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[Purpose/Significance] Interdisciplinary research can creatively solve complex problems in natural environment and human society through knowledge integration and penetration. With the increase of interdisciplinary research results, the evaluation of interdisciplinarity becomes increasingly necessary. How to establish an effective method for interdisciplinarity measurement and achieve a comprehensive measurement of scientific research papers is an urgent problem to be solved. [Method/Process] Based on the above background, this study takes the data of scientific research papers as the analysis source, deconstructs the interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers from multiple dimensions, constructs the feature set of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers, and on this basis proposes the method for measuring interdisciplinarity based on the adaptive method of machine learning, and conducts a comprehensive measurement of interdisciplinarity. This study has certain positive significance for researchers to understand the interdisciplinary papers in the field. The work process is as follows: First of all, the basic concepts of interdisciplinarity are sorted out and related concepts are discriminated, and the index of interdisciplinarity of different dimensions is analyzed. Based on the connotation and characteristics of interdisciplinary research, the characteristic index of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers is extracted from three dimensions: subject attribute, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content. Secondly, an interdisciplinarity measurement method based on machine learning is constructed. By analyzing information gain and feature similarity of input indexes and data in feature sets, a feature selection calculation method based on adaptive feature selection is proposed, and the accuracy of feature classification is maximized by machine learning classifier. At the same time, the feature subset that can best express the interdisciplinary is selected based on the adaptive selection of the minimum number of features, and the selected adaptive feature set is used in the calculation of the interdisciplinary of the paper, and the results of the calculation of the original feature set are analyzed comprehensively. Finally, an empirical study was carried out in the field of plant nanobiotechnology to verify the effectiveness of the index system and adaptive feature selection listed above, identify and screen papers with high interdisciplinarity in the field, measure the interdisciplinarity of papers and identify key influencing factors based on the calculation of subject attributes, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content features. [Results/Conclusions] The main empirical results show that, among the subject attributes, the balance degree and the difference degree have a greater effect on the interdisciplinary evaluation. The overall effect of knowledge network topology structure features is satisfactory, the distribution breadth of knowledge integration text content features has a greater effect on interdisciplinary evaluation, and the calculation effect is further improved by fitness weighted summation of each feature. The results demonstrate that the adaptive feature selection proposed in this paper can effectively screen the interdisciplinary related feature indexes, improve the reliability of the results, and achieve a comprehensive and in-depth measurement of the interdisciplinary of scientific research papers. This measure method avoids the subjective defects that may occur in qualitative evaluation and the problems that different measure indicators may produce contradictory results. It provides a new idea and direction for interdisciplinary measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The packaging carton papers of products need to be checked by quality control machine after printing. Thus,a stack of carton papers shall be taken out one by one and placed onto conveyor belt. A paper picking mechanism composed of two cams and five links（including vacuum suction cups） is designed. By alternate use of inversion-graphic method and fitting of analytical formula,the profile of two cams is obtained.With a higher revolution speed,the proposed paper-picking mechanism can steadily pick 1200 carton papers every minute. Driven by the cam-linkage mechanism,its paper-picking suction cup can move in complex trajectories. Instead of interfering with paper bin,the suction cup is completely fitted to paper bin during paper picking and pauses at the right time to provide negative pressure in harmony with gas path. In this way,a smooth and reliable paper picking process is guaranteed.

Nano silicon and multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) composites were used as active materials, paper fiber as substrate, MWCNTs as conductive agent, MWCNTs conductive paper was obtained to replace the copper foil current collector and applied in silicon based lithium ion battery. The morphology and the electrochemical performance of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), galvanostatic charge-discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) tests. The results indicate that the lithium ion battery with MWCNTS paper/nano silicon composites reaches a specific capacity of about 1000mAh/g after 50 cycles in the current density of 80mA/g, and has good cycle stability even in the high current density of 2000mA/g.

Brenda Dervin presented a paper in 1983 titled “An Overview of Sense-Making Research: Concepts, Methods and Results to Date” at a conference. She presented the “Sense-Making Methodology (SMM)” in the 1983 paper with the introduction of its core concepts, methods, and applications. SMM is a user-centered theory for methodology and has been widely applied to a wide range of fields. The findings of this study show that the 1983 paper has a longterm influence on other research articles and its influence has expanded into more disciplines and topics over time. Most of 283 articles citing the 1983 paper were information behavior articles published in journals of library and information science. This study contributes to confirm that the primary influence of this 1983 paper was established by a few concepts related to SMM. Not all three basic concepts constructing the SMM, “gaps”, “situations”, and “uses”, were the most influential concepts in terms of number of citation contexts. “Gaps” was the most frequently cited concept related to SMM (17.5%), closely followed by “sense-making/nonsense-making (17.3%)”. However, “SMM” was the most influential concept in terms of number of research topics of citing articles.

In recent years, some scholarly journals have indicated that they accept rewritten or extended version of a conference paper as long as new content are added to the journal article manuscript and that the original conference paper is included in the references. The extended publishing of conference papers now becomes topic worthy of investigation. This study analyzed the extended works of the conference papers from three major conferences in the fields of information management, i.e., Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)’s ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (ACM EC), ACM Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (ACM KDD), and ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (ACM CIKM). Papers from the 2011 meetings were used as the sample to understand to what extent conference papers have been extended into journal articles and other forms and the lag between conference and journal publishing. It also examined the differences between the conference papers and their extended versions (i.e., journal papers) by comparing the changes in authorship, references, article length, tables, and figures. It reveals the current practices of extending conference papers for journal publishing in the information management fields and may help us understand the contemporary scholarly publishing behavior. (Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract)

Aiming at the problem of poor image contrast and loss of visual information on electrowetting electronic paper display， this paper proposes an image hierarchical mapping technique based on human visual system. Firstly, the image is decomposed into the base layer and the detail layer, and the brightness of the base layer is enhanced. Then, the enhanced image is partitioned by Weber-Fechner law to realize the partition logarithmic mapping, and weighted and merged with the detail layer as the output image. At the same time, in order to achieve precise modulation of the electrowetting display, the brightness is local linearly stretched. The experimental results show that compared with traditional mapping methods, the entropy value of the algorithm in this paper is closer to the original map, the PSNR,SSIM and UIQI values of image evaluation index are respectively improved by 0.2~0.6，0.07~0.4 and 0.1~0.6. The method makes the relationship between the corrected voltage and brightness more linear, increases the image details on the electrowetting electronic paper, improves the contrast, and the overall visual effect is better.

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[Purpose/Significance] Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a rapid increase in the number of studies related to COVID-19 at home and abroad. Review of relevant literature on COVID-19 provides data resources for related research on the emergence and transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. However, the current COVID-19 related dataset is a collection of the literature, without classifying the data for each subfield, and the coarse-grained information such as the title and author fails to provide an in-depth understanding of the progress of COVID-19 research. Therefore, this paper created a dataset for the COVID-19 sub-domain and a fine-grained entity dataset. [Method/Process] Firstly, this paper proposed a literature screening method based on active learning model, which can obtain more valuable marker samples with less labor cost, so that the classifier has better generalization performance. We considered three base classifiers: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF), while considering four query strategies: uncertainty sampling, expected error reduction, committee-based query, and random sampling. Taking the origin of SARS-CoV-2, one of the sub-fields related to SARS-CoV-2, as an example, articles related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 were efficiently and accurately located from the literature. At the same time, this paper designed a labeling scheme covering 18 types of entities, including not only genes, proteins, compounds and other entities that are universal in the biological field, but also corona viruses and wild animals that are unique to the field of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, visual annotation tool BRAT was used for entity annotation. The tagging team consisted of an administrator and six annotators, and the entity tagging consisted of two rounds. What's more, multi-k consistency index was used to calculate the consistency score of annotation results. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the active learning model show that the uncertain sampling query strategy has the best performance. SVM, LR and RF based on uncertain sampling can correctly screen 425, 465 and 489 articles, respectively. After the removal of overlapping articles, a dataset related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 was constructed, containing a total of 885 articles. Secondly, based on the proposed entity labeling scheme, 6 annotators completed 99 papers. Based on the results of fine marking, this paper constructed an entity dataset containing 39,118 entities, which is the largest and most comprehensive entity corpus in the field of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problem of the high labor intensity,low eyeleting precision and low work efficiency of conventional paper flowerpot eyeletter with manual operation,an automatic eyeletter is proposed. And then,through building the mathematic model,the analysis and optimization of this mechanical structure is carried out by using mathematic analytic software. At last,two cam contour curves meeting the requirement of cam mechanism motion law well is designed. As a result,a strong theoretical basis for further study and object production in the future is provided.

Application principle of polarization spectrum method based on recovery voltage method was introduced which was used in state detection of transformer oil-paper insulation, and a viewpoint was pointed out that main time constant of polarization spectrum curve was an important factor for judging state of transformer oil-paper insulation. Influence of charging voltage, residual charge and temperature on measurement result of polarization spectrum curve was analyzed separately with conclusions that charging voltage only influenced the maximal value of recovery voltage but did not influence main time constant of polarization spectrum curve, and residual charge and temperature would influence the main time constant. Matters needed attention were proposed that transformer should be fully discharged firstly, charging voltage should be as high as possible in range of 0-2 000 V and environmental temperature should be stable during actual application of polarization spectrum method based on recovery voltage method in state detection of transformer oil-paper insulation.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Purpose/Significance] Science funding provides financial support for academic institutions, researchers and research projects, and at the same time plays a guiding role in the development of scientific innovation. The research of funded papers contributes to the development of the discipline and is of great significance to the encouragement and support of researchers. [Method/Process] Based on the funded papers published in Chinese journals and foreign journals in the field of library and information science (LIS) during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, this paper analyzes from the perspectives of the time distribution of papers issued, research output of difierent types foundations and the research topics. [Results/Conclusions] The number of fiinded papers published in Chinese journals in LIS from 2016 to 2020 has decreased year by year, but the number of fiinded papers published in foreign journals has slowly increased year by year; for funded papers published in Chinese journal during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, provincial (municipal) foundations funded papers are more outstanding, and National Natural Science Foundation funded papers are more notable for the number and effects of the funded papers in foreign journals; the fiinded papers in Chinese journals show a great impact on library sendees, changes and data, digital resource construction and university libraries; while fiinded papers in foreign journals pay more attention to social media, theme models, scientometrics and library construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Engineering Technology is the property of Editorial Department of Electric Power Engineering Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study utilizes bibliometrics to explore papers and patents in the field of fuel cell to examine the scientific and technical development in the area. The research data were retrieved from the WOS database and USPTO patent data from the period between 1991 and 2010, which consists of 20,758 papers and 8,112 patents. The authors analyzed numbers of papers and patents to examine the trends in the papers and patents in different countries, organizations and individuals. The results indicate upward growth in both papers and patents in fuel cell, with a higher growth rate for papers. The study shows that major paper and patent output are concentrated in a small number of countries. An imbalance exists between the number of papers published and the patents granted in organizations. The organizations that published papers and patents vary in type and category. Very few individual researchers are able to produce high numbers of both papers and patents.

[Purpose/significance] This paper dissects the process and services of article association discovery in Connecting Repositories, and hopes to provide powerful reference for the recommendation and semantic linking of the content of articles in Chinese open access repositories. [Method/process] This paper analyzed the discovery process of article association based on semantic similarity and the semantic services based on article association. The discovery process of article association based on semantic similarity included metadata and full-text content harvesting, and semantic similarity calculation of article association. The semantic service based on the discovery process of article association included the CORE recommendation service and the linked open data service. And this paper summarized the application suggestions of CORE to Chinese institutional repositories. [Result/conclusion] This paper finds CORE system automatically harvests the metadata of the open access repositories through the existing OAI-PMH protocol, and further extracts the URI fields from the metadata to download the full-text through the HTTP protocol. Furtherly, providing article recommendation services and services of data linked articles based on the discovery of article semantic association enables third-party systems to utilize CORE datasets, it provides a powerful reference in recommendation and semantic linking of article association for open access repositories (such as institutional repositories and open access journals) in China.

脑血流自动调节（cerebral autoregulation，CA）是血压变化时大脑维持足够脑灌注的内在能 力。过去的30年，研究者已经提出了诸多分析CA的方法，但至今无公认的金标准，采用什么方法定量 CA仍是个人主观的选择。尽管如此，由于CA的概念代表了血压（刺激或者输入信号）与脑血流（反应 或者输出信号）之间的动态关系，故目前最通用的研究血压自发波动的分析方法是传递函数分析。虽 然理论上可行，但是文献显示，传递函数分析方法在实践中存在相当大的主观性，这限制了研究之 间的比较，也阻碍了其临床应用。因此，本白皮书旨在规范化研究动态CA的传递函数分析方法的参 数及设置，建立标准，以利于其临床应用，该推荐的研发始于（但不限于）脑血流自动调节研究网络 （CARNet-www.car-net.org）。

This study used bibliometrics to analyze the characteristics of funded papers in the social sciences in Taiwan from 2015 to 2019, including the number of funded papers, funded paper ratio, document types, fields, type of publishing organizations, journal impact, and paper citation impact. The results indicate that the number of funded papers and the funded paper ratio of SSCI papers from Taiwan have both increased. In addition to articles and reviews, conference papers are a major type of funded paper for local SSCI papers. In terms of fields, the nontraditional social sciences, such as environmental sciences, psychiatry, and public/environmental & occupational health, have a particularly high funded paper ratio. However, the number of funded papers and funded paper ratio is the highest in the field of education & educational research. The fields of economics, management, and business have a large number of funded papers but a low funded paper ratio. Universities are the main funded institutions, but hospitals have the highest funded paper ratio. Funded papers tend to have higher paper citation impacts. Therefore, funding positively affects the productivity and impact of SSCI papers from Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/significance] This paper aims at getting a comprehensive understanding for the quantity and OA ratio of OA papers, and making a preliminary evaluation of these papers. [Method/process] In this paper, we utilized Web of Science Core Collection as the data source and took the four dimensions: publication years, research areas, countries/territories and organizations. We investigated papers published in high-quality academic journals that recorded in WoS from 2002 to 2016. Then, we analyzed and interpreted the changes and trends of OA papers. Finally, we took Nature as an example and analyzed the quality of OA papers from the perspective of citation per paper and highly-cited papers proportion. [Result/conclusion] The number of OA papers in the world have been increasing year by year, especially in China. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the institution which has the largest number of papers recorded in WoS, the number of OA papers took the first place in 2016, but the OA ratio still lagged behind major European and American institutions. The OA practice in the field of biological and medical sciences is superior to other research fields.

隨著傳統期刊逐漸採用電子形式出刊，也帶動投稿及評閱過程愈來愈多採用電子自動化之潮流。目前一般的線上投稿暨評閱系統雖然功能逐漸齊備，但仍少有推薦評閱者功能。為評估現有可推薦評閱者技術之表現，本文分別用標題、關鍵詞、摘要、全文4種不同長度的論文表示方式，搭配7種評閱者匹配法，其中包括向量空間模式下的4種相似度匹配法，及應用於OpenConf線上投稿系統中的3種主題式匹配法，交叉組合出4×7＝28種推薦模式。測試結果顯示，向量空間模式匹配法優於主題式匹配法。又所有推薦模式中，以摘要為論文表示方式，搭配向量空間模式的餘弦相似度匹配法，其推薦效果最好。As more e-journals appear and the e-review process becomes more popular, the demand for automatic recommendation of a good peer reviewer has been ever increasing. To automate the process of paper reviewer recommendation, this work evaluates four kinds of paper representations, which include full text, abstract, title, and author defined keywords. To match reviewers with papers, this work evaluates seven scoring methods including three topic-based methods from OpenConf, a popular online submission system with source, and four similarity-based methods from the vector space model of traditional information retrieval. The results of the 28 experiments show that recommendation methods based on the vector space model are better than the three topic-based methods of OpenConf in most document representations. Among them, the abstract paper representation combined with cosine similarity matching measure has the highest average precision.

Copyright of Electric Power Engineering Technology is the property of Editorial Department of Electric Power Engineering Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

采用化学活化法将造纸污泥制备成活性炭，运用SEM、BET、EDS、FT-IR等常规表征技术分析其理化性质，再将制备的污泥活性炭作为催化剂，应用于催化臭氧氧化降解橙黄Ⅱ模拟染料废水，并考察不同因素对橙黄Ⅱ降解效果的影响，探究污泥活性炭催化臭氧氧化橙黄Ⅱ的反应机理.结果表明：(1)造纸污泥活性炭的理想制备条件为：原污泥与氯化锌质量比为1：2，活化时间为12 h，炭化温度为600 ℃，炭化时间为60 min. (2)在污泥活性炭催化臭氧体系中，污泥活性炭投加量和臭氧流量的增加有利于橙黄Ⅱ去除率的提高，但随着溶液初始pH值的增大，橙黄Ⅱ去除率降低.

[Purpose/Significance] "The Belt and Road" is an initiative proposed by China in recent years to cooperate and develop a community with a shared future for mankind, which has been continuously highly concerned by all circles at home and abroad. From the perspective of the citation of highly cited papers, the academic exchange of countries along the Belt and Road initiative cam provide a quantitative reference for future international academic and technological exchanges, collaborative innovation and development. [Method/Process] Based on the highly cited papers among the countries along the "The Belt and Road" in the WoS database from 2013 to 2018, this paper constructed a reference matrix and analyzed the network structure, and drew a national citation network map for cluster division. Furthermore, it explored the current state of academic exchange along the "The Belt and Road" and the direction of Chinese academic output, and further analyzed the correlation between Chinese academic exchanges and trade cooperation with other 64 countries along the route. [Results/Conclusions] The research results show that the countries along "The Belt and Road" have close academic exchange and obvious "small world" characteristics. China is the core of academic exchange and the highly cited papers in many research directions in China are cited by many countries along "The Belt and Road". Besides, academic exchange and trade cooperation between China and countries along "The Belt and Road" are strongly related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve quality, the effect of different modifying methods of Calcium carbonate (PCC) on reconstituted tobaccos in paper-making process was also studied, including direct addition, combining with starch and retention aids, modification with starch, and modification with tobacco stem fiber and starch. The results show that: 1) Direct additon, many calcium carbonate particles are relatively evenly distributed on the surface of base-sheet, but only small amounts of calcium carbonate particles affixing to fibers inside the base sheet. 2）Combining with starch and retention aids, calcium carbonate particles are distributed evenly in the whole base sheet. 3) Modification with starch, form large aggregates between calcium carbonate particles, which lead to a serious imbalance of PCC aggregates distribution in the base sheet. 4) Modification with tobacco stem and fiber starch, small pieces of PCC agglomeration are formed and the distribution of PCC agglomeration is relatively uniform in the base sheet. The retention of tobacco furnish and Calcium carbonate of these base sheets are improved gradually, which are prepared by four methods about mentioned. The pilot experiment results show that compared with old processes (direct addition), the deliveries of tar, CO and TPM in mainstream smoke of the sheets with new processes (modification with tobacco stem fiber and starch) have been brought down. The Calcium carbonate content of these sheets with new processes is improved significantly, from 6.3 % to 10.8 %, the Calcium carbonate retention of these sheets reach up to 72.0 %. Conclusion: The method of modification with tobacco stem and fiber starch can effectively improve the retention and distribution of calcium carbonate.

The proposal of a national strategy for the "New Western Land Sea Corridor" will affect the reconstruction of the overall freight distribution pattern in western China. As the most important hub node for cargo distribution and transshipment in inland areas, the inland port (or dry port) is of great significance to regional economic development, logistics systems, and the construction of a new regional development pattern. Therefore, 111 papers on inland port research in international core journals have been selected in this study to systematically review the research status of inland ports and put forward the key directions and development trends for future research to serve the theoretical research and construction planning practice of inland ports in China, and globally. In this study, the literature metrology method is adopted to divide inland port research and development into three stages: the first stage is the initial stage (before 2005); the second stage is the slow fluctuating growth stage (2006-2017); the third stage is the rapid increase stage (2018-present). Scholars are interested in inland port research mainly from mainland China, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries (regions). Related research topics on inland ports are mostly combined with transportation, logistics, and other fields, which indicates that inland ports have become an important part of transportation systems and supply chain transportation networks. Among specific related research topics, the concept of inland ports is an important research topic, mainly focusing on the differences in naming and function, facilities of inland ports under different geographical backgrounds, and additional functions extended with economic development; however, its concept has not yet been unified. Research on the spatial layout system of inland ports shows that the inland port site selection and layout can be roughly summed up as a supply chain-oriented pattern, and industrial cluster-oriented pattern; the former often near port cargo distribution of traffic nodes, while the latter is on the border between the end of the supply chain. The location and layout of inland ports are influenced by economic foundation, transportation infrastructure, and local policy factors. Inland ports have a profound impact on the region. In terms of spatial effects, they have an impact on urban spatial planning and land use; in terms of economic effects, they can promote regional economic development and employment; in terms of environmental effects, they can reduce energy consumption and emissions, and promote the realization of regional sustainable development. In the operation and control of inland ports, special attention should be paid to the relationship between port planning and each manager, as well as to the management system, to realize the efficient, sustainable, and healthy development of inland ports. Finally, based on the new trends of global inland port logistics research and the realistic demand of China, we put forward several suggestions for future research, including the redefinition of dry ports, spatial layout and planning of inland ports, their regional influence, the port-city relationship, risk of investment, and potential benefits of inland ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the length deviation of cigarette products tipping paper and the shortage of direction correction device on cigarette- rolling machine,the causes of the offset of the tipping paper transmission is analyzed.The direction automatic offset correction system is researched and developed for tipping paper on cigarette- rolling machine,and the feeding system accuracy of tipping paper can be ensured,the length deviation of tipping paper during the cigarette- rolling process is improved,and the cigarette product quality is significantly improved.

Tobacco smoke contains a large number of harmful substances and has been widely proved to be able to induce a variety of human diseases. Human eyes are exposed to ambient air for a long time in daily life and are susceptible to air pollutants such as tobacco smoke in the air. Therefore, direct monitoring of characteristic components of tobacco smoke in human tears is expected to efficiently assess the exposure level of tobacco smoke to human eyes. Due to human tears at the microliter level, conventional sample collection and chemical analysis methods are a challenging task. Mass spectrometry (MS) has the unique advantages of high sensitivity, specificity and speed, especially, the development of ambient MS with solid substrates has greatly facilitated direct sample analysis with little or no sample pretreatment. Schirmer paper strip is clinically used for sampling of human tears, which is safe, non-invasive, and can be used for measuring the volume of tears. In this study, a small Schirmer paper strip was further prepared for noninvasive microsampling of human tears which exposed to tobacco smoke, and high voltage and an organic solvent were applied onto Schirmer paper to directly generate paper spray ionization for ambient MS analysis. The good analytical performances, including sensitivity (LOD: 0.1 μg/L, S/N≥3; LOQ: 1.0 μg/L, S/N≥10), precision (RSD: 4.89%-7.61%, n=5, with internal standard), recovery (98%-102.1%, n=5), and linear range (0.5-50 μg/L, R2=0.991 8) were achieved. Monitoring nicotine in human tears under different exposure times was also investigated, showing that the concentration of nicotine will the increase with increasing the exposure time ranging from 0 to 8 min. The nicotine can research to be 45 μg/L after burning a cigarette (about 8 min). The retention time of nicotine in human tears was found to be about 20 min (less than 5%), and the half-life time is about 4 min. Overall, our results show that Schirmer paper spray mass spectrometry could be used for qualitative and quantitative detection of trace environmental exposures such as nicotine in human eyes with many advantages, including safe, noninvasive, easy-to-operation, low-consumption as low as 1.0 μL, and thus has potential for many applications in environmental exposure and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinones in PM2.5 are harmful substances that can damage body's immune system by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are mainly produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels such as petroleum, coal, wood and cigarettes. Meanwhile, the gas-phase reaction between poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidative substances including ozone and radical species will result in the secondary formation of quinones. Rapid determination of quinones in PM2.5 is the basis for the health risk assessment and atmospheric environment quality control. However, the traditional methods for determining quinones in the atmosphere are time-consuming and labor-intensive, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Here, paper spray mass spectrometry was introduced for the rapid determination of quinones in PM2.5, which was an ambient ionization technique developed in 2010. The ionization efficiency of quinones in paper spray is low for their weak polarity and low proton affinity. To improve their ionization efficiency, an amino group was introduced into the quinone structures through the derivatization reaction between thiol reagents and quinones. The reaction conditions, including the type of derivatization reagent (glutathione, cysteine and cysteamine), spray voltage (3-5 kV), and spray solvent composition (acetonitrile, acetonitrile-alcohol (1∶1, V/V), acetonitrile-methanol (1∶1, V/V), acetonitrile-ethyl acetate (1∶1, V/V), were optimized. The results showed that the best performances were achieved with cysteamine as the thiol reagent, 5 kV as the spray voltage, and acetonitrile as the spray solvent. Under the optimal conditions, the analysis performances of the derivative-based paper spray for the determination of four quinones (1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-p-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone) were characterized. With BQ-D4 and 1,4-NQ-D6 as internal standards (IS), it showed good linearity for 1,4-benzoquinone (IS, BQ-D4), methyl-p-benzoquinone (IS, BQ-D4), 1,4-naphthoquinone (IS, 1,4-NQ-D6) and 1,4-anthraquinone (IS, 1,4-NQ-D6) analysis with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.990, 0.993, 0.992, 0.990, respectively. Based on three times of the standard deviation of 11 blank values (3×δblank/k, k is the slope of the linear equation), the limits of detection (LODs) of BQ, MBQ, NQ and AQ were 4.49, 20.89, 0.13 and 0.17 ng, respectively. In addition, good qualitative and quantitative results were obtained for the analysis of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone in PM2.5. This work provides a rapid, simple, low-cost and environment-friendly method for the quality control of quinones in PM2.5. However, the repeatability and quantitative ability of the derivative-based paper spray mass spectrometry should be further improved in the future, such as by the means of modifying the chromatographic paper with nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japan’s detainment of Chinese fishing boats in 2010 and purchase of China’s Diaoyu Islands in 2012 tremendously harmed diplomatic relations between China and Japan, and had a negative impact on bilateral trade. This paper aims to analyze the impact of China-Japan relations and China’s participation in the Japan-centered East Asian production network on China’s export quality. The empirical research results based on the trade data of the mechanical and electrical industries indicate that China’s participation in the Japan-centered triangle trade enhances the quality of Chinese mechanical and electrical exports, and China should continue to strive for its integration into the Japan-centered East Asian production network.

Paper-cut is not simply a form of traditional Chinese folk art. Lucky motifs developed in paper-cut certainly acquired profound cultural connotations. As paper-cut is a time-honoured skill across the nation, interpreting those motifs requires cultural receptiveness and anthropological sensitivity. The author of this article analyzes examples of paper-cut from Northern Shaanxi, China, to identify the cohesive motifs and explore the auspiciousness of the specific concepts of Fu, Lu, Shou, Xi. The paper-cut of Northern Shaanxi is an ideal representative of the craft as a whole because of the relative stability of this region in history, in terms of both art and culture. Furthermore, its straightforward style provides a clear demonstration of motifs regarding folk understanding of expectations for life.

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Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, tunicate cellulose nanocrystals(tCNC) were investigated as a filler added to bleached kraft pulp. First, tCNC were prepared through bleaching and acid hydrolysis. The structure, morphology, crystallinity, and particle size and zeta potential of the tCNC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a malvern particle sizer, respectively. Second, kraft pulp with a consistency of 10% was refined to 42 °SR through a PFI refiner. Then 60 g·m-2 handsheets were prepared from this pulp. Prior to preparing the handsheets, tunicate nanocellulose was thoroughly mixed into the pulp at four gradients:0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5%. Cationic polyacrylamides(CPAM) were added to the pulp slurry as a retention agent. A control experiment was set up accordingly. The effects of tCNC addition on the tearing, tensile, burst, air permeability, and optical properties of the handsheets were evaluated. The results indicated that the maximum increase in the tear index was 12.00% when tCNC was added 0.6%. The tensile index reached its maximum value when tCNC was added at 0.6%, with an increase of 12.04% compared to pure pulp sheets. The tensile index increased by 16.55%. In this experiment, nanocellulose prepared from a mantle sea animal was used for the first time as reinforcing filler in papermaking, which has greatly extended the application of tCNC in the enhancement of paper strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper spray mass spectrometry has received considerable attentions in recent years due to its simple operation, low cost and without tedious sample pretreatment prior to analysis. However, paper spray ionization (PSI) as a type of electrospray-based ionization source, there are few reports on exploring the ionization performance differences between it and two frequently used electrospray ionization (ESI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI). Herein the ionization performance of above three ionization sources was compared systematically by using gasolines, myoglobin, cytochrome c and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) as samples. According to the obtained results, the ionization performance demonstrated the following trend: PSI

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Traditional ion sources generally require complex sample pre-processing for the analytes, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the requirements of rapid on-site detection, this problem greatly restricts the scope of application of the mass spectrometer. Atmospheric pressure ion source is a new type of ionization technology which has emerged in the last ten years, and it is also one of the hotspots in the application of mass spectrometry technology in life sciences, environmental protection, medicine and health, food safety and other fields. With the wider application of mass spectrometry technology, direct and rapid analysis of the composition and content of complex system has become more and more important. Based on the developed miniaturized ion trap mass spectrometer and electric-filter paper spray ion source, this paper conducted in-depth experimental research on their analytical performance and application. With the aim of improving the signal intensity and detection sensitivity of the mass spectra, the aperture of the filter paper, the angle between the tip of the ion source and the horizontal plane, the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary, and the material of the metal funnel were systematically optimized. The experimental results showed that when the filter paper with a pore size of 20-25 μm, the angle between the ion source tip and the horizontal plane is 15°-60°, and the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary is 7.5 mm, the signal intensity is the highest, the used different metal materials have little effect on the signal intensity of the ion source. Under the optimized experimental conditions, standard samples of sucrose, kemptide, vitamin B2, rocuronium, arginine and fentanyl were tested, which greatly expanded the application range of the ion source. Analysis and detection of ammonia plus Huangmin capsules could quickly obtain the molecular ion peak of paracetamol (m/z 152), and the malachite green (m/z 329) molecular ion peak could be quickly detected in the living fish. In summary, the electric-filter paper spray ion source can realize rapid real-time detection and analysis, and reduce the complicated pre-processing process of the analytes. Furthermore, it can improve the sample analysis speed, and expand the application field of ion trap mass spectrometry technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to explore the effect of bagging on the wax compositions and storage quality of ‘Yali’ pear fruit, the differences and correlations of wax content and distribution, nutrition and quality indicators, and antioxidant properties of the two different treatments (polyethylene, (PE) plastic film bags and three-layer paper bags) stored at 25 ℃±1 ℃ were analyzed. The fruits were bagged at day 60 after blooming, then the bags were removed at harvest, and no-bagged fruit acted as the control. The results showed that the highest rate of fruit weight loss was found in PE plastic film bags-treated fruit, while there was no difference in fruit hardness, brittleness and compactness between the control and the two treatments within 14 days of storage. The increases in contents of wax compositions alkenes, fatty aldehydes, fatty alcohols, esters, and total wax were significantly delayed in the two treatments. The contents of alkanes C27 and C29, alkenes C24-C26, fatty acid C18:1, fatty aldehydes C26 and C34, even number fatty alcohols C22-C28, seven esters, and triterpenoids (such as α-farnesene, β-amyrin, lupeol, and β-amyrenone) in the two treatments were lower than the control. In addition, compared to the PE plastic film bags treatment, the decline in contents of wax compositions alkene C26, fatty acids C16 and C18:1, even number fatty aldehydes C28-C32, two esters (C22:1 alcohol-C18:1 acid and C24:1 alcohol-C18:1 acid), triterpenoids (Urs-12-en-28-al,3-(acetyloxy)-,(3á)-and Urs-12-en-28-al) were delayed by the three-layer paper bags treatment. Furthermore, in comparison with PE plastic film bags treatment, higher contents of peel flavonoids, peel total phenols (at day 14), fruit titratable acid and Vc (at day 14), and higher DPPH clearance rate were found in three-layer paper bags-treated fruit. According to PCA analysis of wax components, the control and the three-layer paper bags treatment were belonged to one group, while PE plastic film bags treatment was divided into the other group. The correlation analysis showed that wax components alkanes, fatty aldehydes, triterpenes and total wax in different treatments were positively correlated with the content of peel flavonoids (P

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为了更好地控制造纸废水循环中的溶解和胶体物质（Dissolved and Colloidal Substance，简称DCS），通过碎浆和抄片实验模拟造纸生产环节，探究了废水循环次数与DCS各特征参数以及纸张性能参数之间的关系.实验结果表明：DCS微粒的粒径主要分布在100~200 nm；随着循环次数的增加，DCS的Zeta电位（绝对值）逐渐减小，且主要由CS贡献；DCS的阳离子需求量主要由DS贡献，DCS和DS的阳离子需求量随着循环次数的增多不断增大；DS是DCS电导率的主要来源，DCS和DS的电导率均随着循环次数的增多逐渐增大；DCS的COD主要由DS贡献，随着循环次数的增多，DCS和DS的COD值逐渐增大；DCS物质以DS为主，DCS和DS的质量分数随水循环次数的增多显著增大，纸张性能参数值随循环次数增多不断降低，当循环次数达到18以上时，DCS物质的累积已对造纸操作和纸张性能产生了严重影响，测得此时DCS物质的COD值为985.23 mg • L-1、Zeta电位值为—29.90 mV、阳离子需求量为284.30 mmol • L-1、电导率为2.85 mS.

A standardized operation of the paper pot machine has not been achieved. Therefore, the effects of humidity on uniformity were investigated. The filling volume and sawing length of the machine-produced paper pots were measured under various humidity conditions(20%,31%,47%,63%,67%,89%,98%) and analyzed in SPSS. The results showed that humidity influenced the set filling volume versus the actual filling volume, as well as the sawing length, except under 63% and 67% humidity. Homogeneity of the data variance was calculated, and the paper pots prepared under 63% and 67% humidity were significantly different (P<0.05) from the other levels. In these cases, the actual filling volume was comparable to the set volume, and the sawing length was similar to the standard sawing length. The low standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and dispersion indicate that the optimum humidity range for machine paper pot formation is between 60% and 70%. Paper pots produced in this humidity range had a production pass rate of 99.17% and a total qualified seedling rate of 89.88%. Paper pots produced within the optimal humidity range enables a more uniform filling volume and sawing length. Additionally, the pass and qualified seedling rates can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous characteristic of tlie paper substrate causes penetration and difusion of tlie li(_uid material on the surface. Therefore，it is extremely difficult to form an RFIDtag metal antenna by electroless deposition on the surface of the paper substrate. Aiming at this problem，the stannous chloride colloid solution \as applied to avoid the catalytic ink penetration in the paper - based substrate. Moreover， paper substrate was immersed in chitosan solu- tion， which could bring functional group and improve the conductivity and adhesion of RFID metal antenna. The SEM，XRD，EDS and adhesion test of the metal layer antenna of the RFID tag proved that the surface of the metal layer of tlie tag antenna had advantages including dense surface， high crystallinity， good adhesion， low resistivity (2.58X10-8 # + cm)，good mechanical properties (1000 bending test). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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研究是重要的知識探索過程，採用嚴謹的研究方法與適當的統計分析技術，清楚且有系統的呈現研究發現，能促進學域知識的發展。高品質的學術論文，是學域專業彰顯最重要的支撐。因此為瞭解圖書資訊學研究的發展趨勢，其研究方法與統計分析技術的應用，是相當值得探討的議題。鑑此，本研究針對近四十年來刊登在《教育資料與圖書館學》期刊之1,540篇研究論文，進行書目計量與內容分析，並依其刊物沿革、宗旨及演進過程，將研究期間區隔為四期，探析其自1970年創刊迄2010年所刊載的論文特徵，包括文章類型、論文語文、主題類別、論文結構、研究方法及統計分析技術等面向。研究結果發現，在文章類型上，第一期的文章類型共11種類型最多；在語文類別上，以中文論文刊載為主；在主題類別上，所刊載之論文以「圖書資訊學」（66%）所占比例最高，其次是「教育」（15%）；另在論文結構部分，有42篇（2.73%）的論文採用ILMRAD結構撰寫論文，另有8篇採用IMRAD結構，且多集中於第四期。至於最常採用的研究方法為調查法，其中主題類別為「圖書資訊學」的論文採調查法（46.63%）最多；次為「教育」類論文，約12%採用調查法；而最常採用的統計分析技術是量化敘述統計（60.11％），次為T檢定（9.27％）。Research is the important process of knowledge exploration. Domain knowledge development can be improved by using research design and proper statistical methods meticulously as well as clearly and systematically displaying research results. In order to find out the evolving trend of Library and Information Science, its research design and statistical method is a topic worth exploring. By applying bibliometric and content analysis, this study investigates the 1,540 research papers published in the Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences (JoEMLS) in the last 40 years. According to its history and mission statement, the researchers separate time span from 1970 to 2010 into four period, exploring the features of those published papers, including the type of articles, article languages, topics, structures, research designs and statistical methods. The results show as follow. During period 1, the type of articles are diversities. In addition , Chinese papers are dominate. Moreover, the top 3 categories of research papers are the study of “Library and Information Science”(66%), follows by the “Education”(15%). As for the paper structure, there are 2.73% papers applying ILMRAD and only 8 papers of them applying IMRAD. The most commonly adopted research design is Survey Method, among them, the study of “Library and Information Science” used more often (46.63%). As to the most commonly used statistical method is Descriptive Statistics (60.11%), secondly the T-Test(9.27％).