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In this paper, the multi-polar coupling mid-long term prediction method based on Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was introduced into the upper reaches of the Yellow River where China's water resources are relatively scarce. A mid-long term prediction model for the inflow runoff of Longyangxia Reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yellow River was constructed based on SST. The influence factors that dominate the runoff in the upper reaches of the Yellow River were found. The case study shows that the model built in this paper significantly reduces the forecast error (the forecast error decreases from -21% to -2.5% during the period from April to June 2018), which verifies the rationality of the model, the effectiveness of introducing the new technology and the stability of forecasting accuracy. It provides reference for other projects of medium and long-term runoff forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]