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[ Objective]The present paper explored the spatial-temporal characteristics of utilization efficiency of agricultural water under constraints of carbon emission and water pollution in 16 prefectures of Yunnan province from 2010 to 2019, and put forward some suggestions on improving utilization efficiency of agricultural water. [Method] The Super-SBM model, the kernel density estimation method and Malmquist index method were used for the analysis of utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province. [ Result] The utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province was low, and there was great potential for improvement. There were significant differences among regions, showing a spatial distribution of reduced radiation around the 'Central-Southern Yunnan province T-belt'. The utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province had shown an obvious upward trend, with different upward trends in different regions in the past 10 years. The medium and high-level areas had a large growth rate and range while the low-level areas had the opposite. There was a polarization phenomenon in utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province. The range of medium and high efficiency zones increased, while low efficiency zones decreased or even disappered. Yunnan province presented the spatial pattern of high utilization efficiency of agricultural water of ' three pillars' in central Yunnan province, southern Yunnan province and western Yunnan province. The degree and scope of the agglomeration in the agglomeration areas continued to increase, ranging from central Yunnan province to western Yunnan province to southern Yunnan province. [ Conclusion] The overall level of utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province was low. There were large differences in temporal variation and spatial distribution. Technological progress is the fundamental measure to improve utilization efficiency of agricultural water. Differentiated enhancement measures should be adopted for different prefectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]