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Studying the effect of different concentrations of exogenous plant growth regulators on the growth and nutritional components of paper mulberry is of great significance for high-yield cultivation and popularization of paper mulberry. Hybrid paper mulberry seedlings were used as test materials, and three concentrations (150, 250, 350 mg/L) of plant growth regulators (GA3, DA-6, PP333 and 6-BA) were used to spray the whole plant, and then the growth indexes and nutrients were measured. The results showed that DA-6 and PP333 could promote the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM with a plant height of 73.13 cm, a stem diameter of 13.48 mm, the number of main stem nodes and branches were 32.00 and 11.67, and the DM was 97.69 g. GA3 significantly increased the plant height and average internode length of paper mulberry seedlings (P<0.05), and decreased stem diameter. 6-BA showed a slight inhibition on the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM. From the perspective of the effect on quality, the proportion of CP whole plant of paper mulberry treated with GA3 showed different degrees of increase, and this promoting effect decreased with the increase of application concentration. DA-6 and PP333 increased the proportion of NDF, ADF, ADL in the whole plant and TP of paper mulberry in different degrees. Among them, the paper mulberry treated with 250 mg/L PP333 had the highest TP, which was 16.27 g. All nutrients of paper mulberry treated with 6-BA were less than CK. The experiment indicates that the four plant growth regulators in the study had the following order: PP333 >DA-6 >GA3 > 6-BA. it is considered that spraying PP333 at 250 mg/L after 20 d of planting paper mulberry is conducive to cultivating strong paper mulberry and promoting the accumulation of DM and TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The paper aimed to investigate the effects of cold plasma treatment on the quality and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut carrots during storage, and to propose a basis for the application of cold plasma treatment in fresh-cut carrot preservation. [Methods]Fresh-cut carrots were treated with dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma at 60 kV for 5 min and stored at (10±1) ℃ for 72 h. Regular samples were taken to measure the quality parameters, polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut carrots. [Results]Cold plasma treatment could slow down the occurrence of white blush by inhibiting peroxidase activity and the accumulation of lignin and inhibit the growth of surface microorganisms in fresh-cut carrots. Cold plasma treatment maintained higher contents of ascorbic acid and total carotenoid in fresh-cut carrots. In addition, cold plasma treatment could improve the generation rate of ■ and H2O2 content during the early storage period, and improve the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL),cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase (4CL),and improve the contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and other phenolic substances and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate in fresh-cut carrots. [Conclusions]Cold plasma treatment could delay the quality deterioration of fresh-cut carrots, and improve the antioxidant activity by promoting the accumulation of phenolic substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutton has high nutritional value, and the meat is tender and easy to absorb. Compared with pork, mutton is high in protein and low in fat, while compared with beef, mutton is richer in minerals. In this paper, genetic factors, including breed, age, sex, genotype, and nutritional factors, including feed ratio, protein level, feed energy level, feed additives, and feeding management were elaborated to provide a scientific theoretical basis for fundamentally improving the quality of mutton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and the yield and quality of horticultural crops. 【Method】 The tomato variety ‘Fendu Jinguanwang’ was used as the research object. The bio-organic fertilizer and cultivation substrate were mixed in different proportions, and the cultivation substrate without bio-organic fertilizer was used as the control (CK). The effects of different amounts of bio-organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties, nutrient element accumulation, substrate enzyme activity and tomato growth, quality and yield were studied. 【Result】 (i) Adding a certain amount of bio-organic fertilizer to the cultivation substrate could significantly improve the substrate ventilation, pH and EC value, and increase the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the substrate. (ii) Adding a certain amount of bio-organic fertilizer could significantly improve the activity of matrix enzymes and the content of nutrients in matrix. Under T3 treatment, the activities of matrix urease, catalase, invertase and phosphatase were increased by 23.10%, 10.58%, 20.98% and 16.91%, respectively, compared with CK. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and organic matter in matrix were increased by 58.69%, 8.71%, 29.36% and 26.02%, respectively, compared with CK. (iii) The addition of appropriate amount of bio-organic fertilizer could significantly promote the growth of tomato plants and the improvement of leaf photosynthetic capacity. Compared with CK, the root activity and seedling index of tomato plants under T3 treatment increased by 19.99% and 41.03%, respectively. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves increased significantly. (iv) The single fruit weight and yield per plant of tomato under T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of the control, and the yield per plant increased by 19.78%, and the contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and lycopene in fruit were significantly increased. 【Conclusion】 Adding a certain amount of bio-organic fertilizer can improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, improve the enzyme activity of the substrate, significantly promote the growth of tomato plants, improve the ability of photosynthesis of tomato leaves, and improve the quality of tomato fruit.T3 treatment with the addition of 18% bio-organic fertilizer per barrel was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to investigate the comprehensive effects of irrigation amount on soil enzyme activity, yield, quality and nutrient utilization of pepper in Sichuan Basin, and propose an appropriate irrigation amount. 【Method】 The pepper variety of Xingshuzhoula 3 was used as the experiment material. Four irrigation amount treatments were set, and the soil volumetric moisture content was controlled respectively at 35%-40% (T1), 45%-50% (T2), 55%-60% (T3), 65%-70% (T4). The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase β-Glucosidase activity and catalase activity such as yield, quality, and plant N, P, K content of peppers were determined. The interrelationship between the indicators was analyzed. 【Result】 The soil enzyme activities increased with the increase of irrigation amount. The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase, β-glucosidase and catalase activities of T4 were the highest, and the activities of some enzymes were not significantly different from those of T3.Compared with T1, the increases were 48.80%, 28.70%, 45.60%, 100.87% and 102.58%, respectively. With the increase of irrigation amount, pepper yield also increased, T4 increased by 29.05% compared with T1, and there was no significant difference in pepper yield between T3 and T4.The content of vitamin C and capsaicin in peppers decreased gradually with the increase of irrigation water, but the content of soluble sugar in peppers increased with the increase of irrigation water. The amount of irrigation increased the total accumulation of nutrients (N, P and K), the physiological use efficiency of N and K and the partial fertilizer productivity in pepper fruits and shoots. Except that the physiological utilization efficiency of P was lower than that of T4, the other nutrient utilization parameters of T3 were not significantly different from those of T4, and the physiological utilization efficiency of K was even significantly higher than that of T4.【Conclusion】When the irrigation amount is 4392-4733 t/hm² (T3 and T4), the soil enzyme activity, yield and nutrient utilization rate of pepper are all at high levels. The results of the study provide a theoretical and practical reference for the selection of the irrigation amount of facilities pepper in Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of pulsed light technology on the reduction of bacteria in chilled chicken and provide a basis for its application in the chilled chicken industry. [Methods]Taking pulse voltage, pulse distance and pulse time as test factors, single factor experiment and Box-Behnken test were set to determine the optimal sterilization conditions, and the effect of pulsed light technology on the shelf life of chilled chicken was further evaluated by bacterial counts and physicochemical indicators. [Results]The sterilization effect of pulsed light on chilled chicken significantly enhanced with the increase of pulse voltage and time and the decrease of distance under certain conditions (P＜0.05). The optimal sterilization conditions for pulsed light were optimized in the response surface: voltage 8 V,distance 3 cm and time 12 s. Under these conditions, the total viable counts, total coliforms counts and Pseudomonas counts of chilled chicken were reduced by 0.91,0.86 and 1.05 lg(CFU·g-1),respectively, and the validation results indicated that the optimized parameters were highly reliable. The shelf-life study showed that pulsed light significantly inhibited the growth of total viable counts and total coliforms counts, and effectively slowed down the elevation of pH value, the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content and biogenic amines content in chilled chicken, and the pulsed light technology could extend the shelf life of chilled chicken from 3 d to 6 d. [Conclusions]The pulsed light technology was effective in microbial control of chilled chicken and had a high promotion value in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of sowing date and film mulching on yield and quality of direct seeding winter rapeseed to provide a theoretical basis for suitable sowing and high-yielding cultivation of winter rapeseed in dryland in southwest China. [Method] A two-factor completely randomized block design was adopted to explore the effect of sowing date(20th September, 30th September, 10th October, 20th October, 30th October, 10th November, 20th November) and film mulching (film mulching and no film mulching) on field soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, agronomic characteristics, yield and quality of Chuanyou 36. [Result] Film mulching effectively increased the 0-20 cm soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, plant height, length of main inflorscence and effective pods, thereby increasing rapeseed yield by 3.61%-44.47%, which was more obvious with the delay of sowing date. However, the sowing date delayed longer, dry matter accumulation and agronomic traits of rapeseed decreased significantly. The regression equation showed that the rapeseed yield rose first and then declined with the delay of sowing date, which had a significant polynomial relationship with sowing date. The optimal sowing date for rapeseed was 10th October, which was 2.13%, 47.97%, 74.19% and 136.64% higher than 30th September, 30th October, 10th November and 20th November, respectively. In addition, the delay of sowing date effectively reduced the content of linolenic acid, erucic acid and glucosinolates in rapeseed, but also reduced the oil content, while film mulching effectively decreased the difference in rapeseed quality resulted from the delay of sowing date. [Conclusion] 30th September to 10th October was a suitable sowing date for high yield of direct seeding rapeseed in dry land in southwest China, and a proper delay of the sowing period in combination with film mulching technology was more conducive to achieving goals of high yield, efficiency and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The paper aimed to explore the effects of different concentrations of copper and borax fertilizer on the growth physiology of Lonicera japonica Thunb. and quality of Lonicerae japonicae flos, to optimize the cultivation technology and improve the quality of its medicinal materials, to provide theoretical reference. [Methods]The single application and combined application of copper fertilizer(10, 30, 50 mg·L-1)and borax fertilizer(20, 40, 60 mg·L-1)were used to carry out field experiments, and the growth index of Lonicera japonica buds, photosynthetic pigment of Lonicera japonica leaves, nutrients, medicinal components and mineral ion content of Lonicerae japonicae flos were determined, and the optimal combination was determined according to the test results. [Results]The results showed that the suitable concentration of copper and borax fertilizer could increase the total chlorophyll content, while high concentration of copper and borax fertilizer could inhibit the total chlorophyll content. Suitable concentration of boron fertilizer could significantly increase the length of flower buds, and suitable combination of copper and borax fertilizer could significantly increase the fresh weight of flower buds, especially B1Cu2 treatment(B 20 mg·L-1, Cu 30 mg·L-1). The effect of single application of copper and boron fertilizer on nutrients was significant, B2treatment(B 40 mg·L-1)could significantly increase the content of soluble protein and starch, Cu1 treatment(Cu 10 mg·L-1)had the highest reducing sugar content. However, combined application of copper and borax fertilizer had a more significant effect on the medicinal components than single application of copper and borax fertilizer, especially B3Cu1 treatment(B 60 mg·L-1, Cu 10 mg·L-1). Except for Mn2+, the mineral ion content in Lonicerae japonicae flos generally increased by single application of copper and borax fertilizer, especially B1Cu2 treatment(B 20 mg·L-1, Cu 30 mg·L-1), which significantly increased by single application of copper and borax fertilizer. [Conclusions]This study showed that spraying suitable concentration of copper and borax fertilizer could increase the chlorophyll content of Lonicera japonica leaves, enhance photosynthesis, promote growth, increase the length of Lonicera japonica buds, fresh and dry weight, and the content of nutrient and medicinal components of Lonicerae japonicae flos, and the copper and borax fertilizer also had a significant effect on the content of mineral ions in Lonicerae japonicae flos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of different concentrations of urea on light energy utilization, physiological resistance, berry quality and yeast assimilable nitrogen in wine grapes during the color change of wine grapes in the wine production area of the eastern Helan Mountains.【Method】A combination of field trials and indoor analysis was conducted with the wine grape variety 'Cabernet Sauvignon' as the test material in a randomized block design. Urea was sprayed three times at 0‰, 1‰, 1.5‰, 2‰, 2.5‰, 3‰ and 3.5‰ during the color change of grapes, and the related indexes of physiology, quality and yeast assimilable nitrogen of wine grapes were measured, and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and significance test.【Result】During the color change of wine grapes, foliar nitrogen supplementation at appropriate levels significantly improved the berry quality of wine grapes. With the increase of urea concentration, the photosynthetic efficiency, physiology and berry quality of wine grape leaves showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The best results for net photosynthetic rate, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase and tannin content of grape leaves were obtained at 2.0‰ concentration spray. They were significantly increased by 36.10%, 38.46%, 14.65% and 19.51%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. Spraying 2.5‰ concentration significantly increased stomatal conductance water utilization, chlorophyll, catalase, spike length, grain size, 100 grain weight, soluble solids, sugar to acid ratio, anthocyanin, total phenols and yeast assimilable nitrogen by 54.53%, 26.32%, 13.66%, 264.61%, 20.99%, 44.47%, 42.55%, 4.50%, 3.18%, 108.13%, 33.71% and 54.85%, respectively, higher than the control treatment. Spraying 3.5‰ concentration significantly increased leaf area, proline and malondialdehyde by 30.80%, 156.21% and 48.04%, respectively, compared with the control treatment.【Conclusion】A comprehensive analysis showed that foliar spraying of urea at a concentration of 2.5‰ during the color change of wine grapes significantly increased the photosynthetic utilization efficiency of leaves, enhanced the physiological resistance of wine grapes leaves, improved berry quality and yeast assimilable nitrogen, and improved the quality of wine grapes berries. In turn, it provided high quality grape raw materials for making high quality wine in the eastern Helan Mountains wine region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important staple crops in China,wheat production target both high yield and high quality is very essential to simultaneously meeting the demands for food security and life quality. It has been found that both contents of key chemicals and processing quality vary greatly within different layers of wheat kernels. This provides a potential approach to achieve both high-yield and high-quality of wheat. In this paper,we detailly reviewed the spatial distributions of protein and its components,starch,dietary fiber and microelements. We further discussed the underlying mechanisms on the formation of protein and starch spatial distribution in the views of supply of substrate and synthetic capacity of protein and starch. The paper also summarized the regulation effects of cultivation practices on quality spatial distribution. Finally,we proposed the breakthrough solutions for exploring the underlying mechanisms on quality spatial distribution. This paper will provide research views for achieving the production of wheat with both high yield and high quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an economic crop, ginseng has been planted in China for thousands of years. Because of its various pharmacological activities, ginseng is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields, but the actual output of ginseng can't meet the market demand at present. Improving the production efficiency of ginseng is still the primary objective of ginseng planting research. In recent years, many new modes, technologies, methods and instruments have emerged in the production, such as site election, seed treatment, sowing, scaffolding, cultivation and harvesting. This paper summarizes the research status of ginseng cultivation from cultivation mode and techniques, hoping to provide reference for improving the production efficiency of ginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the physiological mechanism of kiwifruit pulp colour difference, so as to provide a reference for kiwifruit pulp colour directional breeding. 【Method】Six main kiwifruit varieties in Sichuan province were used as tested materials, the representative periods of fruit development were selected, and the contents of soluble solids, dry matter, total acid, Vc, soluble protein, soluble starch, total phenols, flavonoids and main pigments, as well as the scavenging rates of ABTS free radical, DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical were tested, meanwhile the changes of main physiological indexes and their correlation with pulp colour were studied. 【Result】The changes of main physiological indexes of different varieties in fruit development period basically tended to be the same, ‘Hongshi 2’ and ‘Jinshi 1’ maintained high contents of total phenol, Vc and total acid during the whole fruit development period and were significantly higher than the other four varieties in DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. In the early stage of fruit harvest, the dry matter content of ‘Hongyang’ was significantly higher than that of the other five varieties, the acid content was the lowest, and the soluble protein content of ‘Cuiyu’ was the highest. It was shown in the results of the analysis on the correlation between physiological index and pigment content that the flavonoid content was significantly or extremely significantly positively-correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of different varieties, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, vitamin C content and titratable acid content were significantly or extremely significantly negatively-correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of several varieties, and the scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS free radicals, as well as the contents of dry matter, total soluble solid, soluble starch and soluble protein were not consistently correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of different varieties. 【Conclusion】There is a significant correlation between the color difference of kiwifruit pulp and some physiological indexes. When breeding, the parent configuration combination matching the target characters can be selected through the test of physiological indexes related to the color of parent pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the effects of nitrogen level on the nutrition and flowering quality of Dendrobium nobile under greenhouse cultivation, and provided theoretical reference for precision facility cultivation and quality control of D. nobile. 【Method】The seedlings of 8 months old and sixteen months old of D. nobile were used as experimental materials. The changes of nutrient elements（N, P, K, Ca, Mg） and polysaccharide contents with time under different nitrogen levels（control, 1/3 N, 1/2 N, 1 N, 1. 5 N） and the changes of morphological indexes in 1 N treatment, were determined. 【Result】Except for the number of leaves, there were no significant changes in crown width, pseudobulb height, pseudobulb thickness, leaf length, and leaf width between July and March of the next year between large and small seedlings. The changes of N, P and K contents in seedlings under different treatments were basically consistent, showing a trend of first decline, then rise and then decline. The changes of Ca content were contrary, while Mg content showed a continuous decreasing trend. The contents of the same nutrient element had significant differences in different months. The changes of N, P and K contents in large seedlings increased first and then decreased in different treatments, while the changes of Ca and Mg contents were the same as those in young seedlings. The content of polysaccharide in small seedlings and large seedlings increased first and then decreased. 1/2 N, 1/3 N and 1 N treatments were beneficial to the accumulation of polysaccharide in stems of two-seedling age plants, and the content at the end of November was significantly higher than other periods. With the increase of nitrogen level, the initial flowering period of large seedlings was gradually delayed, among which the 1/3 N treatment had the earliest initial flowering period, and the 1 N treatment of large seedlings had the highest flowering rate and average number of flowers per plant, but 1/3 N treatment was close to it. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen had little effect on the morphological indexes of D. nobile at late growth stage（after July）, but had significant effect on nutritional physiology and flowering quality. After maturity stage, nitrogen reduction（1/3 N） could not only save fertilizer, but also bring earlier flowering and better flowering quality. There was no significant difference in the polysaccharide content under different nitrogen treatments, but N-reduction treatments（1/2 N, 1/3 N） were also beneficial to the accumulation of polysaccharide in D. nobile stems, and it was suitable to harvest at the end of November. The results can provide references for precision facility cultivation, flowering regulation and quality improvement of D.nobile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 This paper aimed to explore effects of reduced chemical fertilizer and soil texture on yield, quality and nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） fertilizer utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco. 【Method】 Using flue-cured tobacco variety K326 as material, a field experiment was established in sandy soil, clay soil and heavy loam in Qujing tobacco production site, and six fertilization treatments were set up, i.e., T1（CK）（conventional dosage of N, P, K）, T2 and T3（deduced fertilizer N, P, K proportion by 10% and 20%, respectively）, T4 and T5（organic fertilizer replacing 10% and 20% chemical fertilizer, respectively） and T6（no manure or fertilizer）. 【Result】Compared with treatment T1（CK）, treatments T2, T3 significantly improved grade, yield, economical output and N, P, K use efficiency of tobacco leaves in sandy soil. Meanwhile, treatments T2, T3 increased contents of potassium, decreased total sugar, reducing sugar. The contents of total nitrogen, nicotine and water-soluble chloride in the middle and upper parts of leaves were not significantly affected; and the chemical composition was more balanced under T2 and T3. Compared with treatment T1（CK）, treatment T2 and T5 did not significantly improved growth of the tobacco plants in clay soil, but the proportion, yield, output and N, P, K use efficiency under T2 and T5 in tobacco leaves were significantly higher than that of T1（CK）, and the chemical composition of middle and upper position leaves was more balanced. Compared with T1（CK）, treatments T2, T3, T5 had no effect on tobacco plant growth in heavy loam, but improved the proportion of products, yield, output, N, P, K use efficiency of tobacco. Furthermore, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar of middle and upper part leaves were increased under T2, T3 and T5. The total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium and water-soluble chloride were not affected by treatments. And treatments T2, T3 significantly improved the balance of chemical composition of tobacco leaves. Under the same N, P and K application rate, the N and P uptake and use of tobacco plants in different soils could be sorted as the following: Sandy soil>heavy loam>clay soil, and K use efficiency as the following: Heavy loam>clay soil>sandy soil. 【Conclusion】Based on the current N, P and K usage of tobacco in farmlands, the potential N, P and K proportion of chemical fertilizer reduction（CR） or replacement with organic fertilizer（ROR） in sandy soil was 10%. The N, P and K proportion of CR or ROR in clay soil was 10%-20%. The potential reduction of N, P and K fertilizer in heavy loam was 10%, and the potential proportion ROR was 10%-20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the relationship between rice flavor quality and nitrogen nutrient absorption and utilization, the genotypes of high nitrogen efficient and good taste value rice were selected.【Method】The excellent japonica rice varieties（strains） cultivated along the yellow area were used as the test materials, and the influence of nitrogen on different rice genotype rice quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization was studied by setting different nitrogen fertilizer levels. 【Result】The taste value of different genotypes rice showed high difference, which decreased with nitrogen application increasing. The taste value of no nitrogen fertilizer was the highest and up to 83.9. Protein and straight starches increased with nitrogen application increasing. The linear analysis showed a significant open downward parabolic relationship and was performed with the nitrogen application quantity and the taste value(r=0.998**). The milled rice rate and the whole head rice rate increased with the nitrogen amount increasing, and the chalky grain rate and the chalkiness decreased with the nitrogen amount increasing. The nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen grain production efficiency and nitrogen harvest index differed greatly between genotypes. The excellent and high-efficient nitrogen rice genotypes represented by by xindao 89 and xinkedao 31 were generally manifested with good appearance quality and relative high nitrogen grain production efficiency, up to 56.44 kg/kg. The related analysis showed that the nitrogen grain production efficiency was significantly positively with the rice taste value and significantly negatively with the protein content. The nitrogen use efficiency was significantly negatively with the taste value, negatively with the chalky grain rice rate and chalkiness, and positively with the milled rice rate and the whole head rice rate. It showed that the taste quality of rice improved and the appearance quality decreased under the level of no or less nitrogen fertilizer.【Conclusion】The nitrogen grain production efficiency can be used as an important evaluation index of excellent quality and high nitrogen efficient rice breeding. Improving the nitrogen use efficiency may be more conducive to improving rice processing, appearance quality and rice yield level. Good quality with high nitrogen efficiency（high nitrogen grain production efficiency） and high yield with high nitrogen efficiency（high nitrogen use efficiency） can be used as important evaluation standards for excellent food taste rice breeding and high yield rice breeding, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide theoretical basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer to wheat, effects of reduced application rates of nitrogen on yield and quality of wheat were analyzed in Yunnan province. [Method] Using a two-factor randomized block design, the newly bred dryland wheat varieties Yunmai 76 and Yunmai 77 were used as materials to set up a nitrogen-use efficiency experiment including 5 N application rates, namely, 300 kg/hm²(N1),240 kg/hm²(N2), 180 kg/hm²(N3) and 120 kg/hm²(N4) and no nitrogen fertilizer(N5), respectively. The related indexes of grain yield, yield components and quality under different rates were determined. The correlation between grain yield and spike number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight was analyzed. [Result] Under different nitrogen application rates, the yield of Yunmai 76 and Yunmai 77 decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rates. When the nitrogen application rate decreased from 300 kg/hm² to 240 kg/hm², the yield decreased by 1.38% and 0.30%, respectively; When the nitrogen application rate decreased to 180 kg/hm²or below 180 kg/hm², the yield was significantly decreased. In terms of yield components, the number of panicles per unit area significantly decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate; However, the effect of nitrogen application rate on 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike was not significant. The results of correlation analysis between yield and components showed that there was a extremely significant positive correlation between yield and panicle number(R=0.92）. There was no significant correlation with grain number per spike, but a significant negative correlation with 1000-grain weight. Under the rateof N180 kg/hm² and no nitrogen application, the yield of Yunmai 77 was 10.67% and 28.87% higher than that of Yunmai 76, respectively, and the yield decrease of Yunmai 77 was much lower than that of Yunmai 76 under the same N treatment. In terms of quality, protein content and wet gluten content decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rates, and the differences were significant; The responses of sedimentation value, stability time and formation time to nitrogen application varied with different varieties. The sedimentation value of Yunmai 76 decreased at first and then increased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate, but the nitrogen reduction rate had no significant effect on the sedimentation value of Yunmai 77. [Conclusion] Yunmai 77 is a wheat variety with tolerant low nitrogen. Considering the yield and quality comprehensively, under the experimental conditions, when the conventional nitrogen application rate in this area is 300 kg/hm², the synergistic improvement of wheat yield and quality can be realized [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to the problem that application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and long-term continuous culti vation mode in the industry caused the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum L had declined in recent years, and the effects of different mi crobial agents on the growth and development of the L. barbarum L. and fruit yield and quality were studied. [Method] Ningqi No. 7 L. barba rum L. was used as experimental material, and the field trials with no microbial agents as a control were conducted by the application of Tl, T2, T3 three microbial agents. [ Result] Each treatment had different degrees of promoting effects on the vegetative growth, reproductive growth, yield and quality of L. barbarum L. plants. Microbial agents could significantly increase the survival rate of first-year L. barbarum L. seedlings, and the amount of roots and branch growth by 9. 06% - 57. 84% and 4. 76% - 54. 9%, respectively; Microbial agents could in crease the number of branches, branch growth and SPAD value of fourth-instar L. barbarum L. plants by 29. 9% - 87. 09%, 7. 5% - 18. 3%, and flower formation rate, fruit setting rate, 100-seed weight and yield by 2. 07% - 18. 87%, 3.19% - 13. 63%, 0.57% - 4. 92%, 29. 7% - 52. 7%, respectively; Especially, T2 had the most significant effect, compared with other treatments, the amount of branches, flower formation rate and yield were increased by 30. 05%, 12. 23% and 4. 45%. Microbial agents could significantly improve fruit quality and increase the content of polysaccharides, betaine, total flavonoids, and carotene in L. barbarum L. fruit by 4. 55% 25%, 25. 5% - 43. 67%, 12. 5% - 58%, and 2. 8 - 3. 6 times, respectively. Especially, Tl had the most significant effect on the improvement of quality indicators, compared with other treatments, the content of polysaccharides, betaine and carotene increased significantly by 5. 77%, 8. 52% and 23. 78%. [ Conclusion] Comprehensive evaluation of the analysis results showed that the three combinations of microbial agents tested had a certain positive effect on growth of L. barbarum L. . T2 had the most significant effect on tree growth, yield and economic benefits, Tl had the best effect on fruit quality, and it could be used for reference and promotion according to production needs in production practice, Tl and T2 could be used together to achieve the effect of improving quality and increasing production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]