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Vector-borne diseases are not only global public health issues, but also a great concern to military medical support. Strategies to biologically control vector and prevent vector bites can protect population from infection with vector-borne diseases at community levels, and the development of effective vaccines and drugs could prevent the infection of a given important vector-borne disease. Although great progress has been achieved in the researches on vector control and repellents and malaria vaccine, highly effective measures to prevent vector-borne diseases are still lack. Therefore, it is still urgent to explore the underlying mechanism of genetic manipulation of vector populations by gene drive system, and host seeking by vectors, as well as host protective immune responses against major vector-borne diseases in the future.