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Contents of pollutant elements lead and cadmium in toilet paper were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Both lead and cadmium has good linear relationship that lead is over the range of 0.00-10.00 micrograms.mL-1 (r = 0.9989) and cadmium is over the range of 0.00-4.00 micrograms.mL-1 (r = 0.9997). In this method, RSD is bellow 3.08% and recovery is over the range of 94.8%-104.5%. The method is simple and accurate. It can be used as monitor method of lead and cadmium in toilet paper.

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zhengmai 1354, Zhoumai 27, Zhoumai 30 and Zhengmai 9023 were selected as the research objects, and the effects of Cd with different concentrations (0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L) on seed germination and seedling growth of different wheat varieties were studied by germination experiments of filter paper in culture dishes. The results showed that the germination potential, germination percentage, vigor index, root length and shoot length of Zhengmai 1354 reached the maximum when the concentration of Cd was 5 mg/L; The germination potential, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index of Zhoumai 27 increased at first and then decreased with the increase of Cd stress concentration. Both the germination potential and germination index of Zhoumai 30 and Zhengmai 9023 were lower than those of the control group under Cd stress concentration of 5 ~ 20 mg/L, meanwhile, the root length and shoot length of Zhengmai 9023 were significantly inhibited when Cd stress concentration was higher than 50 mg/L. The results of average value of subordinate function indicated that Zhoumai 27 had the highest Cd tolerance and high germination percentage (93%), which could be used as the best cultivar for Cd tolerance wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish the method of colloidal gold immunochrom atographic assay for detecting cadmium ions rapidly. Methods: The anti - cadmium ion monoclonal antibody - gold conjugate was labeled on the binding pad, cadmium ion hapten and goat anti - mouse IgG were coated on nitrocellulose membrane as the detection line (T line) and quality control line (C line) respectively. The sample pad, colloidal gold bonding pad, nitrocellulose membrane and absorption pad were orderly assembled on the PVC board to cut into a test paper strip. The qualitative results of the assay were visualized in color. Results: When detecting the human urine cadmium ions, the results were tested qualitativly within 15 minutes. The detection limit was 30 μg/L. No cross - reactivity with other heavy metal ions. The test paper strip could be stored at 4 ℃ for 3 months. Conclusion: The method has the advantages of low cost, strong specificity, good stability and reliable results, and is suitable for rapid screening of cadmium poisoning of enterprise and occupational health.

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology, which possesses superior advantages including real-time and fast imaging, high spatial and temporal resolution, and deep tissue penetration, shows great potential for tumor imaging in vivo and therapy. Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ quantum dots exhibit high brightness, broad excitation, easily tunable emission wavelength and superior stability, and do not contain highly toxic heavy metal elements such as cadmium or lead. These advantages make Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ quantum dots attract widespread attention in biomedical field. This review summarizes the recent advances in the controlled synthesis of Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ quantum dots and their applications in tumor imaging in vivo and therapy. Firstly, the organic-phase and aqueous-phase synthesis of Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ quantum dots as well as the strategies for regulating the near-infrared photoluminescence are briefly introduced; secondly, representative biomedical applications of near-infrared-emitting cadmium-free quantum dots including early diagnosis of tumor, lymphatic imaging, drug delivery, photothermal and photodynamic therapy are emphatically discussed; lastly, perspectives on the future directions of developing quantum dots for biomedical application and the faced challenges are discussed. This paper may provide guidance and reference for further research and clinical translation of cadmium-free quantum dots in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

[Objective] Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) is a problem for agriculture production in many countries. One remediation method is to improve the tolerance of crops to Cd. In this paper, we investigate the tolerance of the seedlings of different pumpkin varieties to Cd contamination and Cd accumulation in the plants. [Method] The experiment compared seven pumpkin varieties: 360-3x041-1, Yanbian-4xLingchuanc1, Yanbian-3x360-3, Yanbian- 2x041-1, Hetou a2x360-3, Yanbian-3xLingchuan c1, and Hetou a2x041-1. They were all grown in pots repacked with soils contaminated by Cd at concentration of 0, 8 and 16 mg/L, respectively. During the experiment, we measured the growth, physiological traits of the plants, as well as Cd accumulation in the plants. [Result] ① Compared to the control without Cd contamination, Cd stress significantly reduced plant height, dry and fresh mass of the Yanbian-3xLingchuan c1 and Hetou a2x041-1 varieties, but had no significant impact on the 360-3x041-1 variety. ② Regardless of Cd stress levels, the 360-3x041-1 had the highest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and the lowest electrical conductivity. ③ The Cd content in the above-ground part of 360-3x041-1 and Yanbian-4xLingchuan c1 was significantly lower than that in other varieties; their associated Cd transfer coefficient was small and the Cd accumulation was low. ④ Comprehensive analysis showed that in soil contaminated by Cd at concentration of 8 mg/L, the tolerance of the seven varieties to Cd was ranked in the order of 360-3x041-1>Yanbian-4xLingchuanc1>Yanbian-3x360-3>Yanbian-2x041-1>Hetou a2x360-3>Yanbian-3xLingchuan c1>Hetou a2x041-1. In soil contaminated by Cd at concentration of 16 mg/L, their tolerance to Cd was ranked in the order of 360-3x041-1>Yanbian-4xLingchuan c1>Yanbian-3x360-3>Hetou a2x360-3>Yanbian-3xLingchuan c1>Yanbian-2x041-1>Hetou a2x041-1. [Conclusion] Comprehensive analysis shows that the varieties 360-3x041-1, Yanbian-4xLingchuan c1 and Yanbian-3x360-3 were more tolerant to Cd stress, especially 360-3x041-1 which had the lowest cadmium transfer coefficient and can healthily grow in Cd contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Practical Medicine / Shiyong Yixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Practical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microplastics affect the sorption of heavy metals by soils and alter their migration and transformation in soils. In this paper, the changes in the soil adsorption performance of cadmium (Cd) in the presence of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) with different particle sizes (13, 48, 150 μm) were investigated, to explore the related mechanisms with the help of scanning electron microscopy-X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the effect of PE-MPs on soil adsorption of Cd2+ was manifested as inhibiting the adsorption of Cd2+ and promoting the desorption of Cd2+; this effect was more obvious when the dose of PE-MPs was higher or the particle size was larger. Regardless of the presence or absence of PE-MPs, the sorption process of Cd2+ by soil was more consistent with quasi-secondary kinetics and the Freundlich model, indicating that the processes were multilayer sorption controlled mainly by chemisorption. The adsorption mechanism of Cd2+ by soil is mainly surface complexation and precipitation. PE-MPs can cover the active sites on the soil surface and interfere with the interaction of Cd2+ with oxygen-containing functional groups in the soil, thus weakening the chemisorption of Cd2+ by soil. It can be seen that PE-MPs can enhance the mobility of Cd in soil and increase the risk of Cd pollution to the soil ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) is a great environmental concern for food safety, and breeding cultivars that can reduce their uptake is one way to grow crops in Cd-and Pb-contaminated soils. In this paper, we experimentally studied how wheat lines with different phosphorus (P) uptake affect their uptake, translocation and accumulation of P, Cd and Pb in the crops. Method The experiment consisted of a lab part and a field part. The lab part considered one factor -- wheat varieties, and the field part was arranged randomly in soil that had been moderately contaminated by Cd and Pb. In both parts, we measured Cd and Pb uptake and their subsequent translocation. Result The average P content in the roots of lines with high P (HP) use efficiency was 7.69 mg/g, significantly lower than that in the lines with low P (LP) use efficiency, which was 8.36 mg/g (P<0.05). The average P content in the shoots of HP varieties was 9.73 mg/g, significantly higher than the 8.19 mg/g in the LP cultivars (P<0.05). The transport coefficient of P in HP varieties was 1.45, significantly higher than the 1.19 of the LP varieties (P<0.05). The kinetic uptake of Cd and Pb by roots and their translocation to shoots followed Michaelis- Menten equation (R2>0.94), with the maximum absorption rates (Vmax) and the Michaelis constants (Km) differing significantly between varieties (P<0.05). The Vmax of the roots of HP varieties was 23.9 and 411 μg/(g·d), respectively, for Cd and Pb, in comparison with 80.0 and 835 μg/(g·d) (P<0.01) for the LP lines. In contrast, Vmax for Cd and Pb in the shoots of the HP varieties was much higher than that for the LP varieties. The difference in Km between the HP and LP varieties was consistent with their difference in Vmax. Correlation analysis showed that the transport coefficients of both Cd and Pb were negatively correlated with root P content (r=-0.638 and -0.714, respectively) at significant level. The transport coefficient of Cd was positively correlated with P transport coefficient (r=0.671, P<0.01). The Pb transport coefficient was also positively correlated with P transport coefficient though not at significant level (r=0.391, P>0.05). The increase in root P content helps reduce the translocation of Cd and Pb; an increase in translocation coefficient of P did not show a noticeable impact on Pb translocation, but significantly boosted Cd transport from roots to the shoots. Conclusion The roots of LP varieties showed high uptake but low translocation of P, Cd and Pb, as opposed the HP varieties which showed a low uptake but high translocation. This suggests that LP varieties are more suitable for growing in soils contaminated by Cd and/or Pb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effects of cadmium pollution on soil bacterial structure and diversity in riparian wetlands of mountain reservoir, and to find out the cadmium-resistant bacteria which were beneficial to the remediation of cadmium pollution. [ Method] The high throughput sequencing method of Illumina Miseq was used to analyze the effects of cadmium stress on bacterial community and diversity in rhizosphere soils of Taxodium distichum planting in riparian wetlands of Changtan reservoir, Zhejiang province. The concentrations of cadmium were set at 0, 100, 400 mg/kg, respectively, and were marked as Cd0, CdlO0, Cd400, correspondingly. [Result] The cadmium stress could cause changes in both bacterial diversity and community structure. There were 34 phyla, 96 classes, 202 orders, 313 families, and 502 genera in the rhizosphere soil of T. distichum planting in riparian wetlands of Changtan reservoir under different gradients of cadmium pollution. Low cadmium stress might raise the Chaol index and Shannon index of soil bacterial community and high cadmium stress might reduce the Chaol index and Shannon index of soil bacterial community. With the increase of Cd stress, the relative abundance of Actinobacteri and Planctomyces in the soil of riparian wetland showed a downward trend all the time, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes were on the increase all the time. The relative abundance of soil Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria decreased first and then increased. The relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Rokubacteria, Errucomicrobia, Nitrospirae and Firrnicutes in soil increased first and then decreased. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant groups in high Cd concentration stress. With the increase of Cd stress, the relative abundance of Pseudarthrobacter, Muciaginibacter and Rhodopseudomonas in the soil of riparian wetland showed a downward trend all the time, while the relative abundance of Flavobacterium was on the increase all the time. The relative abundance of soil Rhodanobacter decreased first and then increased. The relative abundances of Sphingomonas in soil increased first and then decreased. This indicated that low cadmium stress might stimulate the growth and eproduction of cadmium-sensitive bacteria, which made the community structure more complex. High concentration of cadmium significantly inhibited bacteria, resulting in the extinction of some species and the decrease of diversity. High cadmium pollution could induce cadmium-resistant bacteria such as Rhodanobacter to become dominant groups, and the community structure tended to be stable and single. The bacterial community structure had obvious response characteristics to different cadmium pollution stresses and could be used as a sensitive index for soil quality evaluation of cadmium contaminated wetlands. [ Conclusion]There are a large number of Rhodanobacter,Gemmatimonadaceae-unclassified,Massilia,Candidate-Adlerbacteria-unclassified, Chitinophagaceae-unclassified, Alphaproteobacteria-unclassified, Flavobacterium and Duganella in the Cd400 group, which can be used as a reference for microbial remediation of cadmium contaminated riparian wetland of montain reservoir in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore a simple, efficient, and appropriate extraction method for available arsenic in the soil around a coal mining area, this paper takes the soil around a mining area (four points SI ~ S4) as an research object, five types extractants(DPTA-CaCl2-TEA, KH2PO4, NH4H2P04, NaHCO3, CaCl2) were selected to extract the available arsenic in the soil and filter out the most efficient extractant. The results showed the following: The extraction effects of the five extractants on effective arsenic in soil were quite different, and the order of extraction capacity was ：NH4H2PO4 > KH2PO4 > CaCl2 > NaHCO3 > DPTA-CaCl2-TEA・ The extraction capacity o£ NH4H2PO4 were 13. 20 (SI), 10. 95 (S2), 12. 64 (S3), 5. 46 (S4) mg/kg respectively・ For the same extractant, the extraction efficiency of different soils varied greatly. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total arsenic, total cadmium and total zinc can significantly affect the soil available arsenic content. It is suggested to use 0・ 05 mol/L NH4H2PO4 to extract available arsenic from the soil around the mining area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The living environment of animals， plans and human beings has been seriously threatened by soil heavy metal pollution， so it’s urgently needed for cheap and efficient materials and methods to reduce their flow and migration. In this paper， soil column experiment was conducted to study the stabilization effect of hydroxyapatite（HAP)and the mixture of hydroxyapatite and fly ash （HAP+FA） on lead（Ⅱ)and cadmium(Ⅱ)in contaminated soil. It is indicated that the soil pH increased slightly with the addition of HAP and HAP+FA, and the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate was shown in this order: CK（without stabilizer） ＞ HAP+FA＞ FA. The migration of heavy metals in the soil treated with stabilizer was lower than that without stabilizer treatment. The stability efficiency of HAP was 7.5% and 2.79% higher than that of HAP+FA in lead-contaminated soil with initial concentration of 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg， respectively， and 2.5% and 0.51% higher than that of HAP+FA for cadmium-comtaminated soil with initial concentration of 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg， respectively. The stability efficiency of HAP for lead and cadmium is slightly higher than that of HAP+FA, and there was a better efficiency for the same concentration of lead of the same amount of stabilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the phenomenon of heavy metal Cd exceeding the standard of Chuanxiong medicinal materials,the accumulation of 12 inorganic elements,including heavy metals,in Ligusticum chuanxiong was studied in this paper. It was found that the contents and distribution of most inorganic elements in the stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong were higher than those in the rhizomes at seedling and shooting stages. The content of most elements in rhizome reached the highest at harvest stage,and the distribution ratio of some elements in rhizome was higher than that in stem and leaf at harvest stage. But rhizome,stem and leaf of L. chuanxiong have relatively stable absorption capacity and enrichment effect on different elements,and are less affected by growth period and position. Rhizomes and stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong were enriched with Cd,and stems and leaves also accumulated Pb at seedling stage and stem stage. The absorption capacity of Pb in stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong was higher than that of rhizomes,and the ability of absorbing Cd was less than that of rhizomes at harvest time. The total uptake of Cd and Pb by L. chuanxiong decreased with the prolongation of growth time,but the proportion of Cd and Pb in rhizome increased,so that the content of Cd and Pb increased with the prolongation of growth time.

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Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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[Objective] The present paper aimed to compare the effect of different passivation materials on Bletilla striata on the accumulation of Cd under cadmium stress, so as to provide theoretical support for promote quality of B. striata cultivated in soil polluted by Cd.[Method] A pot-culture experiment was carried out, taking B. striata as test material, using external sources with adding 1.5 mg/kg Cd to simulate heavy Cd contamination of soil, the pH of soil, effective Cd and Cd content in B. striata were analyzed and determined after applying different passivation materials（ 5% silicon-calcium fertilizer, 5% cattle manure organic fertilizer, 5% corn straw biochar, 5% phosphorous-containing substances, 5% silicon-calcium fertilizer+5% corn straw biochar, 5% cattle manure organic fertilizer+5% phosphorous-containing substances+5% silicon-calcium fertilizer+5% cattle manure organic fertilizer). [Result] Among different passivation materials, 5% cattle manure organic fertilizer and 5% corn straws biochar were effective in increasing the biomass in underground stem and whole plant of B. Striata. Compared with CK, the biomass of the underground tubers increased by 62.87% and 59.18%, respectively, and the whole plant biomass increased by 57.36% and 46.07%, respectively. The soil pH treated with cattle manure organic fertilizer+silicon-calcium fertilizer, silicon-calcium fertilizer + corn straw biochar and silicon-calcium fertilizer was higher than that of CK, which increased by 3.84, 3.70 and 3.67 units, respectively. The content of effective Cd in soil treated with silicon-calcium fertilizer, cattle manure organic fertilizer+silicon-calcium fertilizer, silicon-calcium fertilizer+corn straw biochar was lower than that of CK, which decreased by 92.86%, 89.29% and 87.50%, respectively. The content of Cd in root, tuber and leaf of B. striata was the lowest treated with cattle manure organic manure + ilicon-calcium fertilizer, as the decrease rate was 97.60%, 88.80% and 95.29%, respectively. The enrichment capacity of Cd in parts of B. striata were of root > tuber > leaf, and the enrichment capacity of Cd in parts B. striata was the lowest treated with cattle manure organic fertilizer+silicon-calcium fertilizer. [Conclusion] Applying 5% cattle manure organic fertilizer and 5% corn straw biochar have better effect in increasing yield of B. striata tuber. Applying 5% cattle manure organic fertilizer +5% silicon-calcium fertilizer, 5% corn stalk biochar +5% silicon-calcium fertilizer and 5% silicon-calcium fertilizer have better passivation effect on heavy Cd pollution, and applying 5% cattle manure organic fertilizer +5% silicon-calcium fertilizer has best blocking effect on Cd in parts of B. striata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the effects of two amendments (iron sulfate[Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ] and calcium carbonate[CaCO 3 ]) on the bioavailability of Pb, Cd and As in a garden soil and on the migration and accumulation of Pb, Cd and As in pepper through an in-situ experiment planting pepper plants. The results indicated that:①Addition of these amendments significantly decreased TCLP extractable contents of Pb and Cd in soil, and increased TCLP extractable contents of As.②Compared with the control group, addition of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 led to reduction in contents of Pb and Cd in pepper fruits by 7.2%-22.9% and 2.3%-2.9%, respectively, but no obvious changes were observed for As contents in pepper fruits. Meanwhile, addition of CaCO 3 decreased the contents of Pb, Cd and As in pepper fruits by 15.8%-16.3%, 11.8%-15.0%, and 0.03%-53.2%, respectively. ③The maximum reductions for the translocation factors of Pb, Cd and As from stem to fruits in pepper plants were 16.7%, 68.0%, 10.2%, respectively, due to Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 application and 16.7%, 51.5%, 45.6%, respectively, due to CaCO 3 application, compared with the control group. It was obvious that Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and CaCO 3 could both effectively decrease the migration of soil Pb, Cd and As to pepper plants, but the effects of CaCO 3 were better than those of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Currently, the pollution of heavy metal, including lead, cadmium (Cd) and mercury, was one of the major environmental problems in China. Cd could cause adverse effects on kidney, bone, lung and reproductive system. Most of the past researches focused on renal damage effect, and some evidences suggestedadverse effects on bone, tumor, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and mineral elements, etc, which was occurred at low dose exposures to Cd below renal damage level. An important content of human health effect Studies on exposures to Cd is to follow up the development and consequences of adverse effects after long-term exposure to environmental Cd and then reduction or cessation of its exposure among this population. In this paper, the progress and development trend of long-term environmental exposure to Cd and its health damage effect were reviewed.

Visual and Near-infrared (VIS-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy had been used widely in monitoring agricultural pollution in recent years, however, it was rarely applied in monitoring the contamination of heavy metal in orchards. In the present paper, Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck cv. Newhall) were cultivated in the potted soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd) at different levels, and the spectral reflectance and Cd content in the leaves were measured simultaneously at different growing seasons, which then were used to establish the prediction model by partial least squares regression (PLSR) based on spectral reflectance and by linear regression based on spectral index. The results showed that Cd was more easily transferred to and cumulated in the new leaves, and this phenomenon was more obvious in heavily contaminated soils with Cd. Blue shift in red edge was found in the band of 700-730 nm in the new leaves, however, no such phenomenon was found in the old leaves. The coefficient of determination (R²) of linear regression model based on spectral index was nearly 0. 8, while the PLSR model had a better result in predicting Cd content in the new leaves than the linear regression with R²CV of approximately 0.9. Furthermore, the standard normal variate transformation(SNV) in spectral preprocessing can improve the precision significantly in PLSR model. These results suggest that the VIS-NIR method has a great potential in monitoring heavy metal pollution in the navel orange.

In order to expound the present situation and the potential risk of soil cadmium (Cd) in Guangxi, the paper collected and analyzed literatures about soil Cd in Guangxi which were published in recent 20 years. Based on the uniform criteria, 60 references were selected involving more than 30 areas in Guangxi, 7 090 samples. The paper summarized the distribution of soil Cd content distribution and the situation of soil Cd content exceeding the standard in Guangxi, so as to provide reference for relevant research, environmental policy making and environmental management. Results show that the soil Cd content in Guanxi ranges 0.040-244.1 mg·kg-1, with arithmetic mean and geometric mean 12.23 and 1.884 mg·kg-1, respectively. There were great differences in soil Cd concentration distribution between different functional areas. The average background soil Cd content in the research area is 0.153 mg·kg-1. The geometric mean of Cd content in agricultural soils and urban soils of non-mining areas were 0.467 and 0.320 mg·kg-1, respectively. The geometric mean of Cd content in the soil of mining area and in agricultural soil of mining area were 7.147 and 6.643 mg·kg-1, which were 46.71 and 43.42 times of the background soil Cd content. The majority of farmland soils are maintained at moderate pollution levels. Soils in several counties such as Nandan, Huanjiang, Jinchengjiang and Daxin were greatly affected by the pollution in mining area. There are areas not involved in the collected literatures. We recommend that control measures should be taken in Nandan, Jinchengjiang, Big Huanjiang, Yangshuo and Diaojiang areas, major investigations should be made in Baise Debao, Pingguo, Tiandong and Tianyang aluminum ore producing areas, and monitors on agricultural soil surrounding the mining area should be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of Cd stress on the absorption and transport of mineral elements in rice.[Method] 29 rice varieties were selected and treated with two groups (0,0.5 mg/kg). The contents of eight mineral elements (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu, Mn, K,Na) in the upper and lower parts of rice were measured by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometer.[Result] In the underground part, compared with control group, the effect of Cd on Fe was shown to inhibit absorption; Zn, Mg, K and Na were resistant to Cd, and Zn was more resistant than Cu, and Cd was more competitive than Mn and Mg.Its Cd resistance and competitiveness were greater than that of Ca. Zhuzhen B and Japonica 7623 showed Cd tolerance among the eight mineral elements. [Conclusion] Zhuzhen B was the only rice variety that promoted the absorption of eight mineral elements after Cd stress; Liusha 1 was the least Cd-tolerant rice variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium is a kind of heavy metal, which is harmful to environment and human health. Although conventional detection methods based on large instruments such as atomic absorption spectrometers and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers have high accuracy, they cannot meet the needs of rapid field detection and high throughput screening. The in situ rapid detection technology of cadmium can provide a new, efficient and real-time method in the fields of food security, agricultural Internet of things, biological breeding and environmental monitoring, especially in the screening of plant varieties with different cadmium absorption and accumulation characteristics. Starting with the principle and characteristics of detection technology, this paper summarized different technologies for rapid in situ detection of cadmium in animals and plants, such as electrochemical sensing technology, fluorescence sensing technology, optical sensor technology, etc., and its research progress, application prospects and development direction in the fields of food safety monitoring, risk assessment, and migration, transformation and accumulation in organisms. It is hoped to provide technical reference for related research and analysis.

In this paper, mangrove seedlings Avicennia marina were treated with various contents of cadmium (0, 0.5, 5, 25, 50, 100, 150 mg · L(-1)). These seedlings were cultivated by man-made seawater with a salinity of 15 in sand for 90 days in a greenhouse. The absorption and distribution of elements contents (K, Na and Mg) under cadmium stress were investigated at 45th and 90th day, respectively. The results showed that the enrichment of cadmium in the different components of seedlings increased with the increasing cadmium stress level and exposure time. The cadmium contents in roots and cotyledons were relatively higher than in the other components, accounting for 66.9% and 16.3% of cadmium in the seedlings under the 150 mg · L(-1) cadmium stress, respectively. The fall of cotyledons could reduce the damage of cadmium stress to the whole seedlings. The Na contents increased in roots and stems and decreased in leaves and cotyledons after cadmium stress for 90 days. The K content decreased in roots and cotyledons, while had no significant change in stems and leaves. The Mg content in roots, stems, leaves and cotyledons of seedlings treated with cadmium for 90 days were lower than those of the control, and were negatively related to the cadmium content.

Tobacco is one of the cadmium accumulation and tolerance plants. Decreasing cadmium content of tobacco contributes to environmental safety and human health. Three aspects on tobacco cadmium research were reviewed in this paper, i.e. uptake and distribution of cadmium in tobacco, and health risk assessment of cadmium in tobacco and reduction measures. The current situations and existing challenges in the research field were discussed. The cadmium tolerance mechanisms of tobacco were reviewed, the factors on cadmium uptake were analyzed, and the general distribution of cadmium in tobacco was summarized. From the point of health risk assessment, the lack of cadmium limits in tobacco was identified, the recommended formula to calculate cadmium limits of tobacco based on atmosphere cadmium limits and digestion cadmium limits was provided and the cadmium limits of tobacco were estimated using each formula, and suggestions on cadmium limits in tobacco were presented. At last, we put forward several effective reduction measures to lower cadmium level in tobacco leaves.