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Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The supply of soybean meal in China is mostly dependent on imports. It is of great significance to implement the reduction and substitution of soybean meal for ensuring the safety of feed and the stable development of livestock and poultry breeding. The paper summarized the ways of reducing soybean meal and substituting soybean meal in Gaomi city, such as connecting agriculture and animal husbandry on the spot, popularization of standardized breeding practical technology, product test and scientific and technological research, construction of mulberry protein industry technology system, to explore the utilization of local protein feed resources, popularize low protein diet technology, guide feed production enterprises and breeding enterprises to carry out soybean meal reduction and alternative use, etc. This paper aiming to provide a practical approach to implement the "feed soybean meal reduction and substitution of three-year action plan" of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and carry out the replacement action of county soybean meal reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To systematically evaluate the regulatory effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides on rodents immune function, RevMan3.5 software and Cochrane method was used to analyze. A total of 311 papers were obtained by computerized search of CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, Web of science and Science Direct databases on relevant literature on the effect of yupengfeng polysaccharides on the immunity of rodent, 14 papers were screened according to the inclusion criteria, and Meta-analysis was performed by using the software of RevMan3.5. Lymphocyte proliferation stimulation index (SI), interleukin 2 (IL-2), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), molecular surface-specific marker molecule of helper T cells/cytotoxic lymphocyte molecular surface-specific marker molecule of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD4+ /CD8+ ), splenic index, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Among them, SI, IL-2, CD4+ /CD8+, spleen index and TGF-β1, showed significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05), while, SIgA, was not significantly altered (P>0.05) compared with the control group. Sensitivity analyses showed that the analyzed literature had stability and reliability. The publication bias results showed that IL-2 was biased, while CD4+ /CD8+ and spleen index were not. In conclusion, result indicated that Yupingfeng polysaccharide could improve the immune function of rodents to a certain extent, and more studies should be conducted to further verify its immunomodulatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Forage maize, with its rich nutrition and high palatability, is an important crop in the develop‐ ment of animal husbandry. With the rapid devel‐ opment of animal husbandry in our country and the continuous advancement of the policy of "changing crop to forage", Chinese forage maize industry has developed rapidly, and the yield and quality have greatly improved. However, the plant‐ ing area of forage maize is limited, and most vari‐ eties are traditional. How to improve the yield and quality of forage maize with limited resources is an urgent problem to be solved in forage maize industry. At present, many in-depth studies have been carried out on the cultivation measures of forage maize. In this paper, the current status of forage maize and the research on its high yield and quality cultivation in recent years are reviewed, including the ef‐ fects of cultivation measures on the yield and quality of forage maize, such as variety selection, planting mode, planting density, nitrogen fertilizer application and harvest time. It also covers the research related to the use of forage maize in cultivating animals. The aim of the paper is to provide important reference for the quality production of forage maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant extracts are natural active substances derived from plants, which have the functions of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, regulating flora. They are widely used in medicine, food and other fields. Many studies have showed that plant extracts have great beneficial effects in animal husbandry and are important green feed additives. In this paper, the research progress on application of plant extracts in laying hens was reviewed. The regulatory effects of plant polyphenols, plant polysaccharides, plant flavonoids and alkaloids on the productive performance, anti-oxidative, immune function, lipid metabolism and intestinal flora of layers were emphatically described. The purpose of this paper was to provide reference for the application in layer production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ruminant milk has been the main source of milk produced and consumed worldwide. But with the promotion of functional foods, people began to shift their attention to niche dairy products. The composition of mare's milk is similar to that of human milk and has unique healthcare effects and is hypoallergenic, so it has received widespread attention. The increase in demand for mare milk has also made dairy horses a research hotspot. This paper systematically summarized the contents from tissues and organs to molecular breeding, including the structure of horse udders, lactation rules, mare milk components and characteristics, factors affecting milk production and the molecular regulatory mechanism of lactation. It was hoped to provide a reference for theoretical and practical research ondairy horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of nutrient metabolism of ruminants is inseparable from the study of rumen fermentation. In recent years, the prices of corn and soybean meal are high, and often rely on imports. In order to avoid human and animal competition for food, in the environment of cost saving and efficiency, people are seeking precision nutrition. Dietary energy and protein levels are important for ruminants to maintain normal physiological requirements and ensure rumen fermentation. Volatile fatty acids are the main products of rumen fermentation and important substances of energy metabolism in ruminants, and microbial proteins in rumen provide the main protein nutrition for ruminants. Therefore, the effects of different energy nitrogen levels on rumen fermentation in ruminants were reviewed in this paper from two aspects (energy to nitrogen ratio and simultaneous release of energy to nitrogen), so as to provide reference for formulating precise diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duckweed, a monocotyledonous plant, is rich in protein, sugar, trace elements, vitamins and other nutrients, as well as bioactive substances such as flavonoids, terpenoids and polysaccharides. It plays an active role in improving animal growth performance, immune function and product quality. It can be used as a high quality plant protein source or feed additive in animal feed. In this paper, the nutrients and bioactive substances in duckweed and their biological functions in feed were summarized in order to provide scientific basis for further development and application of duckweed in feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the shortage of protein resources in China, rapid changes in the international situation, and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, animal husbandry practitioners have gradually realized the importance of improving the efficient use of nitrogen in ruminants. Probiotics, enzymes, small peptides and low-protein diets can improve the use of nitrogen, reduce nitrogen emissions, improve the growth performance of ruminants, and have a very broad application prospect in improving the efficient use of nitrogen in ruminants. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research on probiotics, enzymes, small peptides and low-protein diets in ruminant nitrogen metabolism, with a view to providing some references for the efficient use of nitrogen in ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization efficiency of ruminants for protein feed is low compared with that of monogas‐ tric animals, how to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of ruminants to ensure the healthy growth of animals is particularly important, this paper reviews the main rumen nitrogen utilization microorgan‐ isms as well as the impact of nitrogen utilization microbial preparations on the growth and health of rumi‐ nants, with a view to improving the nitrogen utilization rate of ruminants to provide more reference basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxin has high contamination rate to feed and feed raw materials, strong toxicity, and lack of effective antidote. Feed contaminated with mycotoxins not exceeding the standard level can still lead to chronic poisoning of animals and have adverse effects on animal health. Antioxidant supplementation can reduce the oxidative damage caused by mycotoxins and improve the detoxification ability of animals. Metal and metal-like nanomaterials have antibacterial and antioxidant functions, and their effectiveness in alleviating mycotoxin poisoning has attracted wide attention. In this paper, the detoxification effects of metal and metal-like nanomaterials on mycotoxin were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the prevention and control of mycotoxin poisoning by metal and metal-like nanomaterials in production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of scale and industrialization of animal husbandry, the era of total prohibition comes. At the same time, the beef cattle industry's demand for natural and safe feed additives is increasing day by day, and the research and development of green, safe and pollution-free substitute products is the inevitable trend of the development of beef cattle industry. Natural Chinese herbal resources are abundant in our country. Chinese herbal are rich in various nutrients and are widely used in beef cattle breeding industry. Chinese herbal feed additives have multiple functions and complex medicinal mechanism. It can cure diseases, reduce inflammation and sterilization, regulate the balance of intestinal flora, promote nutrient absorption and metabolism, improve animal production performance and immune function, feed digestibility and quality of animal products. This paper summarizes the active substances, biological functions and application of Chinese herbal additives in beef cattle breeding, aiming to provide reference for the wide application of Chinese herbal additives and the healthy breeding of beef cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polyphenol was a type of compound existing in natural plants. Due to the advantages of easy preparation, high activity and positive regulation on the body, it was widely used in food, health products and other fields. In recent years, studies have shown that adding appropriate doses of polyphenols to feed can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity and immune performance of aquatic animals, and play a positive role in their growth performance and disease prevention. Therefore, from the aspects of the source, classification, structure and impact on aquatic animals, this paper will summarize the recent research status of polyphenol compounds in aquatic animal feed and present expectation, so as to provide references for subsequent related researches. We are looking forward to realizing the industrialized application of polyphenol compounds in aquaculture as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serious shortage of protein feed resources and greenhouse gases emissions from livestock production system have become two major bottlenecks restricting the high-quality and sustainable devel‐ opment of animal husbandry in China. Low-protein diet technology is based on the precise nutrient re‐ quirement of animals to achieve stable or improved production performance by lowering the feed cost. Methane is an inevitable product of ruminant physiological metabolism, representing not only an impor‐ tant energy loss, but also a critical source of greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, the research on the effect of low-protein diet on production performance, enteric methane emissions of ruminants have increasingly become an important area. Therefore, this paper briefly summarized the definition and characteristics of low-protein diet used for ruminants in recent years, and reviewed the impact of low-protein diet on growth performance, milk pro‐ duction, and enteric methane emissions, and explored the possible mechanism of action behind the low-protein diet to provide theoretical reference for the research and application of this technology in ruminant production regimes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the number of pets has increased rapidly, especially in the case of dogs and cats. Pets have become important family members, and pet owners are paying more and more attention to the health and welfare of their pets. The health of pets is closely related to the health of their intestinal flora. Probiotics, as one of the tools to improve the health of host intestinal flora, play an important role in regulating immune function, producing antimicrobial compounds and improving the intestinal barrier. This paper reviews the research on the application of probiotics in functional foods for pets, as well as discusses the existing problems and prospects for the future, aiming to provide a reference for the scientific application of probiotics in functional foods for pets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was to investigate the effects of adding "sunflower shells + corn stalks" processing dust to diets on the growth performance, serum biochemical and immune indices, antioxidant capacity and economic benefits of Hezuo pigs, fifty 90- day-old Hezuo pigs with good health and similar body weights were selected for a 7-day prefeeding period. During the pre-feeding period, all pigs were fed a basal diet, and at the end of the pre-feeding period, 40 Hezuo pigs with similar body weights were selected and randomly divided into four groups, with the control group being fed with basal diet, and the groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were added 5%, 10%, and 15% of "30% sunflower shells + 70% corn stalks" processing dust into the basal diet respectively. The positive text period was 90 days, and the growth performance of the Hezuo pigs was measured as well as their serum biochemical indices, immune indices, and antioxidant capacity and economic benefits. The test results showed that: ① compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake increased by 6.77% and 3.39% (P> 0.05) in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, respectively, and decreased by 5.08% (P>0.05) in group Ⅲ, and the average daily weight gain increased by 10.00% (P<0.05) and 6.66% (P>0.05) in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, respectively. ② Compared with the control group, albumin increased by 20.02% in group Ⅱ (P<0.05), total choles‐ terol decreased by 14.33% in group Ⅲ (P<0.05), and the levels of triglycerides and urea in the test group were both reduced (P<0.01). ③ Compared with the control group, the immunoglobulin M poles of groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were decreased by 34.29%, 24.00%, and 20.57% (P<0.01); and the tumor necro‐ sis factor-α was increased by 6.98% (P>0.05), 18.58% and 19.67% (P<0.05), respectively. ④ Superox‐ ide dismutase was reduced by 19.67% (P<0.05) in group Ⅲ and malondialdehyde was reduced by 44.90% (P<0.01) in group Ⅱ as compared to the control group. ⑤ Compared with the control group, the economic benefits of groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were all improved, and the group Ⅰ had the best benefit, which was 62.59 yuan/head. In conclusion, the adding 10% of "sunflower shells + corn stalks" process‐ ing dust to the diets is more conducive to lipid metabolism, adding 5% enhanced the body metabolism, significantly increased the daily weight gain, and increases the economic benefits. Therefore, it is recom‐ mended to add 5% of "sunflower shells + corn stalks" processing dust to the diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mannan is a kind of natural polysaccharide, which is widely distributed in yeast and plant tis‐ sues. As a feed additive, mannan can enhance humoral and cellular immunity, maintain intestinal bal‐ ance of nature and improve rumen function. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, preparation, determination, metabolic pathway and application of mannan were summarized, which provided reference value for the development and application of mannan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost of livestock and poultry breeding is increasing due to the shortage of energy feed, rising raw material prices, and human and animal competition for food. In response to the national policies of open-source substitution and destocking, finding high-quality energy feeds has become a key task for feed development in the chicken industry. Aged wheat is a feed rich in starch and low in non-starch polysaccharides, which can reduce farming costs and promote the sustainable development of feed resources without affecting chicken production performance and carcass quality. Therefore, this paper aims to review the nutritional value, influencing factors, and application studies of aged wheat, providing a reference for the application of aged wheat in chicken production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium yeast is the most widely available and ideal organic selenium supplement for livestock and poultry production, with a variety of biological functions such as antioxidant, immune boosting, anti-cancer and liver protection. Recent studies have shown that selenium yeast can improve the intestinal antioxidant capacity, maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and regulate the immune response. This paper focuses on a review of selenium yeast in the regulation of animal intestinal health and its application in pig production, with the aim of providing a reference for basic research on selenium yeast in the improvement of animal intestinal health and the application of selenium-enriched pork in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of mycotoxin contamination in edible and forage agricultural products has become increasingly serious due to global warming and drought. Vomitoxin, also known as deoxynivalenol (DON), is one of the most common mycotoxins, mainly produced by Fusarium spp. and others, which not only causes great economic losses, but also seriously harms the health of humans and livestock. Mycotoxin de‐ toxification methods mainly include physical, chemical and biological methods, while biological detoxification methods based on microorganisms or enzymes have received more and more attention and application due to the advantages of strong specificity, high efficiency and no secondary pollution. This paper mainly reviews the toxicity of DON and its pathogenic mechanism to animals, as well as the research progress on the application of biological detoxification technology in feeds, aiming to provide reference for the biodetoxification of DON in feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some questions, such as the definition or name of certain feeds, the need for hay imports, new edition of Quality Standard of Fishmeal for Feed, fish and shrimp feed high protein, ideal feed, conditions under which feed products play their intended role, the order in which each component of a diet is supplied, the "direct supply theory" of dietary nutrients was put forward, in feed industry and feed science literature are listed in this paper. Regarding the above questions, the thinking and discussion are done for reference of colleagues in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With economy rapidly growing in past decades, consumers are increasingly paying attention on meat quality such as freshness and flavor. The yellow-feathered broiler is tender, of good taste and rich in nutrients needed for human growth and development, and has occupied an important position in the domestic broiler market. Meat color, pH, tenderness and water were holding capacity, which were the common parameters, used for evaluating the physical property of meat. Particularly, meat flavor is the de‐ terminant for consumers deciding to buy or not. The flavor were included soluble taste compounds and volatile aromatic compounds which produced by precursor substances (amino acids, fatty acids, inosinic acid, and other flavor substance) undergo a series of chemical reactions at high temperatures. We herein reviewed the researches on physical evaluation indexes, flavor precursors and volatile aroma compounds for meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers in China were summarized in this paper which provided theoretical basis and ideas for the subsequent research on mechanism of chicken flavor formation and strategies for genetically improving meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fritillaria is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with a history of thousands of years, which contains a variety of active ingredients, such as saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids and polysaccharides. Among them, Fritillaria polysaccharides has the effects of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging and immune regulation, so it has a good application prospect in the field of food and medicine. This paper summarizes the research status of Fritillaria polysaccharides at home and abroad in recent years, compares the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction and purification methods of Fritillaria polysaccharides, discusses the relationship between the structure and biological activity of Fritillaria polysaccharides, and analyzes the development trend of Fritillaria polysaccharides and their application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding. It could provide a certain reference basis for the research, development and utilization of Fritillaria polysaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of liquid feed on the growth performance of weaned piglets by using Meta-analysis method. Through Computer search CQVIP, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, Web of Science, Science Direct, Pub Med databases to find out the randomized controlled trial of the effect of liquid feed on the growth performance of weaned piglets. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to December 2022. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, documents were selected, data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed with the Review Manager 5.4 software. The results indicated that a total of 1 628 samples were included in 16 studies, the results showed that the average daily gain of the liquid feed group was significantly higher than that of the solid feed group [P< 0.000 1, standardized mean difference (SMD)=1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02 to 2.12], and the average daily feed intake was significantly higher than that of the solid feed group (P=0.000 1, SMD=1.18, 95% CI: 0.58~1.79); there was no significant difference between the two groups in feed weight ratio (P= 0.33, SMD=-0.17, 95% CI: -0.51 to 0.17) and diarrhea rate (P=0.84, SMD=-0.02, 95% CI: -0.24 to 0.2). The conclusion indicated that liquid feed can significantly increase the average daily gain and feed intake of weaned piglets, but has no effect on the feed weight ratio and diarrhea rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are a kind of active microorganisms beneficial to the host. Weizmannia coagu⁃ lans has been a hotspot of research in recent years because it has strong resistance to stress, easy storage, rich enzymes, and other characteristics. As a gram-positive facultative anaerobic microorganism, Weizmannia coagulans is capable of forming spores and producing lactic acid, with the characteristics of high resistance to heat, acid, alkali, and production of antibacterial active substances, etc. It can not only partially replace antibiotics in livestock breeding, but also play the role of antisepsis and preservation in the food industry, and can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry as a medicament to regulate intestinal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the development history, biological characteristics, functional characteristics and production and application status of Weizmannia coagulans as probiotics, and to provide reference for the current application of Weizmannia coagulans in animal husbandry, food industry and medicine industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juglone is the main active substance in walnut green peel, which has a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc., and has a large potential for application in animal production. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction and purification methods of juglone, describes the bioactivity of juglone, and looks forward to the application prospect of juglone in livestock and poultry breeding to provide theoretical guidance for the research and development of juglone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-protein diets are related to China's animal production and international trade, and are particularly important for maintaining the sustainable development of China's demestic animal. This paper reviews the research progress of crude protein reduction, ideal protein amino acid balance mode, amino acid supplement types, and standardize ideal digestible amino acid parameters of feed raw materials involved in the formulation technology of low-protein diets for broilers. In the case of limiting amino acids, the crude protein in the broiler diet can be reduced by about 2.5 percentage points. Adding protease or phytase can reduce the crude protein by 0.5 and 1 percentage points, and the low protein diet should be paid attention to the electrolyte balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron is involved in various physiological functions such as growth and development, energy production, immune defense, and nutrient metabolism in fish, and both iron deficiency and excess could have important effects on fish. In this paper, we reviewed the biological functions of iron, the nutritional requirements of iron in fish diets, and the effects of iron supplementation on growth, blood indices, antioxidant, immunity, trace element deposition, digestion and absorption, and lipid metabolism, with a view to providing a reference for the accurate supply of iron in fish diets, and providing a theoretical basis for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of iron nutrition and metabolism in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop straw can be used as feed, fertilizer, industrial raw material or fuel after kneading, crushing, cutting and so on. The hammer type straw processing machinery for multiple processing of straw generally has the problem of large vibration and noise, which restricts the development of this kind of machinery to high quality. This paper summarized the noise characteristics of hammer-type straw processing machinery, that is, there are both aerodynamic noise and vibration noise when this kind of machinery worked. The aerodynamic noise is mainly composed of the discrete noise generated by the internal flow field of the hammer rotor rotation disturbance and the broadband noise generated by the adsorption and separation of the vortex and boundary layer in the flow field. The vibration noise is mainly composed of the discrete noise generated by the unbalanced rotor transmitted to the casing or frame and the random broadband noise generated by the collision between the straw material and the hammer, the material and the casing, and the material and the material. Based on the research status of noise basic theory and method, the research status of aerodynamic and vibration noise, internal flow field characteristics, structural dynamic characteristics, influence of hammer and other parts on vibration and noise after wear and structural acoustic optimization design of hammer type straw processing machinery were reviewed. On this basis, the research on this kind of mechanical noise was summarized and prospected, which provided reference for the noise reduction and vibration reduction design of hammer type straw processing machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous increase of global greenhouse gas emissions and the emergence of a new trend of feed resource shortage, some microorganisms use one carbon resources such as CH4, CO2, CO and CH3OH as substrate fermentation to produce single-cell protein (SCP) which belongs to this nutrientrich, sustainably produced new high-quality protein and is a new trend of feed protein replacement in the future. In addition, SCP has the advantages of short production cycle, high production efficiency, abundant raw material resources and easy access, and high nutritional value. It can be large-scale indus‐ trial production and play an important role in slowing down the greenhouse effect. According to its amino acid profile, it can be used as an alternative source of animal protein feed. This paper mainly reviewes that the research progress of the conversion of one-carbon resources into SCP by microorganisms and its use in feed, analyzes the challenges and future solutions of SCP commercial production, and finally looks forward to the potential application value of single-cell protein under the dual needs of food security and carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precision nutrition requirements of aquaculture animals are critical for the optimization or development of their compound feeds. This paper summarizes the demand for protein, fat, mineral, carbohydrate and vitamin and protein source replacement in largemouth bass, and provide important guiding significance for to reduce largemouth bass dietary cost and to produce largemouth bass dietary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex probiotic fermented feed is a kind of feed produced by the joint action of several probiotics. Various enzymes produced by probiotics are used to reduce macromolecular substances and antinutritional factors in feed, produce beneficial metabolites, improve feed quality and palatability, and facilitate the digestion and absorption of feed nutrients by animals. The compound probiotic fermented feed can regulate the intestinal flora of animals, maintain the stability of intestinal microecology, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria to a certain extent, and promote the appreciation of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, the probiotic fermented feed has a broad development prospect in animal production. In this paper, based on the introduction of the principle of probiotic fermented feed, the application of composite probiotic fermented feed in animal production is mainly expounded, which provides theoretical reference for the development and application of composite probiotic fermented feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip is a common detection method, which is widely used in disease diagnosis, biological toxin detection and other fields. The technique is based on the interaction of colloidal gold-labeled specific antigens (antibodies) with target molecules in the sample to be tested, forming visible test lines or signal changes on the test strip. The process includes sample pretreatment, labeling antibody preparation, and test strip assembly steps. Colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip can be used for rapid detection of toxin residues in food, harmful substances in the environment and related indicators in clinical diagnosis. This technology has the characteristics of non-invasive, rapid, sensitive and accurate, so that it can quickly obtain results in clinical emergency detection and largescale screening. This paper summarizes the colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip technology and its research progress in the detection of biological toxins, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the current colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip technology, and looks forward to the future development direction of the technology in the field of biological toxin detection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]