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[Objective] The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between the main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco and soil chemical properties. [Method] All of 235 tobacco leaf samples and soil samples were collected from typical aromatic tobacco growing areas in Yunnan province. The main soil factors affecting the chemical quality of Yunnan fragrant tobacco leaves were studied by correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and principal component analysis. [Result] The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in Yunnan tobacco were 30.87% and 27.21, respectively ;the contents of total nitrogen, nicotine and potassium were in the appropriate range, which were 1.91, 2.63% and 1.91% respectively ;The results showed that the pH value of the main tobacco planting soils in Yunnan was moderate, with an average of 6.3. The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available molybdenum and available sulfur were in the rich level. The contents of total potassium and humic acid were on the low level. The contents of organic matter, fulvic acid, available boron, water-soluble chloride ion, salt content and CEC (total amount of cation exchange) were in the middle level. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, starch and potassium in tobacco leaves were significantly positive correlation with total potassium in soil. Two sugar difference and sugar alkali ratio were significantly positive correlation with soil available molybdenum content. Two sugar difference was significantly positive correlation with soil humic acid content, and was significantly negative correlation with soil chloride ion content. [Conclusion] The contents of total potassium, available molybdenum, humic acid and water-soluble chloride ion in tobacco growing soil of Yunnan tobacco growing areas are the most important indicators affecting the chemical quality of tobacco leaves in Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]