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Objective Based on the health big data platform of Yichang city, to analyze the characteristics of allergic diseases of children born in medical institutions from 2017 to 2022 in Yichang city, and to clarify the distribution of allergic diseases among children in Yichang city. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted based on the records of born children with allergic diseases in the outpatient clinic of urban comprehensive medical institutions from 2017 to 2022 in the big data cloud platform of Yichang city. Results The number of visits of male children was 68 707, more than that of female children, and the number of visits had been increasing since 2017. The highest number of hospital visits was 46 190 (37.86%) among children of 0-1 year old, of which the highest number of visits was 3 331 (13.74%) among children of two months. Atopic dermatitis/eczema and allergic rhinitis had a higher number of visits with 46 156 and 14 388 visits, respectively. The age of onset of atopic dermatitis was earlier, with the age of first consultation being 0.42 years, and the age of onset was earlier in males than in females. Atopic dermatitis/eczema and allergic rhinitis were the most common multimorbidities. Conclusion For children with atopic dermatitis/eczema and/or allergic rhinitis, the focus is on the development of concomitant diseases to further interrupt the allergic process and promote early detection, prevention and treatment of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the efficacy of dupilumab in the treatment of refractory atopic dermatitis (AD)，and to provide the reference for the treatment of such patients. Methods The clinical data and follow-up results of two patients with refractory severe AD treated with dupilumab were collected; combined with the literature review, the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of refractory AD were analyzed. Results Patient 1 was a 30-year-old female with dense, infiltrated papules on the back of both hands, resembling lichenified skin changes, scattered erythema, and papules with itching on the limbs and trunk for 25 years. Patient 1 also had a history of allergic rhinitis for 5 years. The diagnosis was adults severe AD. After 16 weeks of treatment with dupilumab, the skin lesions were completely regressed, and there were no relapse during the follow-up period. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis was improved significantly, and oral medication was no longer needed. Patient 2 was a 59-year-old female with general dark red erythema, papules, and nodules accompanied by itching for over 10 years. Patient 2 had been hospitalized many times and had previously received treatment with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and steroids with unsatisfactory results. The diagnosis was adults severe AD. Up to the present, the skin lesions had essentially regressed after treatment with dupilumab. Conclusion Dupilumab has good curative effect and safety on refractory AD, and it can improve the life quality, and controll the charicteristics of AD complicated with other allergic diseases driven by type 2 inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergen immunotherapy （AIT） is the only treatment to change the process of allergic diseases by inducing allergen-specific immunity tolerance. Although a large number of clinical trials and meta-analysis have confirmed the safety and effectiveness of AIT, it has not been widely applied. New allergen vaccines are constantly developed and better AIT treatment strategies are being explored worldwide. However, most of the clinical data are obtained from adults, and the pediatric data are lacking. It is urgent to promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment and formulate a unified AIT strategy for pediatric allergic diseases. This article reviews the research progress on clinical application of AIT in children, aiming to provide reference for in-depth investigations.

Innate lymphocytes (ILCs) are a unique class of immune effector cells, which has been widely concerned in the past decade, especially the role of type 2 innate lymphocyte (ILC2) in allergic diseases and autoimmune diseases. ILC2 is involved in the formation of mucosal immunity, repairing and remodeling of tissue damage, and plays an important role in fighting infection, regulating inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis. ILC2 is involved in the inflammatory response of allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy and eosinophil esophagitis, which cannot be ignored. This paper reviews the research progress of ILC2 in allergic diseases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing in the world. The complexity and severity of allergic diseases still increase especially in children and adolescents. Allergic diseases, including asthma, anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and food/drug allergies, deeply affect the life quality and social ability of human beings. A wide body of evidences show that the major changes in atmosphere are associated with climate, which has been influencing the biosphere, biodiversity, and human environment, including weather, habitation and office life, resulting in significant increases in morbidity of allergic diseases and mortality of anaphylactic shock and contributing to therapeutic effects of the allergic diseases. Therefore, maintaining of a good environment plays on important role in human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]