environmental characteristics. An independent t-test analysis was used to test the difference between pest and healthy samples based on calibration data. Those vegetation and environmental factors that failed to show a statistical significant (p-value <0.001) were eliminated. Five remotely sensed variables (NDVI-T1, RVI-T1, LST-T1, LST-T2, and PDI-T2) were identified as optimal explanatory variables for developing the pest forecasting model. The relevance vector machine (RVM) model was established to predict aphid occurrence of filling stage of wheat in the Beijing suburbs, which is a machine learning algorithm and commonly used to improve business decisions, detect disease, and forecast weather credit to its superior learning ability when on a small datasets. The results obtained from the RVM model are compared with prediction models developed using logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques. Goodness-of-fit values of the calibrated models were evaluated through the p-value of Spearman test. In addition, the association between observed outcome of pest occurrence and predicted outcome of pest occurrence was evaluated by using three different measures: Somers'D, Goodman-Kruskal gamma, and Kendall's Tau-c. The RVM model produced a higher Spearman p-value than that the LR model and the SVM model did, indicating that the RVM model had a better performance to predict the aphid than the other two models. Moreover, the values of Somers'D, Goodman-Kruskal Gamma, and Kendall's Tau-c were all higher with the RVM model than those with the remaining model, which further demonstrated the better performance of the RVM model on the training datasets. To further evaluate the difference of performances of the three types of models, we obtain accuracy of models respectively based on validation samples. The results showed that: accuracy by using RVM algorithm is the highest among the three methods, with lower omission and commission than the other two algorithms. Furthermore, the overall prediction accuracy and the kappa coefficient of the RVM model are 87.5%, 0.71respectively, have shown better performance over the SVM model (79.2%,0.55) and the LR model (75.0%,0.44). Additionally, the RVM model needs less computation work and faster prediction speed. These results revealed that the RVM model with high accuracy level and prediction efficiency is much more favorable in forecast the pest occurrence at a regional scale effective and timely. It indicated that the result of this research can be used in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banana as a famous tropical and subtropical fruit, is one of the four most famous fruits in the world, which is a monocotyledon herb belonging to the fruit of the genus Musa (family Musaceae). Banana pseudo stem is the by-product of the planting process. The biomass of banana pseudo stem can reach 27 million tons, which is calculated according to the 2 600 strains per hm2 and pseudo stem's fresh weight of 35 kg per strain. Therefore, banana pseudo stem is a large quantity of agricultural waste of tropical zones in China. The soil nutrients and organic matter can increase soil organic content effectively, and improve soil structure, quality and yield of banana by returning chopped pseudo stem to field in time. The straw shattering and returning technology research are mainly concentrated on wheat straw, corn stover and by-products of other crops in domestic, such as rice and cotton. There are problems such as the excessive consumption of machine power, cutting tool damaged easily due to the winding of stem fiber, which needs further improvement to the machine. In view of the above problems, this paper designed a horizontal-shaft returning chopped machine, which was suitable for the banana pseudo stem that was bulky, brittle and with high moisture content. This paper described the overall design of the machine, and determined the structure parameters and working parameters of main parts, such as pushing device, roll-cutter feeding device and chopped device. The movement and force analysis of chopped blade was also carried out. This machine composed mainly of down device, roll-cutter feeding device, chopped device, leveling device, suspension mechanism and hood. It will by overturn, cut broken feed, crushing returning and leveling four processes to deal directly with banana pseudo. Pushing device mounted on the front of the tractor. Roll-cutter feeding device, chopped device and leveling device connected together in order from front to back on the rear of the tractor. Chopped device located inside the hood, and constitute the grinding chamber with hood. In the course of their work, roll-cutter feeding device and chopped device driven by the power output shaft of the tractor rear, leveling device scrolling rely on friction of between leveling roller and the straw residue on the ground. And this machine can be adapted to different operating environments and operating requirements by adjusting the working height of the suspension mechanism. Field experiments indicated that the chopped percent of banana pseudo stem had reached 96.6% with the 21.4 L/hm2 oil consumption, and the 0.42-0.46 hm2/h efficiency of machine. When the tractor's forward speed reached 2.16-3.60 km/h, the back power shaft output the speed of 720 r/min. The chopped stem's average length of 57 mm had satisfied the agronomic requirements of returning straw. The machine has advantages of excellent performance, simple operation, safe and reliable work, and remarkable ecological and economic benefit, which has a broad prospect for the promotion in the banana planting areas of the south of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the trend of global warming has become increasingly evident. This grim situation has become a common problem which countries around the world have to face. In addition, with decreasing fossil energy resources, energy shortages have become a major problem to be solved. China is a large agricultural country whose residues of straw, wood and other organic matters are over 900 million tons every year, among which there are more than 300 million tons that can be effectively and easily processed and utilized ( straw occupies about 200 million tons). Biomass resources are extremely rich; once processed into "briquettes", they can replace 200 million tons of ordinary coal. Bio-briquette technology research is of great economic and social importance and plays an invaluable role in easing the global environmental issues and the "energy crisis.". Since the oil crisis in the 1970s, biomass as a kind of clean and renewable energy has attracted the world's attention. China has also conducted a series of research and carried out applications in this field. For now, biomass fuels are the main screw extrusion molding equipment, piston-type and roller die stamping. Roll mode compacted biomass molding machines are most widely used for it has a simple structure, being both compact and easy to use. Flat molding machines are one of the biomass briquetting machines. Flat molding machines applied on the market currently are mostly single pairs of straight rollers, using pulleys and gears for a 2-stage-transmission, and are mainly used with woody biomass, wheat straw, corn stalks, forestry waste and other raw materials. But there is not much research on the use of molding machines for solid fuel made of mixed raw materials such as tropical crop residues, including banana stalks, coconut shell, and sugarcane leaves. In the existing operation processes of die-cutting (flat molding) machines, the vertical rollers (straight press roller) have a more serious abrasion. And in order to achieve a greater transmission ratio, the 2-stage-transmission system applied will make the size of the complete machine too large. To solve the above problems, this paper research designed a tapered roller planetary wheel and an outside molding machine solid fuel level and describes the main components of the aircraft structure. This paper also focuses on the motion analysis and stress analysis of the roll device and determines the optimum value of the key parameter. Performance test results show that: In the case when motor power is 45 kW, cone roll revolution speed is 190 r/min and rotation speed is 543 r/min and the feed conveyor means is 3 kW. The production rate is 850 kg/h, pellet fuel forming rate is 96.5%, particle mass density is 1.25 g/cm3, and the moisture content of the particles after forming is 2.82%, mechanical durability is 96.74%, comply with the requirements of biomass pellet fuel molding. The whole working process with low noise and smooth operation, it has significant economic and ecological benefits and provides a reference for China tropics solid fuel molding machine development and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ansai Oilfield is a matured oilfield of low pressure, low permeability and low production which has been developed for 30 years; a large number of oil wells are now in medium-high water cut development stage, so it is very difficult to maintain stable production only by conventional production increasing technologies. At present, it is still prudent to stimulate the medium-high water cut oil wells, there is still blind spot in optional technology under different water breakthrough types, and the direction of reducing water cut and increasing oil production is not yet clear. In view of the different development features of medium-high water cut oil wells and different water breakthrough types in Ansai Oilfield, some aggressive measures were implemented such as fracturing by changing relative permeability and water-plugging fracturing as well as maintenance measures like chemical water plugging and the second cementing, etc. The practice shows that various technologies are different in adaptability to different water breakthrough types, and there is no one technology which can solve the problem of reducing water cut and increasing oil production under different water breakthrough features. So selecting the proper technology which suits the actual conditions can achieve the satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]