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Understanding estrogen contamination characteristics of organic fertilizers derived from livestock manures is important for organic fertilizer production and contamination control. In the present study, 17 organic fertilizers derived from chicken, swine, and cow manures were collected from a market. Organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of organic fertilizers were determined. The concentration of estriol（E3）, 17β-estradiol（17β-E2）, bisphenol A（BPA）, and ethinyl estradiol（EE2）were detected by SPE-HPLC/FLD. At the same time, we compared the estrogen concentrations in organic fertilizers with fresh livestock manures. Results showed that organic fertilizers with low organic matter were detected in the organic fertilizer samples derived from chicken, swine, and cow manures. The average value（dry weight）of E3, 17β-E2, and BPA in organic fertilizers derived from chicken manures were 270.22, 2.71 μg·kg-1, and 87.93 μg· kg-1, respectively. The average values of E3, 17β-E2, BPA, and EE2 in organic fertilizers derived from swine manures were 609.71, 41.84, 32.69 μg·kg-1, and 46.74 μg·kg-1, respectively. The average value of E3 in organic fertilizers derived from cow manures was 50.96 μg· kg-1. Organic fertilizers had a large risk of estrogen contamination, and the risk of E3 contamination was higher than that of the other estro⁃ gens. Additionally, the concentration and detection rates of estrogen in cow organic fertilizers were lower and safer. The detection rates of E3, 17β-E2, BPA, and EE2 in organic fertilizers were 47.06%, 11.76%, 17.65%, and 5.88%, respectively, while detection rates were 67.74%, 70.97%, 70.97%, and 58.06% in fresh livestock manures, respectively. The detection rates of estrogen in organic fertilizers were lower than that of fresh livestock manures. The conclusion is that there are estrogen residues in organic fertilizers derived from livestock manures, which needs further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental hormones is one of the hot spots in the modern life science research. Nowadays more and more people begin to pay attention to this topic. It is filled with a variety of chemical toxic reagents in our living environment. Among them, there’s a class of substances which can simulate or inhibit hormone activity, called endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disruptors have the ability to change the structure and function of the endocrine system. Bisphenol A is an environmental estrogen, which belongs to one of endocrine disruptors. Bisphenol A is widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A has a weak estrogenic effect and can bind to estrogen receptors, causing the endocrine system response. The present study shows that bisphenol A affect embryonic development cross the blood placental barrier and damage the neuroendocrine system, liver function and reproductive development. This paper summarizes many adverse effects caused by the environmental estrogen bisphenol A during developmental stage in mice and discusses the research direction of environmental hormones in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]