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Copyright of Journal of Research in Education Sciences is the property of National Taiwan Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Research in Education Sciences is the property of National Taiwan Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

教育理論與實務的落差，是師資培育長久未解的問題。我國於1995 年施行《師資培育法》迄今，理論與實務間的連結，未見明顯改善。一項有15國參與的跨國評比指出，我國國中、小學實習教師認為大學所學與中、小學現場的契合度，分居倒數第三及第二名。近年來教育部推動「實地學習」，期能縮短理論與實務的落差，增加師資生實務教學能力。本研究指出「移植西方理論」及「技術理性」的師資培育模式，帶來我國師資培育理論與實務的雙重鴻溝。實地學習政策如未能對症下藥，恐難發揮效果。本研究提出「建構包含儒家文化的理論模型」及採取「務實師資培育模式」，以縮短雙重鴻溝，希望引發討論，為長久的沉痾找出解決之道。 The theory-practice divide has been a long-standing concern in the field of teacher education. This concern has not been addressed in Taiwan since the promulgation of the Teacher Education Act in 1995. An international comparison study reported that the degree of the theory-practice divide in Taiwanese teacher education was the largest of the 15 participating countries. To narrow the divide and enhance student teachers’ practical abilities, the Taiwanese Ministry of Education has recently launched a policy of promoting field-based experience. The present paper argues that the theory-practice divide originated from the transplantation of Western theories and the teacher-training model of technical rationality. If field-based experience cannot address these causes, it is not a solution for bridging the theory-practice divide. This paper proposes establishing Confucian-culture-inclusive theory and implementing more realistic teacher education practices to narrow the divide between theory and practice. These actions are proposed to promote discussion about the solutions to this long-standing problem.

本文旨在透過歷史研究、檔案文件分析探討德國師資培育認證制度之源起背景、立法與政策、認證機構之組織結構、認證標準、實施過程及結果之運用。並對德國師資培育認證制度利弊得失做批判性的分析，據以擬具可行建議，作為改進我國當前師資培育認證制度之參考。受到《波隆那宣言》建立歐洲高等教育區之影響，以及國際高等教育品質保證潮流之衝擊，德國為回應國內提升師資素質之訴求，在立法上規定建立師資培育學程須先經認證，爾後並以5 年為週期重新認證。認證機構與實地執行評鑑機構分立為兩個層級的認證體制。大學學程設置之一般標準由「德國學程認證基金會」研訂，師資培育專業標準由「各邦文教部長會議」研訂。實施過程標準化，未通過認證之師資培育學程，限期改善，否則撤銷。德國師資培育認證度雖有立法明確、評鑑與認證機構功能區分清楚、標準嚴密、認證過程透明等優點，惟有以下缺失：與傳統國家考試制度及師資培育體制仍有調適上之困難、評鑑機構與認證機構之協調有待加強、訪評專家遴選不易、經費負擔沉重。據上研究結論，本文提出五項建議，以改進我國當前師資培育評鑑體制。 Through historical approach and documentary analysis, this paper attempts to offer a critical analysis of teacher education accreditation system in Germany. First of all, the influential factors of the establishment of German teacher education accreditation system are discussed from historical and international perspectives. A critical analysis of the two-layered accreditation system, the Foudation for the Accreditation of Study Programmes in Germany and the certified Evaluation Agencies, follows sequently to show the organizational structures and their missions of those two level institutions of German accreditation. Criteria for the accreditation of Evaluation Agencies, professional standards of teacher education and accreditation process are expounded consecutively to demonstrate the uniqueness, transparency and objectivity of teacher education accreditation system in Germany. Finally, this paper is concluded with a critical evaluation of German teacher education accreditation system with a view to proposing recommendations for the betterment of teacher education evaluation in Taiwan.

新課綱強調核心素養，是史上最大規模的課程改革，自108 學年度起上路。為培育新課綱所需的師資，2017年公布的《師資培育法》規定教育部要訂定「教師專業素養指引」及「師資職前教育課程基準」。師資培育機構須根據這些規定，自行規劃課程，並自108 學年度起實施，這對師資培育機構是很大的挑戰。本研究探討兩個問題：一、新課綱強調「核心素養」，新《師資培育法》強調教師「專業素養」，一時之間素養成為「顯學」，究竟何謂「素養」？ 有無同時適用於中、小學教育及教師專業的素養定義？素養為何如此重要？二、師資培育機構該如何規劃職前教育課程，以培育新課綱所需的師資？本研究指出素養包括「功能性素養」及橫跨各學科的「共通性能力」，藉由知識與真實情境的連結，可培養素養，並減少學生「學這要幹嘛」及「學這有何用」的疑問，以提升學習動機。此外，本研究根據學理，提出國立臺灣大學「探究式─素養導向的師資培育」理想芻議，希望拋磚引玉，引發學界對話，為108 學年度新課綱及新師資培育課程同步實施做好準備。 A large-scale curriculum reform for K-12 education that emphasizes the cultivation of core competencies will be launched in 2019. To prepare future teachers for this reform, teacher education institutions (TEIs) are required to restructure their curriculum by 2019 in accordance with the “core competencies for teachers” and “standards for pre-service teacher education” specified by the new Teacher Education Act. “Core competencies” has become a jargon commonly used in discussions of K-12 and teacher education; however, its definition remains unclear. This paper investigated (1) whether a common definition of core competencies exists for both K-12 education and teacher education, and why core competencies have reached their current level of prominence; and (2) how TEIs have restructured their new curriculum to meet K-12 educational requirements. The results revealed that core competencies are defined as functional literacy and transversal competence, linking academic knowledge to real-life experience. Moreover, National Taiwan University proposed a restructuring of the teacher education curriculum based on theoretical reasoning of teacher education. It is believed that clarifying the definition of core competencies and the proposed plan may provoke discussions among educators in TEIs regarding implementing a curriculum reform in 2019 for both K-12 education and teacher education.

Copyright of Journal of Research in Education Sciences is the property of National Taiwan Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

自1990 年代被宣告為一門研究領域以來，師資培育始終呈現出一種多元學科而非孤立的領域樣貌。可是，究竟體育師資培育在整個師資培育領域中被放在什麼位置上呢？本研究即是為了回應這個提問而書寫的，目的在於瞭解體育師資培育研究的現況，以及10 年內它在整個師資培育知識圈內的定位與趨勢。研究資料為2001-2010 年間發表於《教學與教師教育》期刊的853 篇研究論文，並以發表年代、教師生涯階段、研究議題及研究方法論為構面，採取量化內容分析法將之進行歸納。結果證實，體育師資培育研究正處於師資培育領域中合法的但邊緣的地位，文末將針對此種現象的涵義以及未來體育師資培育研究的建議進行討論。 Teacher education has been considered multidisciplinary since it first became a field of inquiry in the 1990s. However, the relationship between physical education teacher education (PETE) and the larger field of teacher education remains undefined. To determine this relationship, this study aimed to understand the status quo of research on PETE (R-PETE) and its relationship with and trends within the broader knowledge base of teacher education during one decade. A total of 853 studies published in Teaching and Teacher Education from 2001 to 2010 were collected then, applying the method of quantitative content analysis, categorized by publication year, teacher’s stages of life career, research issues, and research methodologies. The results confirmed that R-PETE was considered as having a legitimate but peripheral relationship with the larger teacher education field during the study period. This paper discusses the implications of this relationship found and provides recommendations for future research on PETE.

多元化師資培育制度自1994 年《師資培育法》實施至今已超過20 年，這個制度的變化過程中，原本獨占師資培育管道的師範校院面臨機構轉型的壓力。本研究之目的在於從組織社會學的觀點，瞭解多元化師資培育制度變革可能對於師資培育機構造成的影響。研究以社會制度論為理論架構，採取個案研究法，透過政策文本分析與訪談，分析我國幾近兩世紀以來師資培育制度的變化，並探究師範校院在此一過程中的因應與轉型。研究結果發現，早期的師資培育制度改革聚焦制度環境忽略技術環境，個案機構採順服制度以取得組織合法性；發展至後期，制度環境與技術環境的差距逐漸縮小，個案機構需要同時考量組織合法性與增加技術效率以提升組織競爭力。為因應師資培育制度的變化，個案組織採取強制性、模仿性與規範性等多種機制，並反映出鬆散的結構特性。最後，根據研究結果對於當前師資培育制度的發展與師範校院的困境，提出批判反省。 The 1994 Teacher Education Act marked the start of a more diversified system of teacher training in Taiwan. Subsequently, the number of teacher education providers increased substantially; consequently, the normal universities and colleges, which had been the dominant organizations participating in teacher preparation in Taiwan, were pressured to adapt. To understand how teacher colleges have adjusted to the reform of the teacher education system, this study conducted a textual analysis of relevant documents and policies released during 1994-2014 and interviewed members of a selected teacher college. Sociological institutionalism was utilized as a theoretical framework to analyze the institutional changes and organizational adaptations. The research findings showed that at the earlier stage of the teacher education reform, the prevailing trend was to focus on changing the institutional environment, and the case study college complied with this orientation in both letter and spirit to maintain its organizational legitimacy. At the later stage, however, the teacher education reform started incorporating additional changes related to the technical environment, and this caused the case study teachers college to increase its focus on technical efficiency to strengthen its organizational competitiveness. The experience of the case study college when choosing among diverse mechanisms (i.e., coercive, mimetic, and normative) to adapt to institutional change revealed that the organization in question exhibited a loosely coupled organizational structure. This paper offers reflections on the institutional reform of teacher education as well as the transformation of the case study teachers college.