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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The Haihe River plays a pivotal role in supporting various industrial and agricultural sectors in northern China. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of its environmental security and coordinated development to identify factors that influence environmental security most. Method The analysis was based on the pressure-state-response model, from which we proposed an improved comprehensive and systematic indicator system, including indicators that have been neglected, such as biodiversity and non-conventional water sources. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to assess the water environmental security, and the entropy weight method and principal component analysis method were used to calculate the weights. A dynamic ternary-coupled coordination degree model was used to analyze the dynamic coupling and quantitatively calculate the coordination of the subsystem of pressure, state, and response. The key factors affecting water environmental security were identified through comprehensive consideration of the contribution rate and elasticity of the indicators. Result From 2009 to 2020, water nvironmental security in the basin had gradually improved, experiencing a transition from primary-coupling to advanced coupling. During this period, the coordinated development level decreased first followed by an increase. The deviation from the coordination had increased from 22.8 to 24.0, except in 2020 in which it fell to 17.3. The security of primary indicators had increased in all levels, among which the state indicator improved most significantly, despite still in relatively dangerous status. The secondary indicators had different influences on water environment security, among which the increase in population and urbanization had the most detrimental effect. Ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the basin had been greatly reduced, but water quality in some parts of the basin were still category I-III, with potential to grow further. Increasing the use of non-conventional water sources can improve water environmental security. Conclusion In medium and long term, water environmental security in the basin can be improved by reducing the discharge of pollutants such as COD, BOD-5, and permanganate. Increasing use of desalinated seawater and rainwater collection, as well as storage capacity of green landscape can also improve water environmental security. It is crucial to maintaining and enhancing biodiversity and vegetation coverage to reduce water and nutrient losses to improve water security in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Water sourced from the Yellow River in China, which has been extensively used for irrigation in the northern irrigation districts of the country, is characterized by high sediment content. This paper aims to investigate the influence of sediment particle size distribution on water infiltration under surge irrigation. Method The infiltration tests encompassed four treatments with sediment content being 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%, respectively. Each sediment treatment included four particle gradings labeled as A, B, C, and D, respectively. In each infiltration test, we meticulously measured both the infiltration rate and the variation in infiltration over time. Result The relationship between cumulative infiltration and time can be described by the Philip and Kostiakov models, regardless of sediment content and particle grading. As the number of irrigation cycles increased, the parameters K and α in the Kostiakov model, as well as the parameters S and A in the Philip model, all exhibited a declining trend. Conclusion In comparison to the infiltration of clean water, the infiltration depth of sedimentwater was inversely related to the presence of physically cohesive particles. Conversely, when the infiltration depth was the same, soil water content was negatively correlated to the quantity of physically cohesive particles in the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Nitrogen loss from soils is a pervasive environmental issue facing agricultural production in many countries. In this paper, we studied the combined effect of rainfall and fertilization on nitrogen loss via surface runoff from paddy fields in attempts to improve nitrogen management and reduce the nonpoint source pollution of rice production in Southern China. Method The experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in a paddy field in Zhejiang province. It consisted of four nitrogen treatments: conventional nitrogen fertilization (N18), reduced nitrogen fertilization (N15), organic fertilization (OF). Without fertilization was the control. In the experiment, we measured surface runoff, total nitrogen concentration in the surface runoff. The rainfall data were obtained from a weather station on the experimental site. Result Annual rainfall and annual nitrogen loss were closely correlated, but linear regression analysis showed that daily rainfall and total nitrogen did not correlate significantly. Considering the delay between rainfall and nitrogen loss vial the surface runoff can make piecewise average daily rainfall positively correlated to nitrogen loss, with the regression coefficient ≥0.36. The effect of fertilization on nitrogen loss from the runoff was ranked in the order of N18>N15>OF>CK. Structural equation showed that, when considering the delay between rainfall and nitrogen loss, the piecewise average daily rainfall, the runoff volume, rainfall interval, the interval between rainfall and fertilization, fertilization amount, and fertilizer types were the factors affecting nitrogen loss, with their standardized total effect being 0.264, -0.126, 0.078, 0.033, and -0.038, respectively. The rainfall affected nitrogen loss more than the fertilization, and the piecewise average daily rainfall and rainfall interval were key factors affecting nitrogen loss. Conclusion For rice-wheat rotation cultivation in Zhejiang Province, a short rainfall interval affected nitrogen loss via surface runoff from paddy fields more than an increase in rainfall. Applying organic fertilizer in the wet season can reduce nitrogen loss from the runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Soil nitrogen and groundwater table are two abiotic factors affecting crop growth in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River in Southern China. This paper aims to investigate the combined impact of nitrogen fertilization and controlled drainage on growth, nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton. Method The variety Jinghua Mian 112 was used as the model plant, and the experiment consisted of two drainage treatments: conventional drainage (FKS) and controlled drainage (KS). Each irrigation had five nitrogen treatments: applying 0 (N0), 90 (N1), 180 (N2), 270 (N3) and 360 kg/hm2 (N4) of nitrogen. In each treatment, we measured the leaf SPAD at fertility stage, plant height and leaves at blooming stage, dry matter accumulation in different organs at maturity stage, as well as nitrogen uptake, and yield of the cotton. Result Compared with FKS, controlled drainage combined with a reduction in nitrogen application significantly increased leaf SPAD and plant height at flowering stage, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake at maturity stage, boll numbers per plant, boll weight per boll and yield at maturity stage. Reducing nitrogen application without implementing controlled drainage reduced cotton yield, while under controlled drainage, reducing nitrogen application from N4 to N3 did not give rise to a noticeable reduction in cotton yield. KS+N3 increased the dry matter mass, nitrogen uptake per unit dry matter, and total nitrogen uptake in the bud and boll, significantly. Conclusion Reducing nitrogen application currently used by farmers by 25% combined with a controlled drainage is not only beneficial to cotton growth and promotes dry matter accumulation, but also increases nitrogen uptake and its subsequent allocation to reproductive organs, thereby increasing cotton yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective The decrease in available water resources for agriculture in the South of China has made developing water-saving irrigation essential for rice production. This paper investigates the impact of an improved irrigation method on growth and water use of conventional rice and hybrid rice. Method The experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 in plots within a paddy field in the Irrigation Experimental Station of Jiaxing Pinghu in Zhejiang province. The rice varieties Xiushui 134 (conventional) and Yongyou 9 (hybrid) were used as the model plants. They were irrigated by conventional flooding irrigation and thin-water film irrigation by keeping the topsoil just saturated. In each treatment, we measured the leaf area index, total dry matter, root growth, grain yield, and water demand and consumption of each rice variety. Result Water demand and consumption of both rice varieties under thin-water film irrigation were lower than that under flooding irrigation (P<0.01). Under flooding irrigation, water demand and consumption of both varieties during their whole growth period increased with the increase in precipitation, albeit the conventional rice consumed slightly less water than the hybrid variety (P>0.05). Compared with conventional flooding irrigation, thin-water film irrigation reduced average daily water consumption by 22.6%-59.5%, with the hybrid rice consuming 1.3%-3.0% more water than the conventional variety. Compared with flooding irrigation, thin-water film irrigation increased average rice yield by 1.7%, especially the hybrid variety whose yield was 31.9% higher than that of the conventional variety. Thin-water film irrigation reduced water consumption by 30.1%-35.0%, in addition to its significant increase in WUEI and WUEET. Due to the difference in yield between the two varieties, there was an interactive effect between the irrigation method and rice variety, with their WUEI, WUEP and WUEET differing significantly.Conclusion The thin water-film irrigation was effective to increase the development of leaf area and dry matter accumulation, especially for the hybrid variety. Water demand and consumption of both varieties were affected not only by annual precipitation and evaporation, but also by irrigation method, though no significant difference was found between the two varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By solving the problems such as the shortage of drainage power in inland rivers and the difficulty of construction land, the integrated gate pump with compact structure and small floor area has received much attention. Among them, the integrated gate pump with larger diameter has a short application time and few examples in China. This paper takes the Salt River Pump Gate Project as the background, uses the three-dimensional parametric calculation model, carries on the design optimization analysis of the door blade thickness, the plate thickness and other parameters, and the reinforcement analysis of the weak parts of the wall pipe and web. At the same time, the key problems such as vibration and anticorrosion of the gate pump are analyzed and demonstrated. The results show that the thickness of the door blade should not increase too much, and the panel and web structure with large separation should be properly strengthened at the same time to control the resonance frequency domain. When the ratio of gate width to height is less than 0.6 and the ratio of the pump outer diameter to gate width is close to 0.5, the plate thickness combination in the range of 12-16 mm should be used. Transverse, longitudinal and diagonal ribs should be considered at the same time for wall pipe reinforcement. Through a dynamic simulation analysis, the design of Salt River Pump Gate can avoid the resonance of the integrated pump gate, and has a certain safety margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the spillway tunnel radial gate structure of Baihetan Hydropower Station with large width and height ratio, this paper uses the first horizontal three-arm hidden radial gate type in China. The multi-factor analysis of key design parameters, such as the placement of the three arms, the unit stiffness ratio of the main beam to the arm, and the finite element numerical calculation verification under multiple load conditions are adopted. The optimal arm length and unit stiffness ratio of the radial gate of Baihetan spillway tunnel are determined. Furthermore, the force distribution of the horizontal three-arm radial gate is optimized, which effectively guarantees the bearing safety of the civil structure under the huge discharge. The results show that the optimal arm length and unit stiffness ratio in Baihetan are 2.5 m and 10.7 based on the criteria for determining the length and unit stiffness ratio of the three lateral arms on the basis of the sensitivity analysis of multi-factor parameters. The main calculated stress of the optimized radial gate structure is less than 145 MPa, and the maximum calculated combined displacement is less than 15 mm, both of which meet the requirements of strength and stiffness. The key technology of horizontal three-arm radial gate is researched and established, which can provide technical support for the safe operation of spillway tunnel with super width-to-height ratio orifice and super large discharge volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

South Asian countries have not yet established a local high-speed railway standard system. Countries where the "the Belt and Road Initiative" cooperation projects are located, such as Indonesia Yavan High-speed Railway and Thailand Bangkok-Nakhon Ratchasima high-speed railway, are all based on the technical standards of China's high-speed railway. Due to different national conditions, China's high-speed railway standards cannot be directly applied to high-speed railway projects in Southeast Asia. Based on the specific cases of Indonesia Yavan High-speed Railway and Thailand Bangkok -Nakhon Ratchasima High-speed Railway Project, this paper analyzes the adaptability of China's high-speed railway track design standards in Southeast Asia from the aspects of the main design principles, engineering materials, rail sizing, track structure selection, prefabricated track slab, and continuous welded rail. The main conclusions are as follows: (1)The reinforcement and concrete can be made of local materials, which should be reasonably selected by comparing the strength, chemical element content and other characteristics. (2) The steel rails in Southeast Asian countries and regions are generally imported from China. Therefore, the sizing of rail needs to take into account the influence factors such as port hoisting infrastructure, existing marine conditions, overseas road and railway transportation, and 50 m rail is recommended. (3) In combination with local climate conditions, the ballastless track structure shall be reasonably optimized from the perspective of economy, and the ordinary reinforced concrete track slab can be used. (4) The technology of China/s seamless line technology can fully adapt to the line conditions in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myanmar is a key neighbor for China and an important link in advancing the "Belt and Road" initiative, contributing to both domestic and international economic flows. Despite the border closures and restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, the New China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor has seen substantial progress. However, this development has not garnered the attention it deserves, as both national and Yunnan provincial governments continue to prioritize the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC). This oversight results from an incomplete understanding of the changes in Myanmar's geopolitical landscape since 2000. Using a framework for national geopolitical landscape analysis, this study examines Myanmar's basic national conditions, principal relationships, and inherent contradictions, revealing how Myanmar's geopolitical landscape has evolved due to the interplay of internal and external factors, cross-field interactions, and strategic games played by multiple geopolitical actors. Specifically, the study discusses the period from 2000 to 2010, characterized by external pressure and internal stability, and the years from 2011 to 2021, marked by external conflict and internal turmoil. The evolving geopolitical landscape in Myanmar has created favorable conditions for building the New China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor. From a geopolitical perspective, this paper explores the reasons behind the necessity of this new corridor and suggests a re-evaluation of China's spatial planning for major infrastructure projects in Myanmar given the country's shifting geopolitical context. The corridor's feasibility--whether measured by distance, time, costs, spatial distribution of domestic ethnic armed conflicts, or Myanmar's post-pandemic economic trends--suggests it is highly workable. In the short term, the new corridor can complement the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor, progressing concurrently; in the long term, it could gradually replace it as the main route for China-Myanmar trade. This study not only enhances understanding of the New China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor but also provides a scientific rationale for its vigorous promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Geomechanics is the property of Journal of Geomechanics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the continuous development of economy and society, great changes have taken place in the national water intake situation. In order to adapt to the requirements of high-quality development of water resources management in the new situation and respond to the needs of building a smart water digital twin data base, the construction of the national water resources monitoring and measurement system needs to be strengthened. As the main water intake form in China at this stage, it is necessary to study the technical methods to improve its monitoring and measurement capacity. This paper investigates and studies the data of more than 5.5 million water intakes nationwide collected in 2021 by combining field investigation and data collection. From the national and typical provincial levels, the current situation of water intake monitoring and metering is analyzed according to different water intake scales, water intake purposes, water intake projects, monitoring and metering facilities and water transmission type, and the comparison and selection of monitoring and metering facilities, improvement of monitoring accuracy. Technical methods are proposed to improve the stability and durability of monitoring, improve the application of system platform functions, and promote the improvement of pipeline type water intake monitoring and metering capacity. The research shows that: ➀ The number and distribution of water intakes across the country are significant. The number of water intakes is huge and the spatial distribution is uneven. There are many water intakes in the north, mainly groundwater intakes, and few water intakes in the south, mainly surface water intakes. ➁ The national water intake monitoring and metering work should be further strengthened. At this stage, the focus should be on improving the pipeline type water intake monitoring and metering capacity. The monitoring and metering methods and facilities used are different due to different conditions such as water intake scale, water intake scene and water intake purpose. The error, environmental adaptability, measurement cost, advantages and disadvantages and unique application scenarios of different monitoring and measurement facilities are quite different. ➂ The monitoring and metering lifting of pipeline type water intakes is a comprehensive task. It is necessary to comprehensively improve the monitoring and metering capacity of the water intake from four aspects: metering accuracy, stability and durability, system platform application capability, and the introduction of relevant technical standards. The research findings provide an important basic data reference for comprehensively understanding the current situation of water intake monitoring and metering in China, a technical reference for improving the monitoring and metering capacity of pipeline water intakes, and a technical support for the next step of water intake supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Progress in Earthquake Sciences is the property of China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Geophysics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the continuous improvement of 5G standards, 5G network equipment of global mobile operators has become mature. China's railways take 5G as a new generation of mobile communication technology for railway dedicated network, the R&D of railway application equipment is under way, and the 5G-R equipment interoperation test needs to be started urgently to provide conditions for the deployment of future 5G-R system. Based on the system architecture of 5G-R network and the theory of interoperation test, this paper presents the test architecture of 5G-R interoperation, innovatively puts forward one test method named the building block to set up processes for the verified 5G-R system described in the test architecture. According to the building process of the building block method, this paper lists the interoperation test interface and key test content of the test interface for the equipment to be tested, offers the design process of the interoperation test specification and the test framework of interoperation static and dynamic test environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)