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OBJECTIVE: To explore and evaluate the safety signal of oseltamivir after the marketing, so as to provide basis for clinical rational drug use. METHODS: Adverse drug event (ADE) reports with oseltamivir as the first suspected drugs were retrieved from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System ( FAERS) database from Jan. 2004 to Sept. 2022. Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) method and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network ( BCPNN) method were sued to detect the ADE signals, mainly included 11 key system organ classification (SOC) such as gastrointestinal, neurological, psychiatric, and hepatobiliary systems. RESULTS: Totally 794 reports of ADE (794 patients) with oseltamivir as the first suspected drug were collected, with a higher proportion of female patients ( 394 cases, 49. 62%) than male patients ( 297 cases, 37. 41%). The reported ages were all concentrated under 18 years old ( 489 cases, 61. 59%), with 232 cases of SAE ( 29. 22%). The detected ADE signals involved a total of 21 SOC. Analysis of key SOC showed that the signals of neurological system-related ADE were mainly convulsive seizures (ROR = 2. 77, IC = 1. 43), loss of consciousness (ROR = 2. 01, IC = 0. 99), and speech disorders (ROR= 2. 67, IC = 1. 37). The main manifestations of psychiatric disorders were abnormal behavior (ROR= 30. 34, IC = 4. 74), hallucination (ROR = 20. 69, IC = 4. 22), insomnia (ROR = 2. 08, IC = 1. 03). The main manifestations of oseltamivir-related gastrointestinal tract were upper abdominal pain (ROR= 2. 05, IC = 1. 01), vomiting (ROR= 6. 19, IC = 2. 48) and hemorrhagic enterocolitis (ROR = 46. 35, IC = 4. 28). Other systemic highrisk signals were mainly hepatitis fulminant (ROR = 10. 88, IC = 2. 70), acute heart failure (ROR = 5. 89, IC = 2. 17), myocarditis (ROR= 4. 49, IC = 1. 93), disseminated intravascular coagulation (ROR = 2. 60, IC = 1. 25), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (ROR = 3. 44, IC = 1. 70), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (ROR = 2. 06, IC = 0. 94). CONCLUSIONS: During the use of oseltamivir, in addition to close attention to common ADE such as convulsive seizures, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, insomnia, vomiting and epigastric pain, SAE such as hepatitis fulminant, acute heart failure,and disseminated intravascular coagulation should be monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJCETIVE: To systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of argatroban combined with alteplase in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, so as to provide evidence-based support for clinical drug selection. METHODS: PubMed, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP databases were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCT) of agattriban combined with alteplase ( observation group) versus alteplase alone (control group) in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction ( retrieval time from database establishment to Oct. 2021). After data extraction and quality evaluation, Meta-analysis was carried out by RevMan 5. 3 statistical software. RESULTS: A total of 18 RCT were enrolled, including 1 701 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate (RR = 1. 18,95%CI = 1. 13-1. 24,P<0. 000 01), recovery rate (RR = 1. 48,95%CI = 1. 23-1. 79,P<0. 000 1) and significant effective rate (RR = 1. 23,95%CI = 1. 07-1. 41,P = 0. 004) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the ineffective rate ( RR = 0. 20,95% CI = 0. 06-0. 68,P = 0. 01) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (MD= -1. 68,95%CI = -1. 99--1. 38,P<0. 000 01) were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups ( RR = 0. 88,95% CI = 0. 64-1. 22,P = 0. 46). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with alteplase alone, agatroban combined with alteplase has better clinical efficacy and comparable safety in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and economy of Kuhuang injection for viral hepatitis with damp heat syndrome. METHODS: The database was retrieved for the clinical research of Kuhuang injection and Shuganning injection in the treatment of viral hepatitis, the clinical efficacy was evaluated by the network Meta-analysis method, and the economical efficiency was evaluated by the minimum cost method. RESULTS: A total of 22 articles were included in this study. Network Meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of Kuhuang injection and Shuganning injection were basically the same. Results of the minimum cost method showed that the daily drug cost of Kuhuang injection (42. 52 yuan) was lower than that of Shuganning injection (323. 80 yuan). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of Kuhuang injection for viral hepatitis with damp heat syndrome is basically the same as Shuganning injection, yet the cost is lower than Shuganning injection, which has economic advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical trial registration and methodological design characteristics of anticoagulants during pregnancy based on ClinicalTrials database. METHODS: Based on keywords related to anticoagulants and pregnancy, the ClinicalTrials clinical trial registration platform was retrieved, the title and intervention measures were selected, and relevant information was extracted according to the registration content. Registration characteristics such as number of registrations, study phase, country / region, and study type were analyzed, methodological design characteristics such as drug types involved, pregnancy-related diseases, observational outcomes, blind method, and sample size were evaluated. RESULTS: Through two-person search and screening, 109 studies related to anticoagulants in pregnancy were finally included, and a total of 19 relevant studies were involved in China. The main purposes of the study design were intervention study and parallel control study for prevention and treatment use of anticoagulants. Fifty studies were blinded, with more studies blinded to the investigator and the patient. Aspirin and low molecular weight heparin were evaluated in 70 and 50 studies respectively, pregnancy hypertension and eclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombotic disease were the top three conditions. In the completed clinical studies, the average sample size and duration were 780 cases and 3. 9 years, respectively. Pilot study and interim analysis were highlighted in the studies terminated, withdrawn and suspended. CONCLUSIONS: Through the analysis of clinical study characteristics and methodology design of ClinicalTrials platform, it can effectively provide reference for the design and management of clinical trials of anticoagulants during pregnancy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the molecular mechanism of Congrong Yishen granules in the treatment of oligospermia and asthenospermia based on network pharmacology. METHODS: The active components were collected and the possible targets in Congrong Yishen granules were predicted by BATMAN-TCM database and PubChem database. Genetic targets of oligoasthenospermia were collected from GeneCards, online Mendelian inheritance in man and PharmGkb database. The MLC online tool was used to intermingle the screened drug targets and disease gene targets to obtain common targets. Protein-protein interaction ( PPI) network was constructed by analyzing common targets by using STRING platform. Cytoscape software (v3. 9. 0) was used to draw the drug-active component-targetdisease network map. Gene ontology ( GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes ( KEGG) enrichment analysis were carried out by the data visualization platform of Hiplot. RESULTS: Totally 101 active components and 69 disease-related targets with high correlation with oligospermia and asthenospermia were observed after being screened, which were mainly involved in signaling pathways including steroid hormone biosynthesis, NF-κB signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, response to steroid metabolic process, steroid hormone response, and cellular ketone metabolic process. CONCLUSIONS: Congrong Yishen granules have multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways characteristics in the treatment of oligospermia and asthenospermia, reflecting the overall feature of Chinese medicine compound prescription, which provides new directions and new ideas for further research on the molecular mechanism of action of Congrong Yishen granules in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yiguanjian decoction combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of ascites induced by liver cirrhosis. METHODS: CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, Embase, Web of science, PubMed and Clinical Trials databases were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials that met the screening criteria (the control group received conventional western medicine, while the observation group received Yiguanjian decoction on the basis of control group ), the search time was from the establishment of the database until Feb. 2023. The Cochrane Collaboration Network bias risk assessment was used for quality assessment, and Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5. 4 software. RESULTS: Totally 15 articles were enrolled, including 1 147 patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the treatment regimen in the observation group could improve the total effective rate (RR = 1. 31,95%CI = 1. 24-1. 40,P<0. 000 01) and reduce abdominal circumference (MD = - 8. 26,95% CI = - 10. 44-- 6. 09,P < 0. 000 01), decrease body mass (MD= -6. 86,95%CI = -8. 23--5. 48,P<0. 000 01), increase 24 h urine volume (MD = 465. 38,95%CI = 351. 27- 579. 48,P<0. 000 01), and shorten disappearance time of ascites (MD= -7. 29,95%CI = -13. 97--0. 61,P = 0. 03), and improve liver function. Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse drug reactions in the observation group decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Yiguanjian decoction can improve the efficacy of conventional western medicine treatment of cirrhotic ascites, with few adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk and high-risk period of recurrence after discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in adult patients with focal epilepsy, to analyze the recurrent risk and related risk factors within 2 years of drug discontinuation, and to identify the predictors of recurrence after drug discontinuation in patients who have been epilepsy-free for more than 2 years, so as to provide more basis for rational clinical medication. METHODS: Using the Epilepsy Follow-up Registry database, 108 adult patients with focal epilepsy in the hospital from Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2020 were followed up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the risk and time of recurrence, and Cox proportional risk regression model was used to determine the predictors. RESULTS: Among the 108 patients, 39 patients developed recurrence, 8 of which occurred during drug reduction and 31 occurred after complete discontinuation. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the probabilities of recurrence at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 84 months after discontinuation of AEDs were 24. 0%, 20. 4%, 8. 3%, 2. 7%, 4. 6%, 0. 97% and 0. 98%, respectively. Most recurrences occurred within 24 months of drug discontinuation, especially within 12 months of drug discontinuation. After 24 months of drug discontinuation, the probability of epilepsy recurrence decreased, especially after 60 months of drug discontinuation, with recurrence rate of <1% and a very low horizontal curve, only 2 patients recurred at 64 and 84 months of drug discontinuation, respectively. In addition, the cumulative probabilities of epilepsy recurrence at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of AEDs discontinuation was 24. 0%, 41. 3%, 48. 4%, 51. 1% and 56. 9%, respectively. Multiple-factor analysis indicated that gender, electroencephalography abnormality, seizure frequency >4 times/ month, dose reduction duration ≤6 months and combined use of AEDs were the independent risk factors for epilepsy recurrence in patients (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Adult patients with focal epilepsy are at high risk for epilepsy recurrence within 24 months of drug discontinuation, and the rate of epilepsy recurrence over 60 months of drug discontinuation is < 1%. For adult patients with focal epilepsy, gender, abnormal electroencephalogram, frequency of seizures>4 times/ month, duration of drug reduction ≤ 6 months, and combined use of AED are independent risk factors for recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the economy of Qianggu capsules (QC) in the treatment of primary osteoporosis (POP), so as to provide reference for the rational allocation of medical medication resources. METHODS: TreeAge Pro software was used to analyze the cost-effectiveness of QC + Alendronate sodium tablets (AST) vs. AST on POP. The cost parameters were obtained from the Menet database and related literature. Meanwhile, the short-term economic efficiency of two treatment was evaluated according to the decrease in visual analogue method (VAS) score obtained from the clinical study, and the intervention time simulated by the model was 6 months. The robustness of this study was verified by single factor sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: The results of basic analysis showed that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of QC +AST group was 1 982. 69 yuan/point, that is, compared with AST alone, the use of QC+AST for POP patients would cost 1 982. 69 yuan more for each additional 1 point of VAS score reduction. When the patients’ personal willingness to pay threshold was higher than 1 982. 69 yuan, the probability of QC+AST group being economic was higher than that of AST group. The results of sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the results of the basic analysis. The clinical efficacy, price of QC and medication compliance of the patient in QC+AST group had a certain impact on the results of the study. When the patients’ personal willingness to pay threshold was more than 1 400 yuan, the intervention regimen with higher economic probability was consistent with the results of the basic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: When the individual willing to pay threshold is more than 1 400 yuan, it is more economical for POP patients to use QC+AST to improve pain symptoms than AST alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To explore and evaluate the risk of adverse drug events (ADE) induced by new antiepileptic drug pirampanide based on Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, so as to provide reference for clinical safe drug use. METHODS: Data of 37 quarters (from the first quarter of 2013 to the first quarter of 2022) in the FAERS database were mined by the ratio imbalance method. ADE reports of pirampanide that met the risk signal detection criteria were extracted and analyzed, and compared with the drug instructions to discover new ADE and analyze its rules. RESULTS: A total of 17 112 reports of perampanel-associated ADE were extracted. ADE with high reporting frequency and strong signal, which were not marked in the drug instructions, were mainly distributed in nervous system diseases, multiple drug resistance, congenital diseases, decreased anticoagulant effect and metabolic and nutritional diseases. CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be paid to the adverse drug reactions of nervous system when using pirampanide in clinical practice. For special patients, the status should be evaluated, and the optimal drug dose should be explored to ensure the medication safety of patients through individualized treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, so as to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and CNKI were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial of dupilumab in the treatment of adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (the study group received dupilumab, while the control group was given placebo). The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Jun. 2022. RevMan 5. 3 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: Totally 10 randomized controlled trials were enrolled, including 3 383 patients. Proportion of patients in the study group with eczema area and severity index ≥ 75% of baseline remission (EASI75) were significantly higher than control group (total: RR = 3. 01,95%CI = 2. 62- 3. 46, P<0. 000 01; 300 mg, qw: RR = 2. 91, 95%CI = 2. 38-3. 55, P<0. 000 01; 300 mg, q2w: RR = 3. 16,95%CI = 2. 56-3. 89, P<0. 000 01), proportion of patients in the study group with eczema area and severity index ≥50% of baseline remission (EASI50) were significantly higher than control group (total: RR = 2. 43, 95%CI = 2. 24-2. 64, P< 0. 000 01; 300 mg, qw: RR = 2. 32, 95%CI = 2. 09-2. 59, P<0. 000 01; 300 mg, q2w: RR = 2. 58, 95%CI = 2. 27- 2. 93, P<0. 000 01), with statistically significant differences. Meanwhile, compared with the proportion of patients in the study group with IGA score of 0 or 1 points (clear or almost clear), the proportion of patients in the study group whose score of pruritus index (NRS) decreased by more than 3 points and other six effectiveness indicators, the study group was significantly better than that of control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Through the comparative analysis of 300 mg qw and 300 mg q2w, there was no significant difference in each effectiveness index between two administration methods (P>0. 05). In terms of safety, the incidence of serious adverse reactions and skin allergy in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the incidence of injection site reaction, headache and oral herpes in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of total adverse drug reactions, upper respiratory tract reaction and other safety indicators between the study group and the control group (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference between 300 mg qw and 300 mg q2w in various safety indicators (P> 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of dupilumab in the treatment of adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis is significant, and the adverse drug reactions are mild and tolerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the establishment and improvement of the national essential drug system, the comprehensive evaluation of essential drugs has also put forward higher requirements. This paper has searched relevant databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP database and PubMed to review the current situation and methods of comprehensive evaluation of drugs at home and abroad. The comprehensive evaluation methods of essential drugs are discussed from six perspectives, including safety, effectiveness, economy, maturity, appropriateness and accessibility, and to explore the evaluation methods of essential drugs suitable for Chinese characteristics, so as to provide reference for the construction and improvement of the comprehensive evaluation system of essential drugs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of statins in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome in this hospital, and to probe into the possible drug interactions between various types of statins and cyclosporine, so as to provide reference for rational clinical drug selection. METHODS: The application of statins in patients diagnosed with primary nephrotic syndrome in outpatient department in this hospital from Jan. to Jun. 2022 was retrospectively analyzed; the categories of statins used and their possible drug interactions with cyclosporine were compared and analyzed by using the Lexicomp drug interaction database and dispensatory. RESULTS: From Jan. to Jun. 2022, the main statins used by patients with primary nephrotic syndrome in this hospital included pravastatin, fluvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin; among them, simvastatin and rosuvastatin were definitely prohibited in combination with cyclosporine in the “contraindications” of the dispensatory. In the Lexicomp database, the drugs with D-class interactions with cyclosporine were pravastatin, fluvastatin and resulvastatin; the drugs with X-class interaction with cyclosporine were simvastatin and atorvastatin. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome, there are interactions between cyclosporine and statins, and the literature reports do not fully agree with the dispensatory; physicians need to take a comprehensive consideration when making decisions, choosing pravastatin and fluvastatin may be more desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fuyang granules combined with antihistamines in the treatment of chronic urticaria (CU). METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBase, W anfang data base, CNKI and CBM database were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial ( RCT) of Fuyang granules combined with antihistamines in the treatment of CU ( the study group was given Fuyang granules combined with antihistamines, while the control group received antihistamines). The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to May 2021. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5. 4 software after selection of literature, extraction of information and evaluation of risk of bias in the included literature by two researchers. RESULTS : Totally 10 RCT were collected, including 873 patients( 451 patients in the study group and 422 patients in the control group) . Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate( OR= 4. 31, 95%CI = 2. 78-6. 68, P

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of Fuke Qianjin tablets (capsule) combined with clindamycin in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials in Chinese and English on Fuke Qianjin tablets (capsule) combined with clindamycin in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory[the research group was given Fuke Qianjin tablets (capsule) combined with clindamycin, while the control group was given clindamycin alone] were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang database VIP database and PubMed from base-building to Nov. 2020, after the literature screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data was extracted and evaluated or publication risk bias, and the RevMan 5. 3 was adopted to conduct a Meta-analysis on the included literature. RESULTS:Totally 12 studies were involved, including 1 426 patients, of which 715 patients were in the research group and 711 patients were in the control group; 7 studies had mentioned adverse drug reactions. Results of Meta-analysis indicated that the effective rate(OR = 3. 31, 95% CI = 2. 38-4. 59, Z = 7. 15, P<0. 000 01), incidence of adverse drug reactions (OR = 0. 43, 95% CI = 0. 25-0. 74, Z = 3. 04, P = 0. 002), improvement of hypogastralgia(MD= -0. 73, 95%CI = -0. 84--0. 62, Z = 12. 80, P<0. 000 01) and improvement of leucorrhea amount (MD= -0. 80, 95%CI = -0. 98--0. 61, Z = 8. 38, P<0. 000 01) of research group were significantly better than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS:The combination of Fuke Qianjin tablets (capsule)and clindamycin has good effectiveness and high safety in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the potential mechanism of rhizoma atractylodes macrocephala in compatible with radix paeoniae alba in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) based on network pharmacology. METHODS: The Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform( TCMSP) was retrieved for the chemical components and effect targets of rhizoma atractylodes macrocephala and radix paeoniae alba, and the genes corresponding to the targets were queried by Uniprot database, the IBS disease targets were obtained through GeneCards database, disease-related genes and mutation loci database and therapeutic target database. Wayne intersection analysis was performed on drug pair action target genes and disease targets, the Cytoscape 3. 7. 2 software was adopted to construct a "drug pair-active component-effect target" network and the String database was used to analyze protein-protein interactions. Meanwhile, the gene ontology(GO) functional enrichment analysis and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by using the Metascape database platform. RESULTS: Through screening, totally 20 kinds of active components corresponding to 89 potential effect targets were obtained from the rhizoma atractylodes macrocephala-radix paeoniae alba pair; 1 774 disease targets were obtained by IBS after de-duplication, and 55 intersecting targets existed after comparison. Among them, 20 kinds of major active components, including kaempferol, 3β-acetoxy, β-sitosterol, catechin, 8β-ethoxy atractylolactone III, paeoniflorin and sitosterol, might act on IBS through 55 potential key targets, including AKT1, IL-6, TNF, PTGS2, JUN, CAT and CASP3. Totally 47 GO items were obtained from GO functional enrichment analysis(P≤0. 01), of which 20 items were biological process, 9 items were cell constituent, 18 items were molecular function, mainly involving toxic substance stress response, blood circulation, reactive oxygen metabolic process and xenobiotic stress response. Totally 15 signaling pathways were obtained from KEGG pathway enrichment analysis (P≤0. 01), including AGE- RAGE signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway in diabetic complications. CONCLUSIONS: The network pharmacological analysis revealed that the potentially active components of rhizoma atractylodes macrocephala-radix paeoniae alba pair including kaempferol, paeoniflorin, 8β-ethoxylated atractylolactone III and β-sitosterol mainly plays the therapeutic role in the treatment of IBS by regulating the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway and other mechanisms of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible mechanism of drug pair of cremastrae pseudobulbus pleiones pseudobulbus and gleditsiae spina in treatment of lung cancer based on network pharmacology. METHODS: The active ingredients and targets of drug pair of cremastrae pseudobulbus pleiones pseudobulbus and gleditsiae spina were inquired through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform( TCMSP) database and then the targets were coverted into gene ID through Uniprot database. The lung cancer related targets were inquired from online mendelian inheritance in man and Genecards database. Venn Diagram was drawn to obtain the intersection of targets and disease targets by Draw Venn Diagram, and String data and Metascape online database were used for enrichment analysis. The results were visualized by Cytoscape 3. 7. 2, showing the screened core targets and protein-protein interaction networks. RESULTS: A total 10 active ingredients and 202 potential targets were obtained. There were 141 possible targets for lung cancer, and 20 core targets were screened. After gene ontology functional enrichment analysis, 851 biological processes were involved. After enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia pathways, 110 signaling pathways were involved, among which the IL-17 pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and VEGF pathway were the main pathways that were frequently explored in the development of lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The potential mechanism of drug pair of cremastrae pseudobulbus pleiones pseudobulbus and gleditsiae spina in intervention for lung cancer treatment through multi-target and multi-pathway may be related to the inhibition of tumor division and growth, inhibition of angiogenesis near the tumor and control of tumor metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical evidence of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction based on evidence-based pharmacy, so as to provide evidence-based evidence for clinical treatment and decision makers. METHODS: Systematic review / Meta-analysis on Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction(the Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation group was given Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation alone or in combination with other drugs, while the control group was given placebo or other positive control drugs)were collected after retrieving PubMed, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI and Wanfang database, two researchers performed comprehensive analysis after literature screening, data extracting and quality evaluation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Totally 4 pieces of systematic review / Meta-anlysis were involved, with the average score of assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) was 6. 3 points. Results of analysis indicated that the Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation can significantly improve the clinical effective rate in the treatment of gastrointestinal cold, which also had significantly better effect than western medicine in improving chills, fever and bowel diarrhea; Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation combined with conventional treatment or combined with norfloxacin can significantly improve the total effective rate in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis, which had significantly better effect in improvin g fever and vomiting than that of conventional treatment or norfloxacin alone, the combined application of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation and norfloxacin can significantly improve the symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea; the effectiveness of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation on functional dyspepsia was equivalent to domperidone(or combined with gefaxacin). Due to the limited safety data, the results show that compared with the control group, the incidence of adverse drug reactions in the Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation group did not increase significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Huoxiang Zhengqi oral preparation has good effectiveness and safety in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, especially in combination with western conventional therapy. While the above result still need to be validated by additional high-quality clinical researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of loteprednol combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of moderate-severe dry eye METHODS: Randomized controlled trials on loteprednol combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of moderate-severe dry eye ( the research group was given loteprednol combined with sodium hyaluronate for eye-dropping, while the control group was given sodium hyaluronate alone) were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBase, CNKI, Wanfang database and CBM from basebuilding to Feb. 2021. After independently literature screening, information extracting and bias evaluation by two researchers, RevMan 5. 4 was adopted to conduct Meta-analysis. RESULTS: Totally 8 studies were involved, including 771 patients(1 416 eyes), of which 387 patients(710 eyes) were in the research group, and 384 patients(706 eyes) were in the control group. Results of Meta-analysis indicated that in terms of effectiveness, the total effective rate (OR = 3. 14,95%CI = 1. 81-5. 45,P<0. 000 1), score of dry eye symptom(MD = -9. 49,95%CI = -9. 94--9. 04,P<0. 000 01), breakup time of tear film ( BUT) at 2 weeks after treatment ( MD = 1. 92, 95% CI = 1. 72-2. 12, P < 0. 000 01), BUT at 4 weeks after treatment(MD = 3. 56,95%CI = 3. 22-3. 91,P<0. 000 01), BUT at 6 weeks after treatment(MD= 4. 40,95%CI = 3. 97-4. 83,P<0. 000 01), BUT at 8 weeks after treatment(MD= 5. 14,95%CI = 4. 81- 5. 48,P<0. 000 01), score of corneal fluorescein staining at 2 weeks after treatment(MD = -2. 27,95%CI = -2. 58- -1. 97,P<0. 000 01), score of corneal fluorescein staining at 6 weeks after treatment(MD = -2. 42,95%CI = -2. 77- -2. 06,P<0. 000 01), score of corneal fluorescein staining at 8 weeks after treatment(MD = -2. 67,95%CI = -2. 94- -2. 40,P<0. 000 01) and result of Schirmer test( Schirmer Ⅰ) (MD = 0. 20,95%CI = 0. 11-0. 29,P<0. 000 01) of research group were significantly higher those of the control group, with statistically significantly differences; in terms of safety, there was no statistical significance in the difference in incidences of adverse drug reactions between two groups(OR = 0. 76,95%CI = 0. 37-1. 57,P = 0. 46>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Present evidence shows that loteprednol combined with sodium hyaluronate is safe, effective and quickly effected in the treatment of moderate-severe dry eye, which has obvious advantages over sodium hyaluronate alone. The result evidence is limited by the quantity and quality of involved studies, and the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BJECTIVE: To preliminarily investigate the mechanism of Semen cuscutae pills of Lingzhu in the treatment of renal proteinuria based on network pharmacology. METHODS: TCMSP was used for getting the active ingredients and targets of components of Semen cuscutae pills of Lingzhu, the targets related with renal proteinuria were obtained by searching OMIM and Gene Cards databases, Venn analysis of the obtained data sets was carried out to acquire the target of Semen cuscutae pills of Lingzhu on renal proteinuria. Visualized processing was conducted by Cytoscape software after the construction of protein interaction network by String database. Gene ontology ( GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes( KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were carried out based on DAVID database. RESULTS: There were 138 kinds of active ingredient and 75 concurrent targets of Semen cuscutae pills of Lingzhu acting on renal proteinuria. 93 items was inquired from GO function enrichment analysis;119 items were inquired from KEGG function enrichment analysis, including tumor signal pathway, process of cell apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor signal pathway, etc. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of Semen cuscutae pills of Lingzhu in the treatment of renal proteinuria has been predicted through network pharmacology, which could provide reference for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuezhikang capsules combined with statins in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Xuezhikang capsules combined with statins in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (the study group was given Xuezhikang capsules combined with statins, while the control group received statins). The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Dec. 2020. Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Parameters of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were extracted. RevMan5. 3 software was used for Meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias detection. RESULTS: A total of 11 literature that met the criteria were included, with a total of 1 559 cases, including 782 cases in the study group and 777 cases in the control group. Adverse drug reactions were mentioned in 6 literature. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (OR =3. 60, 95% CI = 2. 56-5. 07, Z = 7. 33, P<0. 000 01, I² = 0%<50%), the levels of TC(MD = -0. 58, 95%CI = -0. 66--0. 50, Z =14. 23, P<0. 000 01, I2 = 49%<50%), TG(MD = -0. 24, 95%CI = -0. 28--0. 20, Z = 11. 39, P<0. 000 01, I² = 46%<50%) and LDL-C(MD = -0. 40, 95%CI = -0. 45--0. 35, Z = 14. 54, P <0. 000 01, I2 = 48%< 50%) and other indicators were significantly lower than those of the control group, the level of HDL-C was significantly higher than that of the control group (MD =0. 23, 95%CI =0. 20-0. 26, Z =16. 13, P<0. 000 01, I2 =44%< 50%), and the incidence of adverse drug reactions was significantly lower than that of the control group (OR =0. 41, 95%CI = 0. 19-0. 91, Z = 2. 19, P <0. 03, I² = 5%<50%), with statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Xuezhikang capsules combined with statins in the treatment of hyperlipidemia has better comprehensive efficacy and lower incidence of adverse drug reactions than statins alone, and its effects in reducing TG, TC, LDL-C and increasing HDL-C are significantly better than that of statins alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of milinone as anti-heart failure drug in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn ( PPHN), so as to provide reference for the evidence-based medicine and new treatment method. METHODS: PubMed, EMBase, Medline, the Cochrane Library, CNKI,VIP database, Wanfang database and CBM were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of milrinone + conventional treatment (study group) vs. conventional treatment (control group) for PPHN. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Oct. 2019. The literature were screened, data were extracted and literature quality was evaluated according to the Jadad scale. Total response rate, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP),arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2 ) and oxygenation index (OI) were analyzed by using RevMan 5. 3 statistical software. RESULTS: Totally 12 literature were extracted,including 722 children. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate(RD =0. 19,95%CI =0. 13-0. 24,P<0. 000 01) and PaO2 (MD =10. 54,95%CI = 6. 89-14. 19, P<0. 000 01) of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and PASP was significantly lower than that of the control group (MD = -10. 24,95% CI = -14. 07--6. 40,P <0. 000 01),the differences were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in OI between two groups (MD = -0. 83,95%CI = -5. 92- 4. 26,P =0. 75>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of anti-heart failure drug milrinone can greatly improve the total clinical treatment efficiency and PaO2 of children with PPHN, reduce the PASP, and greatly help to improve the quality of life of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the possible mechanism of Ganlu Xiaodu decoction in the treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology. METHODS: SPSS Clementine 12. 0 software was used to analyze the network correlation rules of nature flavor and channel tropism of all medicinal materials in Ganlu Xiaodu decoction. The active ingredients and corresponding action targets of Ganlu Xiaodu decoction were obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform ( TCMSP ), Batman-TCM, TCMID and other databases. GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to search related genes of species Homo sapiens corresponding to COVID-19, and the software was imported to construct Ganlu Xiaodu decoction-COVID-19-target network. The PPI network of active compound targets was made by STRING database, and the gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of active compound targets were performed by using the Bioconductor package in R language to predict the mechanism of action. RESULTS: Ganlu Xiaodu decoction was characterized by mild cold in nature, bitter taste, which was mainly for the heart, lung, spleen and stomach. A total of 219 drug targets were obtained by Ganlu Xiaodu decoction, and 259 disease targets were obtained by COVID-19. Eventually, 25 key targets for treatment were obtained by taking the intersection. Totally 74 GO items were obtained from GO functional enrichment. KEGG pathway enrichment resulted in 145 signaling pathways. PPI network analysis showed that EGFR, IL-6, MAPK8, CASP3, FOS, RELA, CASP8, NOS3, PPARG, ICAM1 and other target proteins may be potential key targets for Ganlu Xiaodu decoction to prevent and treat COVID-19 diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin, luteolin, baicalin, kaempferol and other components in Ganlu Xiaodu decoction may be the effective components in the treatment of COVID-19, and the mechanism may be related to the comprehensive effects of these components by acting on multiple targets, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immune regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Reduning injection in the treatment of respiratory infection based on literature analysis, so as to provide evidence-based evidence for clinical practice and decisionmakers. METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed database were systematically retrieved to collect the systematic review/Meta-analysis of Reduning injection in the treatment of respiratory infection（ the intervention group was given Reduning injection alone or in combination with other drugs, the control group received placebo or other positive drugs, alone or in combination with other drugs）. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality.The evidence was comprehensively combed and analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 8 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis were included.In terms of community-acquired pneumonia, the combined application of Reduning injection on the basis of conventional antibacterial treatment can significantly increase the effective rate and significantly shorten the disappearance time of related clinical symptoms, the differences are statistically significant（ P＜0. 05）.The effect of Reduning injection was comparable to that of Xiyanping injection, Yanhuning injection and Tanreqing injection. Compared with ribavirin, Xiyanping injection and Qingkailing injection, Reduning injection might have some advantages in the treatment effectiveness of upper respiratory tract infection. Limited data showed that compared with the control group, the application of Reduning injection did not increase the safety risk.CONCLUSIONS: Combined application of Reduning injection on the basis of conventional treatment can improve the effectiveness of the treatment of respiratory infection, which is basically equivalent to or has certain advantages with ribavirin and other traditional Chinese medicine injections.Due to the limited quality of the included literature, the above results still need to be verified by further high-quality clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Reduning injection in the treatment of respiratory infection based on literature analysis, so as to provide evidence-based evidence for clinical practice and decisionmakers. METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed database were systematically retrieved to collect the systematic review/Meta-analysis of Reduning injection in the treatment of respiratory infection (the intervention group was given Reduning injection alone or in combination with other drugs, the control group received placebo or other positive drugs, alone or in combination with other drugs) . According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality. The evidence was comprehensively combed and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 8 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis were included. In terms of community-acquired pneumonia, the combined application of Reduning injection on the basis of conventional antibacterial treatment can significantly increase the effective rate and significantly shorten the disappearance time of related clinical symptoms, the differences are statistically significant (P＜0. 05) . The effect of Reduning injection was comparable to that of Xiyanping injection, Yanhuning injection and Tanreqing injection. Compared with ribavirin, Xiyanping injection and Qingkailing injection, Reduning injection might have some advantages in the treatment effectiveness of upper respiratory tract infection. Limited data showed that compared with the control group, the application of Reduning injection did not increase the safety risk. CONCLUSIONS: Combined application of Reduning injection on the basis of conventional treatment can improve the effectiveness of the treatment of respiratory infection, which is basically equivalent to or has certain advantages with ribavirin and other traditional Chinese medicine injections. Due to the limited quality of the included literature, the above results still need to be verified by further high-quality clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To identify the components (groups) and targets of coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus in the intervention of depression, and explore the mechanism of coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus in the treatment of depression. METHODS: The potential active components of coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus were screened out from traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. The target of active components was selected in Swiss Target Prediction database. With the help of the Gene Card database, relevant targets for depression diseases were predicted and extracted. Cytoscape software was used to construct "component-target-disease" network, and STRING database platform was used to construct the protein interaction network. Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by using David platform and R language. RESULTS: A total of 41 potential active components of coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus were extrected, including 11 cases of coptidis rhizoma, 27 cases ofeuodiae fructus, and 3 cases of coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus. Through the analysis of "component-target-disease" network node, 10 active components of coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus were further obtained, which mainly included berberine, B-sitosterol, euodiae fructus rutaecarpine and palmatine. By acting on targets of PTGS2, ACHE, MAOA, AR, BCHE and DRD2, coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus could regulate the signal transduction of serotonergic synaptic pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP receptor pathway and cGMP-PKG pathway in the intervention of depression. CONCLUSIONS: This study preliminarily clarifies the material basis and mechanism of coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus in the intervention of depression, and reveals the integrity and systematicness of coptidis rhizoma and euodiae fructus in the treatment of depression to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical dose and application rule of Schisandrae chinensis fructus based on the prescription data collected by monitoring platform for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces in medical institutions in Beijing.METHODS: Through the monitoring platform for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces in medical institutions in 2018 in Beijing, internal prescriptions with Schisandrae chinensis fructus in outpatient were collected from 6 traditional Chinese medicine grade Ⅲ, level A hospitals in Beijing. The database was established, and Excel 2010 software was used to calculate the dose frequency, frequency, distribution of main treatment, classification and proportion of compatible drugs of Schisandrae chinensis fructus, and the basic drug dose and compatibility structure rule were analyzed. RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSIONS: The total frequency of Schisandrae chinensis fructus was 12 417 times. The commonly used dose range of Schisandrae chinensis fructus in clinical practice was from 6 to 12 g, the commonly used dose was 10 g（ 5 967 times, 48. 06%） and 6 g（ 3 248 times, 26. 16%）, and the common dose for children was 6 g.The main diseases of Schisandrae chinensis fructus were lung diseases, followed by heart diseases. A total of 745 traditional Chinese medicines were enrolled in the prescriptions, among which 183 were highly compatible with Schisandrae chinensis fructus, and the compatible drugs could be divided into 16 categories.The top three in the list of compatibility frequency were tonic, heat-clearing and antipyretic drugs.The dose ratio of Schisandrae chinensis fructus and its common traditional Chinese medicine was 1 ∶ 1. The data analysis results objectively reflected the clinical application rule of Schisandrae chinensis fructus in 6 traditional Chinese medicine grade Ⅲ, level A hospitals in Beijing, which could provide reference for the clinical application of Schisandrae chinensis fructus and the prescription review of traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece in outpatient department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]