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The integration of the agricultural and tourism industries is important for transforming and improving the agricultural industry and the revitalizing the rural economy. In terms of innovative development, Fujian leads the country in ecological construction, and it has a certain representativeness in ecological construction and coordinated economic and social development. In this paper, the relevant statistical yearbook data of Fujian Province from 2009 to 2019 were selected. Based on the production-living-ecological function theory, this paper adopted the combination weighting method to construct the evaluation index system for integrating agriculture and tourism, and ArcGIS, Geoda, and STATA were used to analyze the coupling development level, spatial correlation, and spatial aggregation characteristics of the agricultural tourism industry spatiotemporally as well as explore the coupling factors and influencing mechanisms of the agricultural and tourism industries. The results showed that the overall coordination degree of agriculture – tourism coupling had a positive impact on development in a zigzag direction and gradually followed the six levels of mildly dissonance-nearly dissonance-barely coordinated-slightly coordinated-intermediately coordinated-well coordinated. The integration effect of the agricultural and tourism industries of prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province exists local spatial autocorrelation, and the local space Moran index shows a“W” shape fluctuation change. In addition, the aggregation type changed from a low-low to low-high aggregation, then to a high-high aggregation, and finally to the low-low state, after which a new cycle began. In terms of factors affecting the integration of the agricultural and tourism industries, resources supply, talent factors, science and technology, government support, industry drive, living standards, and demand upgrades all have significant impacts on the integration of the agricultural and tourism industries. During the process of promoting the integration of the agricultural tourism industry, through balancing the coordination of the agricultural and tourism industries, paying attention to the construction of modern agriculture, and properly coordinating the spatial planning of agriculture and tourism, the integration of element resources can be promoted and the integration mechanism of agricultural tourism can well coordinated, thereby strengthening internal and external positive factors and allowing for the implementation of appropriate measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of the global green low-carbon energy revolution and the advanced implementation of the '30·60' carbon peaking and carbon neutrality strategy proposed by China, the development of the offshore wind industry is greatly encouraged in China. The wind energy resources in Fujian sea area are excellent, but due to the geological characteristics in the area, rock-socketed pile foundations are very common. Taking Pile No.13 for Changjiang'ao Offshore Wind Power Project in Pingtan, Fujian, as an example, this paper introduces the key technology involved in the 'Driving-Drilling-Driving' technology for construction of Type I monopile foundations and the five aspects that need to be considered emphatically during the construction, and illustrates the related calculation and evaluation process, which can provide some useful reference for subsequent similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary mainland China, writing about Chinese Christian history is no longer a practice reserved for Marxist theorists or highly-trained historians. It is now increasingly open to diverse authors, and recently, both local governments and local history buffs have shown an enthusiasm for producing historical texts linked to Christianity. This article re-examines that recent phenomenon in Nanfeng City, Fujian Province, exploring diverse forms of narratives about Chinese Christian history to uncover both official and unofficial discursive practices. It provides a basis from which to understand the state project of representing the past, where personal memories are mobilized as part of a grander project of historical reconstruction, paving the way to express different visions of the past. While unofficial narratives are emerging to challenge the master narrative of the state, this paper argues that official and popular historical accounts are not in any simple opposition to one another, often mingling together in a complex relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Under the background of rural revitalization strategy, the research on credit rationing of forest rights mortgage loans of the farmers in collective forest areas is not only the internal requirement of promoting the rural revitalization strategy, but also the basic need of realizing the increase of the farmers' forestry management income in collective forest areas. (2) Methods--The research data came from a questionnaire survey of 420 rural households in Sanyuan District, Jiangle County, Jianning County and Taining County, Sanming City, Fujian Province, in August 2021. Using DEM and descriptive statistics, this paper interpreted the types and generation mechanism of credit rationing of the farmers' forest rights mortgage loans, and then identified and measured the credit rationing. (3) Results--First, from the perspective of credit rationing of the farmers' forest rights mortgage loans, the proportion of lack of credit demand for forest rights mortgage loans in collective forest areas in Fujian Province under the background of rural revitalization is relatively high, which is 50. 82%. Second, the farmers facing demand-type credit rationing of forest rights mortgage loans account for 85. 11% of the total credit rationing, while the farmers facing supply-type credit rationing of forest rights mortgage loans account for only 14. 89% of the total credit rationing. The farmers in collective forest areas are faced with more severe credit rationing of forest rights mortgage loans. Third, demand-type credit rationing of forest rights mortgage loans mainly includes self-imposed credit rationing, transaction cost credit rationing and risk credit rationing. Fourth, most of the farmers who apply for forest rights mortgage loans from financial institutions can get corresponding loans, but the farmers in collective forest areas can get less amount of forest rights mortgage loans because of the small mortgage area of "Certificate of Forest Rights". (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, the farmers generate self-imposed credit rationing because of the cognitive deviation of forest rights mortgage policies, form risk credit rationing because of the endowment effect of the forestlands, and face new transaction cost credit rationing because of high transaction costs. Second, the family management with pure forestry of the small farmers in collective forest areas is still the main type of forestry management in China. However, the degree of part-time employment of the forest farmers in collective forest areas is constantly increasing, there is a phenomenon of forestry management and non-forest employment, and the income comes more from non-forest employment. Third, the proportion of lack of credit demand for forest rights mortgage loans in collective forest areas in Fujian Province under the background of rural revitalization is relatively high. Most of the farmers who have the credit demand for forest rights mortgage loans are still facing more severe demand-type credit rationing. Fourth, the supply-type credit rationing of forest rights mortgage loans faced by the farmers is relatively low. Therefore, in order to fully realize the policy effect of forest rights mortgage loans from the perspective of rural revitalization, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, improve the farmers' financial literacy through multiple channels. Second, achieve multi-department data integration and credit information co-construction and sharing. Third, strengthen the institutional innovation, alleviate the demand-type credit rationing of forest rights mortgage loans of the farmers in collective forest areas to the maximum extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Fujian and Taiwan are the main areas of wood forest products trade, and they also have a sequential difference in the development of wood forest products industry, with similar trade structure and facing similar international trade situation. The domestic scholars' researches on the international competitiveness of China's wood forest products industry mainly focus on the comparative study of the international competitive-ness of China's wood forest products and the world's main wood forest products exporting countries, and the comparative study on the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan is relatively few. At present, the export market of wood forest products in Fujian and Taiwan has a high coincidence degree, and there is a certain trade competition. Based on the generalized double diamond model, the relevant factors affecting the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan are dis-cussed, and the decision reference is provided for Fujian's wood forest products industry to improve its international competitiveness. (2) Methods--Firstly, the characteristics of wood forest products trade between Fujian and Taiwan were compared from the aspects of export trade scale, import and export trade structure and main trade markets. Secondly, international market share, trade competitiveness index and relative trade advantage index were selected to measure the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan. Finally, the paper analyzed the factors affecting the international competitiveness of the wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan by using the generalized double diamond model, and put forward some policy suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of the wood forest products industry in Fujian. (3) Results--From 2002 to 2008, the gap of international competitiveness of wood forest products between Fujian and Taiwan was small. From 2008 to 2009, both Fujian and Taiwan were affected by the global financial crisis to varying degrees. With the help of its own economic strength and forestry policy reform, the international competitiveness of wood forest products in Fujian surpassed that of Taiwan after 2009, and steadily improved. Compared with the wood forest products industry in Taiwan, the development of wood forest products industry in Fujian had the following four influencing factors; First, the input structure of primary production factors was reasonable, but the input structure of advanced factors such as capital and talents needed to be optimized. Second, there was a vast space for local demand, but the structure of the international demand market needed to be adjusted. Third, the related industries developed rapidly, but the basic supporting industries needed to be upgraded. Fourth, the strategy, structure and competitive environment of domestic and foreign entities needed to be improved. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, optimize the input structure of production factors to improve the efficiency of wood forest products industry. Second, adjust the export trade structure to stabilize the wood forest products market. Third, develop relevant and supporting industries to enable the wood forest products industry Chain. Fourth, create a favorable competitive environment to promote the development of wood forest products industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the construction of the deep drainage project for the new works for Shenhua Luoyuan Bay Power Plant in Fujian Province, the construction of offshore cast-in-place piles was seriously impacted due to the bad geological conditions as the construction area was located in the riprapped slope of the jetty, easily causing the slipping of the slope. The boreholes for cast -in -place pile construction cannot be made with the conventional method. The paper describes how the construction of cast -in -place piles on the riprapped slope was completed by using the double casing technology and presents effective measures to control the slipping of the casing and the leakage of slurry during boreholing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the comprehensive development of the agricultural ecological geological survey and the improvement of people’ s attention to the ecological environment in our country, the demand for biogeochemical reference materials in biological analysis food analysis and agricultural products analysis is increasing. The existing biogeochemical reference materials are in short supply, and there is an urgent need to develop new reference materials. With the full deployment and development of agro - ecological geological surveys, the demand for biogeochemical reference materials is increasing. OBJECTIVES: To reproduce tea composition reference materials (GBW10016a & GBW10052a) to take the place of old tea composition reference materials (GBW10016 & GBW10052). METHODS: According to the development needs of geological surveys, the focus of this paper is on the preparation of two tea reference materials, GBW10016a and GBW10052a. The progress includes sampling, processing and preparation, particle size test, uniformity test, stability test, content test, and calculation of identification value and uncertainty. In the sampling process, the sample collection locations are Wuyishan City, Fujian Province and Wuyuan County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province. The candidates are oolong tea and green tea. The tea samples both weigh 400kg. In the processing and preparation, the samples were cleaned, freeze-dried, heated and dried, ball milled, screened, sub-packed and inactivated. In the particle size test, the BT-9000s laser particle size distributor was used to test the particle size of the samples. The particle size of GBW10016a & GBW10052a centrally distributed in the range of 75μm to 200μm, and the cumulative distribution content reached 98% in the range of 175μm to 200μm. In the uniformity testing process, 15 bottles of samples were randomly selected for analysis of more than 30 elements. The analysis results show that the relative standard deviation of the elements is less than 7%, the measured values F in the variance test are less than the critical value F. It shows that the uniformity of the samples is acceptable. In the stability testing process, the short-term and long- term stability of the samples are good according to the analysis and testing in different time periods. In the content testing process, a total of 61 indicators were analyzed by accurate and reliable methods such as inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry / optical emission spectrometry ( ICP - MS / OES ) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) in multiple laboratories. In the process of calculation of identification value and uncertainty, the Grubbs algorithm and the Dixon algorithm were carried out to check and exclude individual out - group data in the group at the first step. The Cochrane algorithm was used to carry out precision testing at the second step. The Shapiro-Wilk algorithm was used to complete the data normality test. The whole preparation process of the tea reference materials follow three specifications: Technical Norm of Primary Reference Materials (JJG 1006—1994), General and Statistical Principles for Characterization of Reference Materials (JJF 1343—2012) and The Production of Reference Materials for Geoanalysis(JJF 1646—2017). RESULTS: GBW10016a ( GSB - 7a) and GBW10052a ( GSB - 30a) tea reference materials are successfully reproduced, and have been approved as national first-class reference materials. The GBW10016a (GSB-7a) and GBW10052a (GSB-30a) are characterized by strong representativeness, multi-component planting, and accurate and reliable customization results. A total of 61 indicators are involved in this reproduction: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb, Zn. GBW10016a (GSB - 7a) contains 54 elements with certified values and uncertainties, and 3 elements with reference values. GBW10052a ( GSB - 30a ) contains 57 elements with certified values and uncertainties, and 3 elements with reference values. For GBW10016a (GSB-7a), Ag and Sn are added, and Ge and Tl are upgraded from the reference values of the original batch ( GBW10016) to the certified values. For GBW10052a, Al, Ag, Cl, I, N, S, Sb, Sc, Si and Sn are upgraded from the reference values of the original batch ( GBW10052 ) to the certified values. Due to the current level of analysis technology and objective conditions, the elements of Hf and Nb cannot be given reference values. CONCLUSIONS: The reference materials effectively support the needs of geochemical investigation and evaluation of the agricultural ecological environment, analysis of biological samples and food and agricultural products. With the development of ecological environmental research and food safety and hygiene inspection, people pay more and more attention to the characteristic elements, and the requirements are increasing. Problems still exists in the analysis of biological samples, such as discrete analysis results of the same method between laboratories and systematic errors among the main analysis methods of individual elements. There are technical difficulties in the analysis of some elements. Analysis and testing technology needs to be continuously improved to cope with the characteristics of a special biological sample matrix, low composition content and difficult testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fujian tea culture is mainly famous for Kungfu tea, but eating Lei tea is popular in some areas where Hakka people live in northwest Fujian. Jiangle Lei tea, which is listed in the preservation list of intangible cultural heritage in Fujian Province, is an important part of Hakka Lei tea and the epitome of Hakka Lei tea culture. Taking Jiangle Lei tea as the research object, this paper analyzes its origin, production process and social value, as well as various factors of Jiangle Lei tea inheritance from the perspective of food anthropology, trying to explore how Jiangle Lei tea has become a local cultural symbol during its evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of triticeae crops planting area in Southeast China in the Southern Song Dynasty was a special phenomenon, which was formed on the basic of special social and economy environment. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, wheat, barley, buckwheat and other triticeae crops were widely popularized to the five southeast provinces, and wheat farming achieved considerable development. However, its prosperity was also flourishing, and its decline was also sudden, in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, triticeae crops planting area rapidly shrank and stabilized as a supplement to rice cultivation. From the perspective of social and economic history, this paper, by observing the choices of interest groups such as the emperor, local officials, northern immigrants and southern natives, discusses the driving forces of expansion of triticeae crops planting area from four aspects: orders with rewards or punishments, relief loans and taxes, immigrants’ dietary preference, and triticeae crops’ relief function, and draws the following conclusions: The imperial court promoted wheat and barley through administrative and economic means: orders with rewards or punishments were the main contents of administrative means, while relief loans and taxes were the main contents of economic means. Northern immigrants’ pasta preference promoted wheat demand’s growth, especially in Liangzhe and Jiangnandong Province, but in Jiangnanxi and Fujian Provinces, the immigrants’ preference had not shaken the local rice eating habits. Triticeae crops were considered as “the grain that can meet the shortage of rice”, under the situation of tension between people and land, triticeae crops’ relief function was to promote rice farms to grow wheat and barley to cope with famine. To sum up, the expansion of triticeae crops planting area was the coupling of two driving forces: the promotion of the government and the dietary preference of immigrants, which were the external driving forces; the natural attribute that wheat and barley are harvested when rice is green, which was the internal driving forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counting the size of farming area with Chinese area unit mu for grain was an ancient taxation system measurement, and mu was calculated with the standard of bu. However, in the mountainous areas of eastern and northern Fujian, with numerous mountains and fragmentized land, there existed a set of folk land measurement from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, namely counting seedlings as mu, either by "he", or by "ba", or by "dou" (the counting unit in agriculture) as a unit of measurement, and finally converted into mu for taxation. The agricultural counting unit had rigorous logic while seeming intricate. Based on the folk deeds in the Zhouning Museum in Fujian Province, this paper takes the unit ba as a clue to reconstruct this method of fields and lands measuring with a unified standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a provincial pilot project for the construction of port and waterway projects and the comprehensive utilization of channel dredged materials in Fujian Province, the channel dredged materials need to be comprehensively disposed and utilizedin the phase II project of Shijing channel in Weitouwan, Quanzhou. Due to the limitation of water depth and construction conditions, transfer pit shall be set. Considering the limited sea area and complex sea conditions, the supporting mud barge has only high-precision Beidou AIS system, no fixed-point mud throwing display system, and the transfer pit is operated by cutter suction dredger at the same time, on the premise of not increasing the cost and ensuring safe operation, this paper proposes the precise dumping and filling construction technology based on Beidou CORS system AIS ship position information service system, and describes the control measures for precise dumping and filling construction, which provides a reference for similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——Forest city is committed to public ecological services, providing residents with greening, purification and economic value functions, solving urban environmental problems, building an ecological civilization society with harmonious development between human and nature, and enabling people to have more sense of gain and happiness, which has become a national strategy. Understanding tourists’ emotion cognition from the essence of destination image is of great significance for the expression of tourism image symbols and the construction of brand image of forest city. ⑵ Methods——This study takes Sanming City in Fujian Province as a sample forest city. First Python software was used to crawl the review data of A-level tourist attractions in Sanming City on tourism websites such as Meituan, Tongcheng, Tuniu, Lvmama, Ctrip and Qunar, and 15,887 valid comments of tourists in Sanming City from January 2012 to May 2019 were obtained. These comments covered the main tourist attractions in Sanming City. Then the SnowNLP model was used to construct the emotion language processing library and calculate the emotion index, and the Grounded Theory was used to analyze the tourists’ emotional evaluation of forest city with the image as the clue. ⑶ Results——This paper summarizes the concepts of divinity image, human image and the characteristics of tourism image of forest city, and extracts two first-level categories of divinity image of forest city, namely mountain worship（amazing mountains and forests, beautiful scenic spots） and streams and lakes attachment（abundant water resources, wonderful water landscape, beautiful water environment）,and the category of landscape society of human image（ecological atmosphere, humanistic atmosphere, complete facilities）. Based on the characteristics of tourism image, the expression mechanism of tourism image is analyzed through the emotional transformation of the forest city aesthetic image between the subjects and the objects. Through the study of tourists’ emotional identification of forest city image, the generative mechanism of “nature-symbol-landscape-image” is summarized, and the realization logic of understanding tourists’ emotion cognition of forest city from the essence of tourism image is realized. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——First, grasp the underlying logic of the formation of forest city tourism image according to the realistic path of tourism image expression. Sanming City should make full use of tourists’ landscape worship, explore the effect of cheering the spirit of forest city, and create a spiritual home of returning to simplicity and clarity of mind. Second, explore tourism brands based on the sentiment index and the attention to high frequency words. Sanming City should strive to excavate the tourism brand of “streams and lakes attachment”, and focus on reflecting the divinity image and tourism publicity of “mainly streams and lakes attachment, supplemented by mountains and forests worship” in tourism marketing design. Third, spread the divinity image of the forest city through various channels. First of all, Sanming City should choose authoritative media to publicize the popularity of forest city, such as publicizing the divine tourism image of streams and lakes, mountains and forests on CCTV to show the new image of eco-tourism. Secondly, it is necessary to create the divinity image by holding large-scale festivals, competitions, forums and other ways. For example, in the Cross-Strait（Sanming） Forestry Expo, the divine tourism image of Sanming forest city is highlighted to create a strong forest tourism atmosphere. Finally, Sanming City should spread the divinity image of forest city in we-media channels such as WeChat, TikTok and Xiaohongshu, and present the new atmosphere of forest tourism in Sanming City. Fourth, improve the forest cities’ tourism infrastructures and enhance their service quality. Sanming City should take into account all aspects of tourism needs of tourists to ensure high-quality tourism services. In addition, ticket prices should be appropriately controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background——As a characteristic agricultural industry, tea industry is the leading industry for farmers to get rid of poverty and increase income in tea-producing areas. Fujian, as a major tea-producing province, not only has a better industrial foundation, but also has distinctive characteristics of tea industry development, which is representative and typical. Methods——Employing coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model, the coupling coordination degree of tea industry and regional economy in Fujian was analyzed and the obstacle factors were diagnosed. The data are derived from the Statistical Yearbook of Fujian from 2011 to 2021,the Statistical Yearbook of China’s Tea Industry from 2011 to 2017,and the Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development of Fujian from 2011 to 2020. Results——Through the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The tea industry in Fujian moves towards a high level of coupling with the regional economy. From 2011 to 2020,the coupling degree values were maintained between 0.7 and 1.0,and the push-pull interaction between the tea industry and economic development showed an increasingly strong trend, which led to the increase of the coupling degree value, and began to grow to and maintain the highest level in 2015.This shows that the tea industry and regional economy have entered a high level of coupling from the grinding stage. (2) The relation of Fujian tea industry and regional economy gradually moves to benign interaction and efficient coordination. In addition, the coupling coordinated development is the leading type in tea industry system from 2011 to 2015.In 2017, the synchronous development of subsystems was transformed into the dominant type of regional economic system, and the two subsystems were alternately dominated from 2018 to 2020.On the whole, the coupling development type of the two has gone through three stages, namely, from the imbalance recession stage, transition stage to the coordinated development stage. And the system changes from mild disorder to high-quality coordination. (3) Tea export volume, yield, output value, tea garden area and contribution rate of primary industry are the main obstacle factors. From 2011 to 2015,the export volume of tea has always been the first obstacle factor, followed by tea yield and tea garden area. From 2018 to 2020,the ranking of the top five obstacle factors has changed, the impact of tea exports has gradually decreased, and the proportion of tea output value in GDP has gradually increased, ranking first in 2020. Conclusions and Discussions—According to the research results, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) There is a strong interaction between the tea industry and the regional economy in Fujian Province, and it has developed from a low level of mutual restraint to a high level of mutual promotion.. (2) The obstacle degree of the subsystem of TE system in Fujian Province has not changed much. Starting from the main obstacle factors, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the coordinated development of tea industry and regional economy: (1) It is necessary to improve tea quality, promote tea exports. (2) It is required to deepen the processing level and improving the output value of tea. (3)It is expected to enrich the form of industrial integration and improve comprehensive benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major institutional innovation in the practice of the green development concept, the energy‑consuming transaction system is a major measure to promote the reform of the ecological civilization system. The implementation of the energy‑consuming transaction system is important for improving energy utilization efficiency and achieving ‘dual control’ of energy consumption and intensity. Using the energy‑consuming transaction system pilots as an entry point, and based on the panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper used the difference‑in‑differences method to examine the impact and mechanism of energy‑consuming transaction system on energy efficiency. The research results showed that the energy‑consuming transaction system could significantly improve energy utilization efficiency. Specifically, it could reduce the energy consumption per unit of GDP in the pilot provinces by 5.78%. The mechanism test showed that the energy‑consuming transaction system mainly improved energy utilization efficiency by promoting green technology innovation. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the energy‑consuming transaction system would have a diminishing effect on energy utilization efficiency along with the energy saving potential. The energy ‑consuming transaction system could play a significant role in promoting the energy utilization efficiency of Henan and Sichuan, while the impact on Zhejiang and Fujian was not significant. In addition, this article also found that the energy‑consuming transaction system had environmental dividends, which could effectively reduce sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions while promoting energy efficiency. After parallel trend test, structural breakpoint test, PSM‑DID, placebo test, and other robustness tests, the conclusion of this article was still valid. This study has the following implications: In the process of building the energy‑consuming transaction market, it is necessary to promptly summarize the pilot experience, gradually expand the piloting scope, constantly improve the regulatory mechanism to reduce institutional transaction costs, promote efficient energy allocation and rational use, and at the same time, adhere to local conditions and set out to formulate and implement supporting measures for energy‑consuming transactions with local characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives：Due to the sharp decline of global ecosystem services (ESs), there is an urgent need for correct environmental governance policies. The two problems in the current ecological environment governance in China need to be solved: (1) The lack of overall planning based on ecological function areas, (2) The shortage of in⁃depth synergy and tradeoff understanding among ESs. This study takes ecological function areas as the research units to measure the spatio temporal changes of four ESs (grain production (GP), carbon sequestration (CS), outdoor recreation (OR), and biodiversity conservation (BC)). It also explores the formation mechanism of the synergy and tradeoff among ESs and its spatially non⁃stationary response of the synergy and tradeoff to the five influencing factors of temperature, precipitation, sunshine, altitude, and urbanization. Methods: Various models and multisource data are integrated to estimate the yield distribution of ESs in Fujian Province. A difference comparison method is proposed to determine the spatial distribution of the synergy and tradeoff among ESs. The Moran􀆳s I applied is to determine the spatial autocorrelation of the synergy and tradeoff among ESs. The influencing factors are selected by principal component analysis, and the geographical weighted logistic regression (GWLR) determined the spatial response of the synergy and tradeoff to the influencing factors. Results: The main results are as follows: (1) The four ESs selected in the study (GP, CS, OR, And BC) have spatial heterogeneity. Among them, the yield distribution of GP is significantly related to the administrative region, and the highest values of BC, OR and CS appear in the ecological functional areas of biodiversity and water conservation. (2) All the Moran􀆳s I values applied are greater than 0, which means the synergy and tradeoff among ESs have significant spatial autocorrelation and are spatially clustered. (3) In space, there are synergy and tradeoff, instead of a single relationship between two ESs. (4) When the yield spatial distribution of two services is similar, such as BC and OR, the spatial distribution of synergies and tradeoffs of other services is also very similar. (5) The synergy and tradeoff among ESs showed significant responses to climate, topography, and urbanization. (6) The responses of the synergy and tradeoff among ESs to the influencing factors are spatially heterogeneous, and their positivity, negativity, and intensity varied with space. Conclusions: The diagnosis results of the model show that GWLR is superior to the global regression model in explaining the correlation of synergy and tradeoff among ESs with the influencing factors. By summarizing the law of the occurrence of synergy and tradeoff among ESs, this paper refines the existing formation mechanism of the synergy and tradeoff among ESs: In a certain area, the area proportion of supporting type of land and non⁃supporting type of land, and the degree of their support effect for each service will divide the two services into superior service and inferior service within the region. Due to the changes in land use, there are a dynamic gap between the superior service and the inferior service, and the increase in the gap may lead to tradeoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]