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Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main factors of successful implantation of embryo include the ability to bed, the good receptive endometrium, the interaction of embryo and maternal. Endometrial thickness has been evaluated as a possible predictor of endometrial receptivity. Endometrial thickness in menstrual cycle can reflect the state of endometrial function. Adequate proliferation and secretory changes during the luteal phase is considered to be one of the prerequisites for successful implantation of the embryo. Reports have shown that a thin endometrium is closely associated with lower implantation rates. Furthermore, thin endometrium is an important cause of female infertility. It is important to look for the etiology, active treatment, and improve the endometrium receptivity. Pretreatment to the thin endometrium and increasing endometrial thickness to normal condition will help to improve the rates of pregnancy and live birth. However, the treatments of thin endometrium are not ideal at present. In this paper，we will review the definition，etiology and clinical treatment of thin endometrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is a common gynecological diseases, the incidence rate in women of reproductive age is about 1/7. It seriously impacts women's life and harm to their physical and mental health. After years of researches, the pathogenesis of endometriosis may be related with many factors, but remains unclear. Retrograde menstruation is widely accepted by most people, but it can not explain why most of women have menstrual blood reflux, but only a small number of women with endometriosis, and the present study reports that the immunologic mechanism may be related to the abnormality. Research shows that, the abnormal number and (or) dysfunction of natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells and NKT cells may lead to ectopic endometrial planting, abnormal expression of integrin αvβ3, ICAM - 1, E-cadherin and other adhesion molecules may be involved in the positioning and abnormal adhesion of EMs, and because of the abnormal immune mechanism, the activated immune cells release IL, TNF-α, VEGF and a series of cytokines, which further aggravate the disorder of immune mechanism. All those form a vicious circle, lead to the proliferation and development of EMs. The studies also show that EMs may be an autoimmune disease. This paper reviews the research progression of immunologic mechanisms in endometriosis . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]