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The ecotone of ecological communities is usually rich in species and complex in floristic components, which is regarded as a key zone. Budanla Mountain is located in the transition zone of semi-humid to semi-arid ecological environment in Tibet. Because of its special natural geographical environment, it has rich mountain plant diversity. However, the composition and floristic characteristics of seed plants in this important ecological transition area are still not well understood. In order to clarify the floristic composition and vertical distribution pattern of seed plants on the south slope of Budanla Mountain, the floristic characteristics of seed plants on the south slope of this mountain were systematically studied through field plant community quadrat investigation, laboratory specimen identification and related literature review in this paper, the richness pattern of advantage genera and geographical composition along the altitude gradient was also explored. The results were as follows:(1)There were approximately 316 species of seed plants belonging to 45 families and 156 genera in the south slope of Budanla Mountain, in which there were the most abundant single species and small genera of seed plants, the temperate distribution type was dominant at the genus and species level.(2)In the vertical distribution gradient of geographical elements, the temperate distribution type had a peak value at 4 000 m, including 53 genera, and showed a downward trend with the increase of altitude.(3)The nature of floristic geographical elements and the vertical distribution of species richness in this area might be mainly affected by the local semi-humid climate, local environmental factors and topography. The results of this study can provide important basic data for the study of plant diversity protection and resource utilization in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]