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Objective: based on summarizing the simulation and prediction of tobacco control measures across the globe and sorting out the various scenarios of tobacco control measures, the potential short-term effects of seven tobacco control measures in different scenarios were systematically analyzed. Methods: Until April 2022, PubMed, Embase, EconLit, PsychINFO, and CINAHL databases were used to retrieve literature about tobacco control measures simulation and prediction models across the globe. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly followed. Meta-analysis for the potential short-term effects of seven tobacco control measures in different scenarios was performed using the R software. Results: A total of 22 papers covering 16 countries were selected. Five studies were conducted in the United States, three in Mexico, and two in Italy. There were all papers with the measures to tax increases, smoke-free air laws, and mass media campaigns, 21 papers with youth access restrictions, 20 with marketing restrictions, and 19 with cessation treatment programs and health warnings. The tax increases had diverse influences on the price elasticity of different age groups. The price elasticity in the age group 15-17 years was the highest, which was 0.044 (95% CI : 0.038-0.051). The potential short-term effects of smoke-free air laws in workplaces were higher than in restaurants and other indoor public places. The effects of youth access restrictions were greater in the age group <16 years than in the age group 16-17. The stronger the implementation of other measures, the greater the potential short-term effects. A comparison of seven tobacco control measures showed that the cessation treatment programs increase in cessation rate was the highest, 0.404 (95% CI : 0.357-0.456). The reduction in smoking rate and reduction in initiation rate of youth access restrictions strongly enforced and publicized was the highest in the age group <16 years, 0.292 (95% CI : 0.269-0.315), and 0.292 (95% CI : 0.270-0.316). Conclusions: The potential short-term effects of seven tobacco control measures in different scenarios were evaluated more accurately and objectively through Meta-analysis. In the short term, cessation treatment programs will substantially increase smoking cessation rates, and strong youth access enforcement will sharply reduce smoking and initiation rates among adolescents under 16. These results also offer strong data-related support for the simulation and prediction of tobacco control measures in China and other countries.

Microsimulation model simulates individuals and estimates transition probabilities within the population using individual participant data. This approach could deal with the heterogeneous characteristics among the people or personal history of diseases and may be relevant in addressing cost-effectiveness problems of screening for complex conditions in epidemiology. This paper introduces the general principles, basic steps involved in implementation, analytic methods, and other related issues of the microsimulation model. Based on a practical research case of estimating the cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening for chronic kidney disease in the United States, critical points in applications of the microsimulation model for cost-effectiveness analysis of screening were discussed in detail, including model development, model analysis, and the interpretation of the results. The microsimulation model considers the dynamic nature of complex diseases by estimating a broad range of individual characteristics and increasingly used to provide insights into complex problems that the Markov model does not efficiently address. For better supporting evidence-informed decision-making in public health, future studies should be aware of the accuracy of parameters in the decision-analytic model and the transparency of the models and results, as well as complying with the relevant reporting standards.

As the most important phase in standardization activity, implementation saves as the essence. CDC in China are the major institutions undertaking disease control and prevention. Implementing the standards of public health provides technical basis for CDC to complete the task of disease control and prevention. In the study, spot conversation and questionnaire were used to investigate the implementation of standards on public health in CDC. Results showed that the staff of CDC got to know the standards through the Internet. The departments of CDC which conducted training and sent staff to attend training courses accounted for 50.00 % (25/50) and 34.00 % (17/50), respectively. State mandatory rule is still the main reason for relevant departments to implement the standards of the public health. Government promotion activities facilitate the implementation of Standards, and the degree of familiarity with Standards affects the implementation as well. The paper summarizes the existing problems, such as the lack of coordination between departments of public health at provincial level or below, lack of access to standards, and the need to strengthen the training of the standard implementation etc . It puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the implementation of public health Standards.

To compare the differences on current ethical issues in the areas of epidemiological practice between China and America, to identify the major ethical problems existing in the epidemiological studies in China. Through searching and reviewing papers published on Chinese Journal of Epidemiology and American Journal of Epidemiology from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2010, we made a comparison on ethical issues involved in the original studies that focusing on human beings. In total, 749 Chinese articles and 1221 American articles were recruited, with the following findings: (1) The proportion with announcements of "Informed consent by the subjects" was 29.24% in Chinese literature and 38.08% in the Americans (χ² = 16.02, P < 0.001). The proportion with "having had approvals from the ethic committees" was 29.24% in Chinese, while 38.08% in American (χ² = 604.40, P < 0.0001). (2) Both in China and America, there had been an increase of ethical issues in the last 5 years. (3) Articles derived from trial studies had better involvement on ethics than those from observational studies. (4) The level on ethical issues in the American Research Institutes exceeded those in China (5) American studies also had showed better ideas on Ethic issues on biological specimens collection and privacy protection, than those in Chinese studies. Among the studies on Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, the proportion of 'informed consent' was higher than in ethical review, but both ethical review and awareness on 'informed consent' had left far behind than the American Journal of Epidemiology. This could be seen at the institution level of the writers, during specimen collection and privacy protection, as well as at the overall level. The results reminded us that the Departments of Technology Management should spend more efforts on the improvement of public education regarding ethics for researchers and to update the process of edition for Journals as well as to reinforce the rules of ethics in epidemiological research.

Using bibliometric method, the author counted the citation of papers published in American Journal of Epidemiology in the last 3 years. The highly cited papers and books were presented and the focus of recent years on American Journal of Epidemiology outlined.