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Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is one of the common acute and critical cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the methods used to diagnose APE rely on imaging and laboratory tests. The commonly used imaging detection methods are complex, consuming time, inconvenient handling for acute and severe patients and high examination cost. Therefore, exploring a simple, economical and effective evaluation method for acute non-high-risk pulmonary embolism patients has important clinical significance. Immune/inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Representative indicators in blood include neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-related indicators, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune/inflammatory index, etc. This paper focused on the value of novel inflammatory markers in predicting the diagnosis and prognosis of APE patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were initially regarded as by-products of aberrant splicing. Present research on their mechanism has gradually penetrated to the molecular level. Many studies have shown that circRNAs participate in osteogenic differentiation through various ways and play a key role. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the research progress of circRNAs during osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Using “circRNAs, human mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic differentiation” as keywords in English and Chinese. PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang were searched for relevant articles on circRNAs in human mesenchymal stem cells published from 1993 to 2020. Types of retrieved articles included reviews, research papers, and books. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CircRNAs play an important role in the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. These circRNAs have proven to be key targets for the diagnosis and treatment of bone diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of circRNA in osteogenic differentiation needs further research, and in vivo experiments are also needed to support existing conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyper responsive - ness, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Low type~2 (T2) inflammatory pheno type asthma has main manifestations of neutrophilic and oligo granulocytic inflammation, which exists in some patients with refractory asthma. Studies have found that metabolic disorder syndrome has an important effect on the occurrence of low T 2 inflammatory phenotype asthma. Some studies have explo red the treatment in the patients with low T 2 inflammatory pheno type asthma. In this paper, recent progress about the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of low T2 inflammatory pheno type asthma is review ed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and mainly manifests as a rapidly elevated serum creatinine level, a reduced glomerular filtration rate, and oliguria or anuria. Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome ( HRS - 1 ) is a special type of AKI, and patients with untreated HRS - 1 have an extremely high risk of death. Early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. This paper summarizes the latest diagnostic criteria for hepatorenal syndrome ( HRS) type of AKI and research advances in the treatment of HRS - 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a series of "omics" technologies such as genomics, epigenomics and proteomics are proposed, the concept of metabolomics occurs. Metabolomics is a top-down system biology approach, which analyzes endogenous metabolites by using high throughput, high resolution and high sensitivity based on metabolic analysis platform. By identifying characteristic biomarkers and analyzing the biomarkers of metabolic pathway, it will provide a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, it is more and more widely used in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. In this paper, the application of metabolome analysis in respiratory disease of recent years has been briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of adverse drug reactions. The incidence of DILI showed a rapid upward trend each year. It has become one of the major severe diseases that clinical physicians are to be faced with. Due to the diversity of clinical manifestations, lack of specificity and uniform diagnosis criteria for DILI, missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis often occurred clinically. This paper summarized the pathogenesis of DILI and was of clinical importance for timely and accurate diagnosis, prevention and treatment of DIL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis and timely treatment of hepatic steatosis is very important for controlling the development and improving the prognosis of disease. This paper introduces the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), a novel non - invasive method to quantitatively assess hepatic steatosis. This paper briefly describes the advantages of CAP compared with other methods for detecting hepatic steatosis : CAP is simple, fast, repeatable, and generally accepted by patients. CAP is of great value for early detection of fatty liver. Moreover, this paper reviews the optimal cut - off values of CAP for detection of fatty liver in different studies. CAP can be used to dynamically monitor the progression and regression of fatty liver as a guide to clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in epithelial tissues and most epithelial - derived malignant tumors. EpCAM is associated with cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as tumor development and progression. In recent years, EpCAM has been identified as a stem cell marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This paper elucidates the roles of EpCAM in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC, which shed light on the potential molecular targeted therapy in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]