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Fourteen species of vascular plants are reported as new records in Guangxi. They are Rumex obtusifolius L., Impatiens polyneura K. M. Liu, Pilea sinocrassifolia C. J. Chen, Synotis fulvipes(Y. Ling)C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Primulina minor F. Wen & Y. G. Wei, Hanceola exserta Y. Z. Sun ex C. Y. Wu, Isodon longitubus(Miq.)Kudô, Keiskea australis C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li, Sciaphila ramosa Fukuy. & T. Suzuki, Eriocaulon decemflorum Maxim., Lilium concolor Salisb., Arisaema silvestrii Pamp., Bulbophyllum tipula Aver., Isachne sylvestris Ridl. And the citation and geographical distribution of each species are also listed in this paper. The discovery of these new records not only provides new data for the study of floristic geography in Guangxi, but also has important practical significance for the precise implementation of full coverage protection of native plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based field works, specimen collections and lots of literatures reading, we found a newly recorded species of Phyllanthaceae from China——Sauropus racemosus Beille. It differs from other species of Sauropus in having glabrous young branches, glabrous leaves, racemoses 3 to 5 clustered on the lower part of the old stem branchlets. In this paper, a detailed description, color photographs and geographical distribution of S. racemosus are given. In addition, we consider S. racemosus as ‘Endangered'(EN)based on the IUCN categories and criteria. The discovery of S. racemosus enriched the diversity of plant species in the Sino-Vietnanese border area. It reflects that the Sino-Vietnanese border area are biodiversity hotspots in the world and key areas for biodiversity conservation. It also shows that the plant investigation in this area is not enough, and further investigation and research are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of introduction and survival records, this paper reports the status of introduction, survival, and ex-situ conservation of plant species in the South China National Botanical Garden (SCNBG) . The results are as follows: (1) A total of 19 154 species, 99 subspecies and 136 varieties (80 597 accession numbers) of vascular plants belonging to 325 families and 3 952 genera have been introduced since 1956, of which 11 581 species, 52 subspecies and 80 varieties (24 352 accession number) belonging to 290 families and 2 777 genera are surviving currently; the introduction records include 565 species of National Key Protected Wild Plants (421 species survived), covering 94.7% (36/38) of the first-class National Key Protected Wild Plants (29 species survived), 76.4% (269/352) of the second-class National Key Protected Wild Plants (229 species survived), and 54.3% (547/1 008) threatened species (414 species survived) in South China. (2) The most species are introduced from Guangdong Province (7 193 accession numbers, 2 523 species), followed by Hainan Province (3 658 accession numbers, 1 593 species), Guangxi Province (4 744 accession numbers, 1 559 species) and other surrounding provinces; the SCNBG has obtained some precious plant resources from the same latitude regions by introducing and exchanging species with 61 countries around the world. (3) 17 specialized gardens for ex-situ conservation based on plant taxa (e. g. Magnolia Garden) show a high level in terms of introduction quantity and survival rate. (4) The correlation between the number of surviving species and the frequency of introduction is extremely significant (r = 0.85***) . (5) The survival rate of introduced species distributed naturally in South China is higher than that in other provinces. In the future, the SCNBG needs to strengthen the ex-situ conservation of plants through following points: (1) On the basis of investigation, cataloguing, evaluation and research, strengthening the introduction and collection of rare and endangered plants, native plants and economically important plants in tropical and subtropical regions, further improving the quantity and quality of ex-situ conservation; (2) Establishing an ex-situ conservation network system for plants in South China to effectively protect plant diversity in this region; (3) Improving the infrastructure construction and information management level of ex-situ conservation for higher efficiency; (4) Enhancing international scientific research cooperation and species exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine species of angiosperms are reported as new records from Guangxi, China. They are Machilus cicatricosa S. Lee, Portulaca quadrifida L., Pisonia aculeata L., Helicia yangchunensis H. S. Kiu, Rhynchosia minima (L.)DC., Jasminum rehderianum Kobuski, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., Zeuxine ovalifolia L. Li & S. J. Li and Cyperus javanicus Houtt. Detailed morphological description and field photos are provided, and the citation and geographical distribution of each species are also listed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stephania kwangsiensis, a vine plant of the Stephaniaceae family, is mainly spread in Guangxi, China. The medicinal part(root tuber)of S. kwangsiensis, "Jin Bu Huan" in Chinese, is often used for sedative, insecticidal, anti inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral and antibacterial, as well as for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In order to make full use of the plant resources, clarify its chemical constituents, and find the relevant active compounds, the methanol extracts of non-medicinal parts of this plant were isolated using various chromatographic methods such as positive phase Sephadex LH-20, positive phase silica gel, positive phase polyamide, and MCI gel CHP-20P. The structures of the isolated monomer compounds were determined by MS, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and other spectral data analysis, as well as comparison with relevant literatures. The activities of the isolated compounds from S. kwangsiensis against bacteria(Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis)and fungi(Fusarium oxysporum)were evaluated using filter paper method. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 10 compounds obtained from the non-medicinal parts of this plant were identified as vomifoliol(1), grasshopper ketone(2), isocorydine(3),2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabinitol(4),(9S,12S,13S)-trihydroxyoctadeca-(10E,15Z)-dienoic acid(5), magnoflorine(6), corchoionoside C(7), tormentic acid(8), corydine(9)and crebanine(10). Among them, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 were firstly obtained from this genus plants, and Compound 4 was found from natural products for the first time.(2)At concentration of 6 mg·mL-1, compounds 1, 2 and 5 showed weak antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli; Compound 2 exhibited weak antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus; compounds 3 and 8 displayed weak antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis. In conclusion, the non-medicinal parts of Stephania kwangsiensis contain large numbers of active components and have the potential of development and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive organs are of great significance in taxonomic studies of bamboo plants. In this paper, Latin and Chinese supplementary descriptions are provided for flowering branches and reproductive organs characteristics of bamboo species Bonia amplexicaulis distributed according to observed flowering condition and anatomical observation results of the collected specimens in Mashan County, Guangxi. By comparing the floral characteristics of the reproductive organ structures of Bonia species B. saxatilis, B. parvifloscula and B. amplexicaulis, the three species have the same reproductive organ structure characteristics, but there are differences in the number and size of florets. The comparison of reproductive organs shows that the reproductive organs of Bonia species have special adaptability to karst geomorphic environment, supports that they are independent species according to the differences of nutritive organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor conditions, and quite differences in seasonal climate environment in coastal sandy land makes it difficult for plants to survive. Ipomoea pes-caprae is an important sand-fixing plant widely distributed in southern coastal sandy land. In order to explore the adaptation mechanism of I. pes-caprae to environmental changes in different seasons, the seasonal changes of its leaf physiological traits were studied. In this paper, I. pes-caprae grown up naturally in coastal sand of Guangxi was taken as experimental material, and the physiological indexes such as the contents of chlorophyll, the contents of osmotic substance, antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the I. pes-caprae leaves in different seasons were measured, and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were also carried out. The results were as follows:（1） Chlorophyll contents had the same trend with season changes, which was significantly higher in spring than those in other three seasons, but chlorophyll a/b had no significant change among seasons.（2） Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters also had the same change trends, which were significantly higher in summer and winter than those in spring and autumn.（3） Proline content increased gradually with seasons, and reached the highest level in winter. Soluble sugar content in winter was significantly higher than those in other three seasons. There was no significant differences in malondialdehyde（MDA） contents among seasons.（4） The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT） in spring were significantly higher than those in other seasons, but there was no significant differences among summer, autumn and winter. There was no significant differences in peroxidase（POD） activities among seasons.（5） There was a certain correlation between physiological indexes and climate factors by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Temperature and sunshine duration significantly affected the contents of soluble sugar. Chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities could better reflect the response of I. pes-caprae leaves to seasonal climate change. To sum up, the chlorophyll a/b can be kept stable by adjusting the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and meanwhile, the contents of osmotic adjustment substances and the activities of antioxidant enzymes can improve it to adapt to seasonal changes, among which photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes system are the key factors affecting its seasonal adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant worship is an ancient and rudimentary form to respect nature and life. In order to understand the influence between the unique national folk plantworship and biodiversity conservation in Baise, Guangxi, ethnobotany investigation methods were utilized in this paper to investigate the cultural characteristic of plant worship. The effects of folk plant culture on the conservation of biodiversity were discussed from various aspects like nature worship, The effects of unique national folk plant, life etiquette and traditional medicine. The results are as follows: There are rich national folk plant culture connotation and biodiversity in Baise. The national folk plant which have been worshipped in Baise belong to 28 families, 47 genera and 53 species. Among them, Rosaceae and Leguminosae are the most abundant species, which contains 5 species respectively, the following are Mulberry and Gramineae, containing 4 species respectively. Arbor plant is the dominant life forms, accounting for 39 species of 73.58% of the total number of species. There are 11 species of herbage, making up 20.75% of the total number of species. The rest 5.67% are 3 species of shrub. Out of all these species, four of them can be found in the Information System of Rare and Endangered Plants in China within the List of National Level Ⅱ Plants, which are Phoebe bournei, Burretiodendron hsienmu, Erythrophleum fordii, Toonaciliate. In addition, five of them belong to the provincial and municipal(local)level Protected Wild Plants List, namely Machilus thunbergii, Cyclobalanopsis kouangsiensis, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Caesalpinia sappan, Dalbergia hupeana. These plants form various plant communities, which plays an important role in promoting the protection of plant diversity in the Baise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 1 147 specimens of Brachytheciaceae from 24 counties(cities)in Guangxi were studied. After identifying and reviewing related literatures, 11 genera and 44 species were confirmed. Among them, the genus Pseudokindbergia and seven species, Brachythecium procumbens, Oxyrrhynchium latifolium, O. vagans, Pseudokindbergia dumosa, Rhynchostegiella sinensis, Sciuro-hypnum populeum and S. reflexum, were newly recorded in Guangxi. In this paper, a revised checklist of Brachytheciaceae of Guangxi was provided. And the morphological characters, habitats, geographical distribution of the new records were also described in great detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on literature, field work, collection, examination and identification of related specimens, the genus Tupistra Ker-Gawl. (Asparagaceae) is revised and three species are recognized in Guangxi, China. Among them, Tupistra cardinalis Aver., N. Tanaka & Son is a newly recorded species to China. In this paper, a detailed description of T. cardinalis, the photographs and geographical distribution of the genus in Guangxi and a key to all the species recognized in China are given. The voucher specimens are stored in Herbarium of Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants(GXMG)and Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany (IBK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beckmannia Host and Tripogon Roem. et Schult. of Poaceae are reported as two newly recorded genera from Guangxi, China. There are two species and one variety of Beckmannia in global, which are widely distributed, including one species and one variety in China. A species, B. syzigachne(Steud.)Fern. is found from Guangxi for the first time. There are about 30 species of Tripogon in global, and majority species are distributed in Asia and Africa, including eleven species in China. A species, T. filiformis Nees ex Steud. is found from Guangxi for the first time. Detailed morphological description and photos of the two newly recorded genera and species are provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the "power seizure" stage of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China (1966-1976), there were different levels of armed conflicts which happened in all parts of the country. This phenomenon of power seizure mainly occurred among mass organizations and most of them were initially incidental armed conflicts. As the struggle for "power seizure" accelerated, all armed conflicts also rapidly escalated. The scale of the conflict was evolved from rival mass organizations' violent fights to battles between military units, the usage of weapons were upgraded from sticks and stones to machine guns and cannons, and the conflict areas spread from the inland military regions at the outset to important strategic positions of remote areas in later stage. How did these violent conflicts lead to thousands of people being killed? Why did they develop into such a large scale? Who were behind the scenes to manipulate the conflicts? And what relationships existed between the conflicts and the PLA armed forces of "supporting left"? This paper starts with the above questions to investigate the most violent conflict in Guangxi during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. It also reveals the cover up relating to the fact that more than 100,000 people were killed during the stage of "power seizure" and at the creation of all levels of Revolutionary Committee in Guangxi province in southern China. This paper contributes to uncovering the truth and the reasons of armed conflicts during the Cultural Revolution, which is still deliberately covered up by the Chinese Communist Party today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]