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Monodisperse carbon nanospheres (CNs-APAM) with different APAM incorporation amounts were prepared by an assisted hydrothermal method using glucose, anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) as raw material. The samples were characterized and tested using SEM, FTTR, XRD, TG, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis). The effects of APAM addition on the dispersion and yield of carbon nano spheres (CNs) and the adsorption performance of CNs on methylene blue (MB) with different APAM additions were investigated. Tt was shown that the best dispersion and highest yield of CNs were achieved at the addition of APAM at 1 20 mg, with the yield up to 21.5 %• The adsorption results showed that CNs-APAM had the best adsorption effect on MB with the maximum adsorption amount of 124.26 mg • g-1 when the addition amount of APAM was 1 20 mg, the adsorption time was about 2 h, the concentration of MB solution was 30 mg/L, and the initial pH of the solution was 100. The fitting results of the adsorption model showed that the process of MB adsorption by CNs-APAM was consistent with Langmuir model with quasi-secondary kinetic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]