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In order to promote low-carbon transition and high-quality development process of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin, this paper used coefficient method to calculate the agricultural carbon effect of nine provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020 and analyzed its spatial-temporal evolution law. The fairness and difference of provincial agricultural carbon emissions in the Yellow River Basin were researched from the perspectives of ecological carrying capacity and economic contribution capacity. The results show that the overall agricultural carbon effect of the Yellow River Basin maintains a stable growth trend, with the maximum increase in Inner Mongolia and the minimum increase in Sichuan. The agricultural carbon effect of each province (region) shows the characteristic of net carbon sink. The agricultural carbon effect of the Yellow River Basin shows the unbalanced spatial distribution of “high in the eastern area and low in the western area, high in the upstream and low in the downstream.” Based on the numerical difference of ecological carrying coefficient and economic contribution coefficient in the fairness evaluation model of agricultural carbon emissions, the nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin are divided into four categories of double-advantage type, ecological dominant type, economic dominant type and double-disadvantage type. Among which, Shandong has always been the double-advantage type; Henan has always been the ecological dominant type; Sichuan and Qinghai have always been the economic dominant type; Inner Mongolia has transformed from the double-advantage type into the ecological dominant type; Shaanxi and Shanxi have changed from the ecological dominant type to the economic dominant type and the double-disadvantage type respectively; Ningxia and Gansu have always been the double-disadvantage type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the effectiveness of interprovincial ecological protection and control in the Yellow River Basin, this paper used evolutionary game model to study the dynamic evolution process of government collaborative management in the upper and lower reaches of the river basin, and analyzed the factors affecting the main body’s strategy selection. The applicability of the model in the Yellow River Basin (Henan-Shandong Section) was evaluated by empirical analysis based on cost-sharing model combined with the “Ecological Compensation Agreement” (hereinafter referred to as “Compensation Agreement”) signed by Henan and Shandong provinces. The results show that a) the stability of the evolutionary game model has nothing to do with the benefits of ecological protection and the ratio of rewards and punishments in the downstream region. The core of upstream and downstream governments’ participation in ecological protection and control lies in whether the maximum reward amount of the government is enough to cover the governance cost. b) When the government’s incentive and constraint amount is more than twice the upstream ecological protection cost, it is more conducive to achieve the overall optimal decision. c) Taking Henan and Shandong provinces as examples, the ecological protection cost and compensation amount of the river basin are calculated. According to the Compensation Agreement, the current compensation amount is relatively small for the importance of the ecological protection of the two provinces and the Yellow River. Based on this, suggestions are put forward to increase the award and punishment, explore diversified compensation methods and promote the sustainable development of ecological compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to comprehensively evaluate the ecological sustainable development capacity of water-energy-food system in the Yellow River Basin, based on the energy theory and method, and combining with the entropy method, this paper built an evaluation index system for the ecological sustainable development capacity of the water-energy-food system in the Yellow River Basin, and comprehensively evaluated the ecological sustainable development capacity of this system from 2008 to 2018. The results show that a) from the overall perspective of the Yellow River Basin, the nexus system belongs to the resource-consuming economic development mode from 2008 to 2018. The rapid economic development has exerted great pressure on the local ecological environment, and the system has been in a state of high environmental load for a long time, resulting in the continuous weakening of the ecological sustainability of the system. b) From the perspective of provinces in the Yellow River Basin, the ecological environment pressure of the lower reaches of the river basin is increasing day by day and the ecological sustainable development capacity is poor. Therefore, the exploitation of renewable resources should be strengthened and the dependence on non-renewable resources should be reduced. The upstream provinces have relatively less environmental pressure and better ecological sustainability. It should strengthen infrastructure construction and promote economic development. c) The overall structural equilibrium of water-energy-food in the Yellow River Basin provinces and regions shows significant variability in time and space, and the ecological sustainability of the system is weakening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to encourage the in-depth implementation of China major national strategies on ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper based on the theoretical significance of Economic Geography, the Thought on Ecological Civilization, Dual-Nuclei Structure and the practical needs included the service and integration into the new development pattern, the coordinated development of the north-south economy and the high-quality development in inter-provincial border areas, a strategic concept of Zhengzhou and Jinan Twin City Economic Circle was put forward. The feasibility of Zhengzhou and Jinan Twin City Economic Circle construction was analyzed empirically through the strength of economic connections between Zhengzhou and Jinan, and the spatial layout of “One District, Two Cores and Three Belts” was constructed. Policy recommendations to promote the construction and development of Zhengzhou and Jinan Twin City Economic Circle were put forward by accessing the five aspects of strengthening the development of adjacent areas between Henan and Shandong; ensuring the security and ecological co-governance of the Yellow River Basin; consolidating the construction of transportation infrastructure; strengthening scientific and technological innovations and industrial co-operations; and deepening the integrated development of culture and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for the implementation of ecological protection and high-quality development strategy in the Yellow River Basin, taking the nine provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin as the research object and high-quality development as the starting point, from the perspective of promoting high-quality development, this paper used three-stage DEA model, Malmquist DEA model and absolute β convergence test model to calculate the green economic efficiency of the Yellow River Basin and analyzed the convergence based on the spatial panel data from 2009 to 2017. The results shows that the overall efficiency of green economy in the Yellow River Basin is low, and there are obvious differences in the efficiency of green economy in all provinces and regions; ignoring the influence of external environmental factors and random interference, it will overestimate the efficiency of green economy in the Yellow River Basin; the external environmental factors affecting the efficiency of green economy in the Yellow River Basin are diverse and complex, and the improvement of per capita GDP and urbanization rate is helpless for improving the efficiency of green economy, the proportion of general budget expenditure in GDP is conducive to improve the efficiency of green economy, and the proportion of fixed assets investment in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and mining industry will help to improve the efficiency of green economy; caused by the decline of technological progress change index, the overall green economic efficiency of the Yellow River Basin is declining; the green economic efficiency of the Yellow River Basin has the trend of convergence, which is reflected in the convergence of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are nearly 400 development zones above the provincial level in the Yellow River Basin. The rapid expansion of development zones not only drives local economic growth, but also causes problems such as prominent contradiction between land supply and demand, low ef-ficiency of spatial resources allocation and environmental pollution. By establishing DPSIR model, this paper analyzed the evolution trend of de-velopment zones in the Yellow River Basin and the distribution characteristics of leading industries from the perspective of ecological carrying capacity. The results show that the agglomeration characteristics of the development zones of the Yellow River Basin are obvious, the quantity and scale are increased obviously, and the overall ecological carrying capacity of the agglomeration areas in the development zones has been de-creased. The development zones are distributed in the east-west direction, with the trajectory and center of gravity of the national development zones shifting eastward, and the provincial development zones shifting southwest from the overall trajectory and center of gravity, increasing the dispersion degree. There are differences in the spatial distribution of different types of industrial development zones. The leading industrial struc-tures of provincial and national development zones are quite different, and the phenomenon of industrial convergence in some provinces is obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the contradiction between the shortage of water resources and the increasing water demand for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, it is of great significm1ce to analyze the irrigation water efficiency and the impact of irrigation on the groundwater source and ecological protection of the basin. In this paper, many methods were used to analyze the evolution of irrigation water intake and consumption of surface water and groundwater from 1998 to 2019, and the impact of irrigation evolution on groundwater resources. The results show that the irrigation water intake of the Yellow River Basin reaches its peak at the age of 20th century, irrigation water intake and consumption are the most complex changes since 1998; from 1998 to 2019, the surface water irrigation water intake is decreased first and then gradually stabilized, while the groundwater irrigation water intake is decreased year by year, and the proportion of surface water and groundwater irrigation water to the total water intake is decreased by 20%and 10%· respectively. The ecological water supplement and water transfer from the basin becomes the main water consumption of the Yellow River. The water consumption rate of groundwater irrigation decreases year by year and the development of water-saving agriculture significantly reduced the surface evapotranspiration; the Yellow River irrigation plays an important supporting role in stabilizing the groundwater level and replenishing groundwater resources in the irrigation area, and the variation of groundwater storage is significantly correlated with the amount of surface water irrigation in the previous year ( P <0.05). The evolution of canal lining and irrigation methods makes the recharge of irrigation to groundwater resources decrease. High quality development of the Yellow River Basin requires intensive and economical utilization of water resources, and irrigation water intake will he further reduced. It is necessary to coordinate the comprehensive regulation of surface water and groundwater, and promote the ecological protection and the healthy development of economy and society in the strategic area of the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to deepen the research on the coordination mechanism of ecological protection and economic development of the urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin, and to provide references for the research on high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, taking the Lanzhou-Xi' an urban agglomeration, the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration, and the Huhhot-Baotou-Erdos-Yulin urban agglomeration, Central China urban agglomeration, Central Shanxi urban agglomeration, and Ningxia urban agglomeration along the Yellow River as the research objects, this paper established an index system according to the four subsystems of ecological environment, economic development, human water relationship, and people' s happiness . It adopted the entropy weight method and the coefficient of variation method to determine the index weights and SMI-P model to calculate the coordination degree between ecologic; J protection and high-quality development, and analyzed the changes in the coordination degree between ecological protection and high-quality development in urban agglomerations along the Yellow River from 2009 to 2018. The results show that the coordination degree of ecological protection and high-quality development of the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River presents a cascade distribution pattern of high in the cast and low in the west (high in the downstream and low in the upper reaches) ; the degree of coordination between protection and high-quality development is rising, and the difference in the degree of coordination among urban agglomerations is gradually decreasing; in 2009, only the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration is in a state of 'close to synergy", while most other urban agglomerations arc in a state of "on the verge of imbalance" ; in 2018, the Central China urban agglomeration and the Huhhot-Baotou-Erdos -Yulin urban agglomeration also reach a state of "close to synergy", while other urban agglomerations are about to reach a state of "close to synergy" ; there arc: significant spatial differences of the coordinated development index among four subsystems (i.e. ecological environment, economic development, human-water relationship, and people' s happiness of each urban agglomeration) . The urban agglomeration with high degree of coordination has a weaker subsystem coordinated development index, while the urban agglomeration with a low degree of coordination has a larger subsystem coordinated development index. Therefore, each urban agglomeration should he adequate to give full play to their respective location advantages and resource advantages, strengthen their weaknesses, and implement differentiated ecological protection and high-quality economic coordinated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The building of the evaluation method and the evaluation index system for the high quality development of the Yellow River Basin has been the focus of current research. Considering that the DPSIR model has strong advantages of comprehensiveness, integrity and systemicity, according to the characteristics of the Yellow River Basin and based on the improved DPSIR model, a high-quality development evaluation index system of the Yellow River Basin was built, which consisted of five logical criteria, such as driving force, pressure, state, influence and response, and 12 elements and 20 indicators. Entropy weight method was used to determine the weight of each index and evaluate the current situation of high quality development in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the current high quality development index GDI of the Yellow River Basin is 2.589, the high quality development level is 3, and the state is ordinary. According to the scores of each criterion, each element and each index, the paper puts forward the shortcomings that should be made up for for the high quality development of the Yellow River Basin increasing the financial support to the tertiary industry, raising the income level of residents and increasing the proportion of labor factors control urban population density, reduce urban building planning density, create more job opportunities consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, increase forest coverage, optimize export industries, and promote the development of import and export trade promote the sustainable growth of technology market turnover, introduce scientific and technological talents and information technology, and promote the development of the information industry address employment and social security issues and increase support for small and medium-sized enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of economic development in the Yellow River Basin at different scales is of great significance to the implementation of the major national strategy of ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River Basin. By collecting the economic data （including GDP, per capita GDP, primary industry value, secondary industry value and tertiary industry value） of 7 urban agglomerations,9 provinces （regions） and 73 city regions in the Yellow River Basin in recent 20yeard, this paper uses mathematical statistical analysis methods and spatial statistical analysis methods to study the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of economy at three different scales. The results show that （a） on the whole, there are great differences in GDP among urban agglomerations, provinces and cities in the Yellow River Basin, and this gap is becoming larger and larger with the rapid development of economy. （b） The GDP and the three major industries value in 1999 and 2019 showed agglomeration effect in space, and Moran’s I passes the test. The cities with “high concentration” distribution are mainly distributed in Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration in the east of the Yellow River Basin, and the cities with " low concentration" distribution are mainly distributed in and near Lanxi urban agglomeration in the west of the Yellow River Basin.（c）The GDP of urban agglomeration is mainly related to topographic factors and the amount of foreign investment; Provincial GDP is mainly related to the number of on-the-job employees, the total post and telecommunications business and highway mileage, and the amount of foreign investment. Urban GDP is mainly related to the amount of foreign investment, the number of on-the-job employees, the total postal and telecommunications business and railway operating mileage and topographic factors. The amount of foreign investment has a significant impact on the economy at different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide decision-making support for further promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin and other regions, based on the panel data of 136 districts and counties in the Yellow River Basin in 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014, this paper made a preliminary discussion on the temporal and spatial differentiation and influencing factors of high-quality green devel opment level in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that from the perspective of time sequence change, the level of rural high-quality green development is increasing year by year, among which the lower reaches of the rural high-quality green development level is the fastest. From the perspective of difference analysis, the overall difference changes is in an inverted-U shape, which is mainly due to the increase of internal differences in the upstream, middle and downstream, among which the internal contradiction in the upper reaches is the biggest. From the perspective of spatial structure, the level of high-quality green development in rural areas has significant spatial differentiation and has relatively olivious convergence characteristics of spatial clubs. Resources endowment, environmental quality, urbanization level and eco nomic development are the leading factors of high-quality green development in rural areas. The interaction types of driving factors are double factor enhancement or nonlinear enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the new development concept, promoting the high?quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin is the strategic choice to resolve the inadequacy and imbalance of China's economic development. In order to help solve the puzzlement of economic development and environmental governance, and provide new ideas for retaining "green mountains and clear water" and creating "silver mountains and golden mountains", based on the spatial Durbin model and instrumental variable method, and based on the environmental and economic data of 58 cities above prefecture level in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2018, this paper systematically investigated the impact of environmental regulation and industrial upgrading on the high?quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the environmental regulation and industrial upgrading have a significant role in promoting the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin, environmental regulation has a significant negative spatial spillover effect, and the spatial spillover effect of industrial upgrading is not significant. At the same time, the environmental regulation and industrial upgrading have a synergistic effect in promoting the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin. The heterogeneity test in different periods shows that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the effect of environmental regulation and industrial upgrading on improving the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin has become more and more significant, and the industrial upgrading also presents a significant spatial interaction effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)