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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of evolocumab， a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） inhibitor， in lowering LDL-C levels in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with mild renal insufficiency. Methods Clinical data of patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease complicated with mild renal insufficiency in Department of Cardiology （estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） 60-90 mL/（min·1.73 m2）） were retrospectively collected. All patients were divided into two groups according to the LDL-C lowering strategy. In the experimental group （n=50）， patients were treated with evolocumab， a PCSK9 inhibitor， combined with statins （rosuvastatin calcium tablets）， and their counterparts in the control group （n=42） were treated with statins （rosuvastatin calcium tablets） alone. LDL-C level， renal function indicators， side effects and adverse cardiovascular events at 1 and 3 months were observed between two groups. Results Compared with the control group， the LDL-C level at 1 month was significantly lower in the experimental group （（1.27±0.90） mmol/L vs. （1.75±0.82） mmol/L， P < 0.05）， and the LDL-C level 3 months was even lower （（0.94±0.44） mmol/L vs. （1.53±0.53） mmol/L， P < 0.05）. However， no significant differences were noted in the changes of renal function indicators at l and 3 months between two groups （all P > 0.05）. During 3-month treatment period， no adverse reactions， such as new-onset diabetes mellitus and neurocognitive dysfunction， were observed in both groups. The incidence of cardiovascular events （readmission for unstable angina， acute myocardial infarction and repeated percutaneous coronary intervention） and other adverse reactions （rash and myalgia） did not significantly differ between two groups （all P > 0.05）. Conclusions In coronary heart disease patients complicated with mild renal insufficiency， evolocumab combined with rosuvastatin can significantly reduce LDL-C levels at 1 and 3 months and maintain high safety compared with compared to rosuvastatin alone.

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble natural plant polysaccharide from Konjac tubers, a special resource in China. It has good water absorption and thickening properties. Due to the complex structure, large molecular weight, and strong hydrophilicity of the characteristic acetyl group, KGM-based materials have poor moisture barrier properties and poor mechanical properties, further limiting their applications. In the early stage, it was found that the rigidity and flexibility of Konjac glucomannan particle molecular chain may affect the mechanical stability of its grain state. This strange molecular rigidity and flexibility may be due to the dynamic change of molecular chain to form stable KGM particles. It is speculated that the change of molecular rigid and flexible structure can improve the stability of molecular chain of KGM particles and obtain KGM particles with good mechanical properties. This paper will deeply analyze the research process of "KGM particle molecular rigidity and flexible structure → effect of molecular rigidity and flexible structure on KGM particle mechanical stability → molecular dynamics simulation interactive visual analysis → experimental verification and model evaluation → strengthening the mechanical properties of KGM based materials". The mechanical stability mechanism of Konjac glucomannan particle state structure formation and its molecular rigidity and flexible regulation behavior were revealed. The dynamic regulation was carried out by computer simulation to explore the relationship between them. The purpose is to reveal the mechanical stability mechanism of Konjac glucomannan particle state and lay a theoretical foundation for the bottleneck problem faced by Konjac refined powder in the processing process and its molecular stiffness and flexibility regulation.

In this study, the differences in the total sugar content of Cantonese soy sauce determined by three methods, the direct titration method, phenol-sulfuric method and anthrone-sulfuric acid method were compared, and the three methods were verified by the methodological approach, in order to screen out a suitable method for the determination of the total sugar content in the Cantonese soy sauce. The results showed that the direct titration method, phenol-sulfuric acid method and anthrone-sulfuric acid method had good linearity in the concentration range of 0.50~8.00 mg/mL, 0.00~0.08 mg/mL and 0.00~0.08 mg/mL, respectively, with their RSD values of the precision test being 1.07%, 0.05% and 0.05%, respectively, and their RSD values of the reproducibility test being 0.88%, 3.93% and 3.24%, respectively. The color developed was stable within 24 h for the direct titration, and within 1 h for both the phenol-sulfuric acid and anthrone-sulfuric acid methods. In the spike-recovery experiments, the anthrone-sulfuric acid method led to an average recovery of 168.04% with an RSD value of 2.97%, whilst The direct titration method resulted in an average recovery of 104.67% with an RSD value of 2.07%. The phenol-sulfuric acid method showed an average recovery of 103.85% but had a higher RSD value of 8.04%. The accuracy of the anthrone-sulfuric acid method was lower than the other two methods. Therefore, the direct titration method and the phenol-sulfuric acid method have good precision, reproducibility and stability, thus, both are theoretically feasible. The anthrone-sulfuric acid method is not suitable for the determination of total sugar content in Cantonese soy sauce. The total sugar content in soy sauce is one of the basic indicators to reflect the quality of soy sauce. Selecting a suitable detection method for the total sugar content in soy sauce is of great significance for the actual soy sauce production monitoring and product quality control during processing, and also provides a certain experimental reference for the devee determination method standard for the total sugar content in soy sauce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the problem that the traditional meta-path random walk in heterogeneous network representation cannot accurately describe the heterogeneous network structure and cannot capture the true distribution of network nodes well, a heterogeneous network representation method based on variational inference and meta-path decomposition is proposed, which is named HetVAE. First, combining with the idea of path similarity, a node selection strategy is designed to improve the random walk of the meta-path. Next, the variational theory is introduced to effectively sample the latent variables in the original distribution. After that, a personalized attention machanism is implemented, which weights the node vector representation of different sub-networks obtained by decomposition. Then, these node vectors are fused by the proposed model, so that the final node vector representation can have richer semantic information. Finally, several experiments on different network tasks are performed on the three real data sets of DBLP, AMiner, and Yelp. The effectiveness of the model is verified by these results. In node classification and node clustering tasks, compared with some state-of-the-art algorithms, the Micro-F1 and normalized mutual information (NMI) increase by 1.12% to 4.36% and 1.35% to 18% respectively. It is proved that HetVAE can effectively capture the heterogeneous network structure and learn the node vetcor representation that conforms more with the true distribution.

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and low detection efficiency of high-resolution oil palm detection in deep learning, an effective and reliable solution is proposed from two aspects of algorithm optimization and heterogeneous hardware platform acceleration. Taking YOLOv3 object detection algorithm as an example, the optimization strategy of expanding feature selection and increasing multi-scale feature fusion is adopted to improve the detection accuracy of the algorithm for high-resolution oil palm. In addition, in the process of inference, plenty of applications require high performance models with strict power consumption limits. In order to solve this problem, taking the strategy of integer 8-bits quantitative weights and computational units reuse, this paper designs a high efficiency convolution computational engine based on SIMD. At the same time, through the strategy of the dimension change of the input image, vectorization, transmission to the input module in the form of written queue, this paper increases the efficiency of bus bandwidth greatly and accelerates the input module well. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the improved algorithm model is 97.84%, and a performance of 1.4 TOPS is obtained on the FPGA platform of Intel Arria 10. Compared with the i9-9980XE CPU, 7.51 times of the perform-ance and 33.02 times of energy efficiency are obtained. It is 1.2 times more efficient than Nvidia??s dedicated P40 accelerator.

Wheat leaves tend to fold or curl when exposure to stresses, the dehydration avoidance in morphology can reduce the damage of abiotic stress. At present, the physiological and genetic regulation mechanism associated with leaf curling is not clear in wheat. This study reported a novel rolled leaf mutant (RL1) from the ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis cultivar Jinmai 47. The leaves of the mutant RL1 were curled during the growth period, and the primary leaves were slightly curled along axial vein to paraxial plane. Leaf curling was accelerated with the growth until the leaf was tubular. Compared to wild type (WT), plant height, ear length, flag leaf narrowing, and 1000-grain weight were decreased in mutant RL1. Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining showed that seed vigor of RL1 was low, together with the decreased germination rate by 22%. Additionally, there was no significant differences in chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration between RL1 and WT, while water utilization rate was decreased in RL1 after heading for 10 days. Low temperature, high temperature, and drought led to the leaf rolling in RL1. RL1 showed fewer leaf/lobular veins via paraffin section assay, and the number of abaxial sclerenchyma and adaxial parenchyma cells were reduced in midrib region of RL1. Moreover, the area and counts of vesicular cells between the vascular bundles were significantly reduced in RL1, together with the vesicular cells at the midvein region of leaves compared with WT. Vesicular cells and vascular bundles shrunk and decreased, respectively, resulting in the situation that the entire blade was extremely crimped to the adaxial plane. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the mutant trait was localized on the short arm of chromosome 1D, regulated by a pair of nuclear genes with incomplete dominance and fine mapping analysis further locked the target interval at 9.42 Mb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the complex function method, an analytical method for solving the circular hydraulic tunnel with double lining is proposed. The established model is based on the interaction between the surrounding rock and the primary lining, the primary lining and the secondary lining (full contact), taking internal water pressure and the support delay into account. Based on the preset boundary conditions, the equations for solving the coefficients of the relevant analytic functions can be established, and then the obtained analytical function can be used, the stress components of any point in the surrounding rock, the primary lining and the secondary lining can be solved. By comparing the numerical solution, it is found that the analytical method proposed is correct and effective. At last, the parameters are analyzed from three aspects of controlling the water pressure in the hydraulic tunnel, exchanging the elastic modulus of linings and controlling the thickness of linings, and the factors and results affecting the stress distribution of lining are discussed. The load transfer mechanism and law of the double-lined hydraulic tunnel are revealed, which provides a theoretical basis for the preliminary design and construction of the lining protection project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex network theories may be a powerful tool in time series analysis. But when facing high frequency data, current method of building network is highly inefficient. Thus, this paper proposed a symbolic method for time series compression and built network. This method used least square to estimate the slope of each segments and then extracted local features from time series. Then it determined node's adjacency through a dictionary. Simulation studies show the scaling exponent, cluster coefficient of the network are highly correlated with Hurst exponent and can exactly capture complex properties of original series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaf and soil stoichiometric characteristics and their relationships of two ephemeral plants (Hypecoum erectum and Euphorbia turczaninowii) and two ephemeroid plants (Ferula meyeri and Astragalus flexus) were analyzed in extreme desert environment. There was no significant difference among each soil factor in different sampling plots of each species. Soil nitrogen (N) content (0.18-0.22 mg • g-1) was far lower than soil phosphorus (P) content (1.58-1.62 mg • g-1), and the N/P only ranged 0.12-0.15, indicating a serious lack of soil N. N, P and N/P all represented significant difference among the four species, in which A. flexus had the highest values with 57.36 mg • g-1, 2.46 mg • g-1 and 23.43, followed by H. erectum with 34.05 mg • g-1, 1.98 mg • g-1 and 17.56, the values for E. turczaninowii were 27.07 mg • g-1, 1.87 mg • g-1 and 14.51, and the values for F. meyeri were 28.63 mg • g-1, 2.20 mg • g-1 and 13.10, respectively. N and P contents showed significant correlation of each species, while most soil factors did not show significant correlation with leaf stoichiometric values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the pollution characteristics and sources of atmospheric VOCs in Zhengzhou City in the summer, multi-site offline sampling and laboratory analyses of atmospheric VOCs in Zhengzhou were carried out in August 2022. The observed and initial VOC volume fraction levels, OFP, SOAFP, and sources were compared. During the study period, the average values of three-site observation and initial φ （VOCs） during the study period were （31.83 ±13.51）×10 -9 and （35.92 ±15.30）×10 -9 ,respectively. Olefins （52.5 %） and aromatic hydrocarbons （29.7 %） were the components with a higher photochemical loss rate, and the spatial variations of the observed TVOCs concentration at each site were： Zhengzhou University （ZZU） &gt; Gangli Reservoir （GLR） &gt; Jingkaiqu （JKQ）, and the concentrations of alkanes and OVOCs at each site were higher. Olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons were the components that contributed greatly to the formation of O 3 and SOA. Motor vehicle sources, solvent-use sources, and industrial sources were the main contributing sources of atmospheric VOCs in Zhengzhou. Compared with the source analysis results based on the initial concentration, the contribution rates of motor vehicle sources, industrial sources, and solvent use sources were relatively high, and the contribution rates of combustion sources, plant sources, and oil and gas volatilization sources were relatively low.

The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan （APPCAP） was promulgated in China in 2013. To explore the effectiveness of APPCAP on PM 2.5 in winter in Zhengzhou, PM 2.5 samples were collected in Zhengzhou Monitoring Center during December 2013 and December 2018. The chemical composition of PM 2.5 was analyzed, including EC, OC, water soluble ions, and metal elements. Pollution episodes under different stages were selected to investigate the changes in PM 2.5 concentration and composition. The results showed that： ① The average concentration of PM 2.5 in winter in Zhengzhou decreased from （215.38 ±107.28） μg·m -3 in 2013 to （77.45 ±49.81） μg·m -3 in 2018, with a decrease rate of 64%. ② The concentrations of EC, K + , SO 4 2- , and Cl - decreased by 85%, 80%, 78%, and 72%, respectively, and the decrease rate in OC, NH 4 + , and NO 3 - was 50%, 41%, and 32%, respectively. ③ Compared with those in winter of 2013, the ratios of OC/EC in winter of 2018 increased by 2.6 times, and the proportion of secondary organic carbon in OC increased to 57%； meanwhile, values of sulfur oxidation rate and nitrogen oxidation rate increased by 1.5 and 1.0 times, respectively, indicating heavy secondary pollution in Zhengzhou. ④ The mass ratios of NO 3 - /SO 4 2- increased from 0.8 ±0.2 in 2013 to 2.5 ±1.0 in 2018, indicating that the contribution of mobile sources increased and surpassed fixed sources as the main source in Zhengzhou. ⑤The comparison results of different stages of the heavy pollution process showed that ρ （PM 2.5 ） decreased significantly in 2018 compared with that in 2013, with the peak concentration decreasing by 61%. The main chemical composition changed from OC, NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , and NH 4 + to OC, NO 3 - , and NH 4 + . The results indicated that the primary emission source control in Zhengzhou had achieved remarkable effects, but the contribution of secondary generation to PM 2.5 showed an elevated trend； thus, the influence of secondary generation requires further attention in the future.

Nitrate (NO 3 - ), sulfate (SO 4 2- ), and ammonium (NH 4 + ) are important components of PM 2.5 , and studying their characteristics and influencing factors is essential for the continuous improvement of air quality. A series of online instruments were used to analyze the chemical components of PM 2.5 in Zhengzhou in the summer of 2020. The results showed that the average ρ (PM 2.5 ) was (28 ±13) μg·m -3 , showing a daily variation characteristic of high at night and low during the day. The main concentrations of NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , and NH 4 + were (7.8 ±6.7), (7.2 ±3.7), and (5.5 ±3.1) μg·m -3 , accounting for 22%, 21%, and 16% in PM 2.5 , respectively. The proportions of NO 3 - (27%) and SO 4 2- (23%) in PM 2.5 , respectively, increased with the increase in PM 2.5 and O 3 concentration. In addition, the proportions of NO 3 - and NH 4 + increased under low wind speed, high humidity, low temperature, and rainfall conditions. Moreover, the proportion of NO 3 - showed a daily variation characteristic of high at night and low during the day, whereas the opposite was true for SO 4 2- . The gas-particle partitioning process of NH 4 NO 3 was the main factor affecting the concentrations of NO 3 - and NH 4 + in PM 2.5 . Low temperature, high humidity, and high aerosol water content concentrations favored the partitioning of HNO 3 and NH 3 to the particulate phase. High pH also favored the partitioning of gas-phase HNO 3 to NO 3 - ; however, it was not conducive to the partition of NH 3 to NH 4 + . These trends partially explained the increase in the concentration and proportion of NO 3 - in PM 2.5 under different scenarios.

Ajania belonging to the subtribe Artemisiinae of Anthemideae(Asteraceae) is a genus of semi-shrubs closely related to Chrysanthemum. There are 24 species of Ajania in northwestern China, most of which are folk herbal medicines with strong stress tolerance. Modern medical studies have demonstrated that the chemical constituents of Ajania mainly include terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkynes, and essential oils. These compounds endow the plants with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimalarial, antioxidant, and insecticide effects. In this study, we reviewed the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ajania, aiming to provide reference for the further research and development of Ajania.

Objective: To explore treatment strategy for complex Schatzker Ⅳ tibial plateau fracture., Methods: Forty-one patients with complex Schatzker type Ⅳ tibial plateau fractures were treated from January 2016 to January 2021, including 28 males and 13 females, aged from 19 to 65 years old with an average of (35.3±19.8) years old. Individualized treatment plan was developed according to preoperative imaging characteristics, medial surgical approach was mainly combined with other auxiliary incisions. Posteromedial inverted L approach was used in 18 patients, posteromedial approach and anterolateral extended approach in 19 patients, and posteromedial approach with anterolateral and lateral condylar osteotomy in 4 patients. Articular surface and facture healing were observed, range of knee joint motion was measured at 12 months after opertaion, and function of knee joint was evaluated by Lysholm scoring system., Results: Forty-one patients were followed up for 12 to 26 months with an average of (13.3±6.8) months. Twenty-nine patients and 10 patients were obtained complete fracture healing at 6 and 12 months after operation respectively, and fracture healing time was 4 to 13 months with an average of (5.0±3.7) months. Two patients occurred posterior medial internal fixation failure and varus deformity of knee joint, and the fracture healed and varus deformity was corrected after the second operation. Range of knee joint motion was (118±29) °, and Lysholm score was(83.0±16.0) points., Conclusion: Individualized treatment should be reasonably selected for complex Schatzker Ⅳ tibial plateau fractures, the characteristics of lateral plateau fractures are an important reference for selecting surgical approaches, the effective fixation of posteromedial bone blocks should be pay full attention, and the overall treatment results are satisfied.

In recent years, complex air pollution with the characteristic pollutant of PM 2.5 has remained serious in China. Long term exposure to PM 2.5 might harm residential health and can increase premature death from specific diseases. The annual average concentration of PM 2.5 in Zhengzhou was much higher than the national secondary standard, which has an extremely negative impact on the health of residents. Based on the high spatial resolution grids of population density established through web-crawling and outdoor monitoring concentrations and urban residential emissions used to evaluate PM 2.5 exposure concentration, the exposure concentration of PM 2.5 for urban residents of Zhengzhou was assessed, considering both indoor and outdoor exposures. Relevant health risks were quantified with the integrated exposure-response model. Finally, the contributions of various reducing measures and different standards of air quality to the decreases in PM 2.5 exposure concentration were analyzed. The results showed that in 2017 and 2019, the time weighted exposure concentrations of PM 2.5 for Zhengzhou's urban residents were 74.06 μg·m -3 and 60.64 μg·m -3 , respectively, which was decreased by 18.12%. In addition, the mass fractions of the indoor exposure concentrations in the time weighted exposure concentrations were 83.58% and 83.01%, and its contribution to the drop of the time weighted exposure concentrations was 84.06%. In 2017 and 2019, the numbers of premature deaths attributed to PM 2.5 exposures for urban residents of Zhengzhou over the age of 25 were 13285 and 10323, respectively, showing a 22.30% decrease. By using these comprehensive measures, PM 2.5 exposure concentration for Zhengzhou's urban residents could be reduced by 86.23% at most, and 8902 premature deaths could be avoided.

Objective: To compare the effect of acupuncture at Huiyin (CV 1) and oral administration of western medication in treatment of chronic severe functional constipation (CSFC)., Methods: A total of 64 patients with CSFC were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (32 cases, 5 cases dropped off) and a western medication group (32 cases, 4 cases dropped off). Both groups were given routine basic treatment. The acupuncture group was treated by directly puncture of 20-30 mm at Huiyin (CV 1), once a day for the first 4 weeks, 5 times a week, once every other day for the next 4 weeks, 3 times a week, totally for 8 weeks. The western medication group was treated with 2 mg prucalopride succinate tablets orally before breakfast every day for 8 weeks. The average number of weekly spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) of the two groups were observed before treatment and 1-8 weeks into treatment. The constipation symptom score before and after treatment, and in follow-up of 1 month after treatment, as well as quality of life [patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire (PAC-QOL) score and the proportion of patients of PAC-QOL score difference before and after treatment≥1] before and after treatment were compared in the two groups. The clinical effects of the two groups were evaluated after treatment and in follow-up., Results: Compared before treatment, the average number of weekly SBM in the two groups was increased 1-8 weeks into treatment ( P <0.05). The average number of weekly SBM in the acupuncture group was less than that in the western medication group 1 week into treatment ( P <0.05), and the average number of weekly SBM in the observation group was more than that in the western medication group 4-8 weeks into treatment ( P <0.05). The scores of constipation symptom after treatment and in follow-up and scores of PAC-QOL after-treatment in the two groups were lower than those before treatment ( P <0.05), and those in the acupuncture group were lower than the western medication group ( P <0.05). The proportion of patients of PAC-QOL score difference before and after treatment≥1 in the acupuncture group was higher than that in the west medication group ( P <0.05). The total effective rates after treatment and in follow-up in the acupuncture group were 81.5% (22/27) and 78.3% (18/23), respectively, which were better than 42.9% (12/28) and 43.5% (10/23) in the western medication group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Acupuncture at Huiyin (CV 1) can effectively increase the number of spontaneous defecation in patients with CSFC, reduce constipation symptoms, improve the quality of life, and the effect after treatment and in follow-up is better than oral western medication.

To examine the effects of extreme drought event and extreme precipitation event on productivity of ephemeral plant, we experimentally reduced and increased growing season precipitation amounts by 65% across four slope positions and aspects along sand dunes in the southern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert. The results showed that extreme drought significantly reduced aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) by 48.8% and 13.7%, respectively, and that extreme precipitation significantly increased ANPP and BNPP by 37.9% and 23.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of ANPP (0.26 and 0.21 g·m -2 ·mm -1 ) to extreme drought and extreme precipitation was significantly higher than that of BNPP (0.02 and 0.03 g·m -2 ·mm -1 ). In addition, ANPP (24.22 g·m -2 ) and BNPP (5.77 g·m -2 ) on the east side of sand dune were significantly increased by 29.7% and 71.7% compared with those on the west side. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of ANPP and BNPP to precipitation change among different slope positions and aspects.

As a type of emerging pollutant of concern, organophosphate esters (OPEs) have posed a moderate risk to the remote Antarctic waters. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a common type of OPEs in water, which has been proven to have toxic effects, bioaccumulation, and amplification effects and pose a great threat to the environment and human health. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to investigate the degradation process of TPHP in three advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs), including ultraviolet-hydrogen peroxide (UV-H 2 O 2 ), ultraviolet-titanium dioxide (UV-TiO 2 ), and ultraviolet-persulfate (UV-PS) systems. This was the first instance of using FT-IR for the online observation of the change in infrared characteristic peaks in the degradation process of TPHP, and its degradation reaction kinetics, photodegradation products, and degradation pathways were analyzed. The results showed that TPHP could be effectively degraded under UV-H 2 O 2 , UV-TiO 2 , and UV-PS systems, and the photodegradation half-lives were 74, 150, and 89 min, respectively. The UV-H 2 O 2 system had the best degradation effect on TPHP. Additionally, the degradation reactions of TPHP in three systems conformed to the first-order kinetics. When the concentration of H 2 O 2 was 0-0.097 mol·L -1 , the increase in H 2 O 2 concentration promoted the degradation of TPHP, and when the concentration of TiO 2 was 0-0.013 mol·L -1 , the increase in TiO 2 concentration promoted the degradation of TPHP. The photodegradation pathway of TPHP mainly included the P-O-C bond breaking, the C-H bond cleavage of the benzene ring structure and the hydrolysis reaction of TPHP. The UV-H 2 O 2 system was used to degrade OPEs in the environmental water of Chengdu, and it was found that the removal rate of TPHP was 66% when the water samples of the park landscape water were degraded for 60 min.

The study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanism of tectorigenin derivative(SGY) against herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ(HSV-1) by in vitro experiments. The cytotoxicity of SGY and positive drug acyclovir(ACV) on African green monkey kidney(Vero) cells and mouse microglia(BV-2) cells was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method, and the maximum non-toxic concentration and median toxic concentration(TC&#95;(50)) of the drugs were calculated. After Vero cells were infected with HSV-1, the virulence was determined by cytopathologic effects(CPE) to calculate viral titers. The inhibitory effect of the tested drugs on HSV-1-induced cytopathy in Vero cells was measured, and their modes of action were initially explored by virus adsorption, replication and inactivation. The effects of the drugs on viral load of BV-2 cells 24 h after HSV-1 infection and the Toll-like receptor(TLR) mRNA expression were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). The maximum non-toxic concentrations of SGY against Vero and BV-2 cells were 382.804 μg·mL~(-1) and 251.78 μg·mL~(-1), respectively, and TC&#95;(50) was 1 749.98 μg·mL~(-1) and 2 977.50 μg·mL~(-1), respectively. In Vero cell model, the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC&#95;(50)) of SGY against HSV-1 was 54.49 μg·mL~(-1), and the selection index(SI) was 32.12, with the mode of action of significantly inhibiting replication and directly inactivating HSV-1. RT-qPCR results showed that SGY markedly reduced the viral load in cells. The virus model group had significantly increased relative expression of TLR2, TLR3 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3(TRAF3) and reduced relative expression of TLR9 as compared with normal group, and after SGY intervention, the expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TRAF3 was decreased to different degrees and that of TLR9 was enhanced. The expression of inflammatory factors inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) was remarkably increased in virus model group as compared with that in normal group, and the levels of these inflammatory factors dropped after SGY intervention. In conclusion, SGY significantly inhibited and directly inactivated HSV-1 in vitro. In addition, it modulated the expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR9 related pathways, and suppressed the increase of inflammatory factor levels.

This study aims to explore the protective effect of Forsythiae Fructus extract(FFE) against herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSE) in mice. To be specific, life extension rate of mice, viral load in mouse brain, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interferon-α(IFN-α), and nitric oxide(NO) content in mouse brain were determined. Mice were classified into normal group, model group, acyclovir(ACV) group, and high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose(100, 50, 25 mg·kg~(-1), respectively) FFE groups. HSE was induced in mice in corresponding groups. Then, the life extension rate was compared among groups. Viral load in brain was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, the changes of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-α in brain by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), NO content in brain with nitrate reduction method, and pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The result showed that the life extension rate in the high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose FFE groups was 27.93%, 19.94%, and 10.66%, respectively, and the difference between the high-dose group and the model group was statistically significant(P&lt;0.05). FFE decreased the viral load in brains of HSE mice. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-α in ACV group and high-dose and medium-dose FFE groups were lower than those in the model group(P&lt;0.01,P&lt;0.05), and NO content in the three FFE groups was lower than that in the model group(P&lt;0.01). In conclusion, FFE can improve the survival rate of HSE mice, reduce the load of herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ(HSV-1) in the brains of HSE mice, decrease the levels of inflammatory factors and NO content, and alleviate inflammation and pathological damage, thereby protecting the central nervous system.

Objectives: To study the annual variation of diatoms in Zhangweixin River, to provide theoretical support by using diatom examination to estimate the time and place of the corpse entering water, and to establish a diatom database., Methods: Samples were taken from 4 sampling sites in Decheng section of Zhangweixin River for 12 consecutive months. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis was performed on the species and content of diatom samples. Based on the sampling site of Tianqu Road, Sprensen similarity coefficient analysis was conducted with the data of other 3 sites in Decheng section and Leling section of Zhangweixin River and Ningjin section in previous studies., Results: The number of diatom species was positively correlated with diatom content. The average diatom content in different months ranged from 1 054 to 13 041/10 mL, and the species composition ranged from 8 to 16, with differences in dominant species. The similarity coefficient of diatom species within 2 km were all higher than 0.956 52, which could not be distinguished effectively. The similarity coefficients of Leling section and Ningjin section were 0.736 84 and 0.588 24 respectively, which could be effectively distinguished., Conclusions: The species and content of diatom vary in different months in Zhangweixin River, and the composition of diatom species is different in different basins, which can provide reference for estimating the time and place of the corpse entering water in the river.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of lumbar hyperextension MRI, through studying the changes of spinal stenosis degree in lumbar hyperextension position., Methods: From September 2018 to February 2020, 26 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis did lumbar spine neutral and hyperextension MRI scans. There were 11 males and 15 females, aged from 43 to 85 (64.00±10.37) years. As 6 patients induced and aggravated the symptoms of low back and leg pain in the hyperextension position, qualified MRI data could not be collected. Because of that, a total of 20 patients' qualified data were collected. Mimics Medical 21.0 medical image processing software was used to measure the relevant diagnostic parameters of lumbar spinal stenosis, analyze the change rules statistically, and evaluate the degree of lumbar spinal stenosis and changes in nerve compression in the hyperextension position., Results: The sagittal diameter and cross sectional area of the lumbar spinal bony canal do not change significantly with the body position;the sagittal diameter of the dural sac, the sagittal diameter of the dural sac, and the disc yellow space all have different degrees of decline in the hyperextension position., Conclusion: For the imaging diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spine hyperextension position MRI can be a good complement for the routine neutral MRI examination, and it is more sensitive to the clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis.

In this study, soil samples were collected from the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in December 2019. The level and distribution characteristics of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in seasonal frozen soil were analyzed, and their sources were discussed. The results showed that the target analytes including tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP), and tris-(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) were detected with 100% frequency. Levels of Σ 7 OPEs in topsoil (0-10 cm) and sub topsoil (10-20 cm) were 146.7-348.7 ng·g -1 (mean:231.1 ng·g -1 ) and 206.5-333.2 ng·g -1 (mean:260.2 ng·g -1 ), respectively. The Σ 7 OPEs content level is comparable to that of urban soil,which is worthy of attention. TBEP and TDCPP were the most abundant compounds in the plateau soil. Point source emissions have significant influence on the spatial distribution of OPEs, and regional deposition of OPEs contributes to all sampling sites. The migration ability of different OPE compounds in soil was different. Stronger migration ability was observed for aromatic OPEs (TPhP) than chlorinated OPEs. Principal component analysis showed that the main sources of OPEs in plateau soil were atmospheric wet and dry deposition, manufactured consumer materials, and the release of OPEs from automobile interior decoration.

To study the spatiotemporal variations in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and the impact of air quality management in autumn and winter in Zhengzhou, five sites were selected to collect PM 2.5 samples from the autumn of 2017 to the winter of 2018, and the characteristics of the chemical components were analyzed. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was also applied to identify the sources of PM 2.5 , and the effect of air quality control was evaluated to provide support for air quality control in autumn and winter in the next stage. The PM 2.5 concentrations in the four seasons in Zhengzhou were ranked as winter > autumn > spring > summer. The PM 2.5 concentration at Zhengzhou University (ZZU) was the highest (8.7% higher than the average concentration), and the PM 2.5 concentrations at the other sites were slightly lower than the average concentration. The concentration of water-soluble ions (WSIs) was low in spring and summer and high in autumn and winter. The average proportions of SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and NH 4 + in the nine WSIs were as high as 22.5%, 43.6%, and 23.4%, respectively. The proportion of Cl - in winter was higher than that in the other seasons owing to coal combustion (6.7% and 6.6% in 2017 and 2018, respectively). Owing to wind and sand, the proportions of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in spring were the highest (4.4% and 0.4%, respectively), and those at the Jiancezhan (JCZ) and ZZU sites were higher than those at the other sites. K + , as a marker of biomass burning, had a higher proportion in spring, autumn, and winter. The proportion of K + in the spring of 2018 was 1.9%, those in the autumn and winter of 2017 were 1.6% and 2.1%, respectively, and those in the autumn and winter of 2018 were 1.3% and 1.8%, respectively. JCZ, Hangkonggang (HKG), and Xinmi (XM) had higher proportions of NO 3 - , and the proportions of SO 4 2- were lower. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) pollution was serious in autumn and winter, and the concentration accounted for more than half of the organic carbon (OC). In 2018, the SOC/OC at the JCZ and ZZU sites decreased compared with that in 2017, but that at the other three sites increased significantly, thereby indicating that different air pollutant emissions in these regions had different performances in response to control policies. The chemical composition reconstruction results showed that the proportion of sulfate was highest in summer (25.0%), the contribution of nitrate was higher in autumn (23.1% and 25.1% for 2017 and 2018, respectively) and winter (20.6% and 23.0% for 2017 and 2018, respectively), the proportion of crustal material was higher in spring (18.2%), and the contribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was the highest in winter (14.1% and 20.5% for 2017 and 2018, respectively). SOA had higher contributions at the JCZ and HKG sites (16.9% and 16.4%, respectively), and ZZU was affected more by primary organic aerosol (14.3%) and crustal materials (12.1%). The PMF results showed that secondary inorganic salts (37.5%), SOA (15.4%), traffic (14.9%), industry (4.8%), coal combustion (16.0%), fugitive dust (6.5%), and biomass burning (2.8%) were the main pollution sources of PM 2.5 in Zhengzhou. SOA and coal combustion contributed more in winter and fugitive dust contributed more in spring, followed by autumn. Biomass burning contributed more in spring and autumn. The urban sites JCZ and ZZU and the characteristic site HKG near the airport were more affected by traffic sources (16.9%, 16.2%, and 16.0%, respectively) than the other sites. The impact of biomass burning on the non-urban sites XM and HKG was slightly larger (both 2.7%), and the contribution of coal combustion to the suburban site XM was higher (16.8%). Owing to the construction around ZZU, the loading of fugitive dust at ZZU was higher than that at other sites. Comparing the results of the two-year autumn and winter, the contribution of SOA, traffic, and industry increased in the autumn and winter of 2018, whereas the contribution of secondary inorganic salts, coal combustion, and biomass burning decreased and the contribution of fugitive dust in winter also decreased. The results showed that the control strategies in autumn and winter had significant effects on the primary sources, including fugitive dust, coal combustion, and industry, and SOA precursor volatile organic compounds should be targeted for further pollution control.

Based on online monitoring data of air quality and meteorological parameters, the long-term variations, spatial differences, and meteorological influencing factors of ground-level ozone (O 3 ) pollution in Zhengzhou were studied. In addition, the transport pathways and potential source regions of O 3 were investigated. The results show that surface O 3 concentrations at the city station in Zhengzhou City increased significantly during the period 2014-2018 ( P <0.05) with a growth rate of 15.50 μg·(m 3 ·a) -1 , and the timespan of exceeding pollutant standards was extended. The monthly O 3 variations showed an "M" pattern with the seasonal maximum in summer. The diurnal O 3 variations showed a "single-peak" pattern with a diurnal concentrations peak at 15:00-16:00, while the diurnal peak at the rural station was relatively high (130.94 μg·m -3 ). At the urban station, the exceedance probability of O 3 concentrations was relative high when hourly temperature ( T ) exceeded 23℃, relative humidity (RH) was less than 65%, wind speed (WS) ranged 2.0-4.0 m·s -1 , and wind direction was southeast or northeast. Based on the multivariate linear fitting of impact factors on O 3 , the main controlling factors at the city and industrial sites were also identified as T and RH compared to T and WS at the traffic and suburb sites. Back trajectory analysis and potential sources of O 3 during different seasons were significantly different, with the dominant transport trajectories during spring and summer being short-distance and slow-moving airflows from the south and northeast; autumn and winter were characterized by long-distance and quick-moving airflows from the northwest. The high O 3 concentrations observed in summer were mainly affected by local photochemical formation and regional transport from Hebei, Shandong, and Anhui Provinces.

To reveal mechanisms underlying the dieback of Malus sieversii in degraded wild fruit forest in Ili valley of China, we compared the differences in stem hydraulic architecture, water transport effectiveness and safety, as well as their influencing factors among three growth classes of dead branches ratios, including Class Ⅰ (<20%), Class Ⅱ (40%-60%) and Class Ⅲ (>80%), respectively. With the increases in degradation degree of Xinjiang wild fruit forest, sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity and leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity decreased, without significant differences among the three growth classes. Branch embolism at dusk and hydraulic safety significantly increased. The xylem water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity was -1.87, -1.35 and -0.53 MPa for Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. Predawn and midday leaf water potential and the hydraulic safety margin exhibited an order of Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ. Xylem anatomical cha-racteristics and branch and leaf traits related to hydraulics were significantly different among the three growth classes. Results from correlation analysis revealed a weak tradeoff between xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency and xylem safety of M. sieversii . Stem hydraulic architecture of M. sieversii altered with the decline of Xinjiang wild apple forest. With increasing degrees of degradation, the severity of xylem embolisms aggravated, resistance to cavitation embolisms reduced, and the risk of water imbalance increased.

To evaluate the effect of the implementation of emission reduction measures and the improvement in air quality during the National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities in Zhengzhou, a series of online instruments were used to continuously observe air pollutants and components of PM 2.5 from August 5 to September 30, 2019. Three cases, including before emission reduction (August 5-24), during emission reduction (August 25 to September 18), and after emission reduction (September 19-30), were classified by the implementation of control measures. The results show that the growing concentration of PM 2.5 after the cancellation of emission abatement measures (11.7 μg·m -3 ) was greater than that during the emission reduction (2.3 μg·m -3 ) compared to the PM 2.5 concentration before emission reduction. This thus indicates that the control measures have a significant effect on reducing particulate matter. The main components of PM 2.5 were organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, and crustal elements. Compared to the proportion of components in PM 2.5 before and during the control periods, organic matter and nitrate increased by 3.9% and 0.9%, respectively, while sulfate, ammonium, and crustal elements decreased by 1.1%, 1.9%, and 2.2%, respectively. The results of source appointment by positive matrix factorization show that secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, secondary organic aerosols, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, dust, and coal combustion are the main sources of PM 2.5 . Emission abatement measures reduced the contributions of primary sources such as dust, coal combustion, and industry by 8.3%, 8.2%, and 8.1%, respectively. In contrast, the contributions of secondary organic and nitrate aerosols increased during the control periods, which suggested that the control measures implemented in Zhengzhou had a weaker emission reduction effect on nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds than on primary sources of PM 2.5 .

Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) samples were collected at five sites in Zhengzhou during the spring of 2018. VOCs concentrations, the ozone formation potential (OFP), the aerosol formation potential (AFP), and source apportionment using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were studied based on chemical composition analysis. The results showed that the averaged concentration of VOCs in Zhengzhou during spring was (30.66±13.60)×10 -9 , of which the proportion of alkanes was the highest (35.3%) followed by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, 25.3%), halocarbons (24.1%), aromatics (10.0%), and alkenes (5.2%). The total OFP was 195.53 μg·m -3 and the contributions of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, halocarbons, and OVOCs were 25.6%, 17.8%, 38.9%, 5.8%, and 11.9%, respectively. The total AFP was 0.95 μg·m -3 with an 87.6% contribution from aromatics and 12.4% from alkanes. The correlation between major species showed that pentane, isopentane, benzene, and toluene in Qinlinglu (QLL) site and Jingkaiqu (JKQ) site were greatly influenced by motor vehicles, but these were mainly influenced by combustion sources in Zhengzhou University (ZZU) site. The five factors that were identified by the PMF model were vehicle and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) volatilization source (30.5%), solvent coating source (27.3%), industrial process source (22.1%), aging air mass (14.4%), and biogenic source (5.7%).

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effect between acupuncture and hyaluronic acid sodium eye drops for dry eye syndrome., Methods: A total of 60 patients with dry eye were randomized into an acupuncture group and a western medication group, 30 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, acupoints around the eyes, abdomen and limbs were selected, such as Jingming (BL 1), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Fengchi (GB 20), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6) and Hegu (LI 4), once 2 days for 1 month, 15 times in total. In the western medication group, hyaluronic acid sodium eye drops was applied, 3 times a day, one drop every time, for 1 month. The tear meniscus height (TMH), tear break-up time (BUT) and conjunctival congestion scores were observed before and after treatment in the two groups, and the clinical effects of the two groups were compared., Results: The total effective rate in the acupuncture group was 68.3% (41/60), which was superior to 30.0% (18/60) in the western medication group ( P <0.05). Compared before treatment, the TMH was increased, BUT was prolonged and conjunctival congestion score was reduced after treatment in the acupuncture group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). After treatment, the TMH and BUT in the acupuncture group were higher ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and the conjunctival congestion score was lower than those in the western medication group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of acupuncture is superior to hyaluronic acid sodium eye drops. Acupuncture can promote lacrimal gland secretion and increase the tear film stability.

Objective To observe the imaging features of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)in eyes with wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD)after treatment with 3+pro re nata(3+PRN)of intravitreal anti-Ranibizumab.Methods This study included 8 treatment-naive eyes with wAMD diagnosed by fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA)and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)from September 2016 to May 2017.All the patients were treated with 3+PRN of intravitreal anti-Ranibizumab(0.5 mg/0.05 ml).We performed OCTA with 6 mm×6 mm scans at baseline and 1,3,and 6 months after treatment.We analyzed best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)(logMAR),type of choroidal neovascular(CNV),and morphological features and changes of CNV,central retinal thickness(CRT),outer retina vessel density(ORVD),and choroidal capillary vessel density(CCVD).Results A total of 8 eyes were examined in 8 patients[4 males and 4 females with a mean age of(70.9±10.6)years of age].Three eyes had type Ⅰ CNV and 5 eyes had type Ⅱ CNV.At baseline,month 1,month 3,and month 6,BCVA was 0.55(0.33,0.87),0.35(0.24,0.84),0.35(0.22,0.58),and 0.26(0.10,0.58)logMAR,respectively(all P >0.05).CRT was(271.88±91.95),(204.00±45.78),(196.00±31.14),and(219.25±71.32)μm,respectively,and there was a statistical significance between CRT at baseline and CRT at month 3( t =2.211, P =0.044).ORVD was(41.38±2.77)%,(41.73±3.60)%,(42.53±1.95)%,and(41.40±2.33)%,respectively(all P >0.05).CCVD was(64.38±2.24)%,(64.96±1.39)%,(64.16±1.39)%,and(64.63±1.86)%,respectively(all P >0.05).Correlation analysis showed BCVA was significantly correlated with both CRT( P =0.009, RR =0.457)and CCVD( P =0.001, RR =0.574),but not with ORVD( P =0.093, RR =0.302).The morphological features at baseline showed that 2 eyes were lump-like,2 eyes were line-like,2 eyes were tangles,1 eye was elliptical ring-like,and 1 eye was fragment.At month 1,the morphologies were improved in 7 eyes,including the CNV showed decreased maximum diameter,rupture/fragment,loss of peripheral capillaries,decreased numbers and density,and reduced maximum cross-sectional area;the condition became worse in 1 eye,including the CNV showed ring formation,increased density,and increased maximum diameter.At month 3,the morphologied of 7 eyes were improved,while no obvious change was seen in 1 eye.At month 6,the CNV became normalized in 5 eyes but worsened in 3 eyes.No intraocular infection or other intravitreal injection-related complication was observed during the follow-up.Conclusion Observing CNV characteristics using OCTA technology can be used to evaluate the efficacy of Ranibizumab in patients with wAMD and guide the treatment and follow-up of wAMD patients.

To study the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and the factors controlling the alluvial-proluvial fan of the Qinhe River, 60 samples were collected including 9 surface water samples and 51 groundwater samples. The distribution characteristics of the hydrochemistry and major controlling factors of hydrochemical evolution processes of surface water and groundwater in the study area were analyzed by using mathematical statistics, the Schakerev classification, Piper diagrams, Schoeller diagrams, Gibbs plots, and ion ratios. The results show that:① the major anions and cations of surface water and groundwater in the study area are Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , SO 4 2- , and HCO 3 - . The recharge sources of surface water and groundwater are closely related; ② the major hydrochemical types of the groundwater are HCO 3 -Ca, HCO 3 -Ca·Mg, and HCO 3 ·SO 4 -Ca·Mg, while the major hydrochemical type of surface water is HCO 3 ·SO 4 -Ca·Mg; and ③ the major ions of surface water and groundwater are affected by carbonate mineral weathering and dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation. Sulfuric acid and carbonic acid were involved in carbonate mineral weathering and dissolution.

Insects have evolved a strong innate immune system to defense pathogens and adverse conditions. Insect innate immune system comprises of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Humoral immunity mainly includes three signaling pathways, i.e., Toll, IMD and JAK/STAT, by which signal transduction and immune pathways regulate expression of immune-related genes and activate antimicrobial peptides and other effectors. Cellular immunity contains phagocytosis, encapsulation and nodulation of pathogens, which is mediated by hemolymph cells. In recent years, with the rapid development of insect genomics, a large number of immune-related genes have been characterized from insect genome data using bioinformatic methods. Studies on these genes have significantly deepened the understanding of molecular mechanisms of insect innate immune system. Insect immune-related genes can be divided into seven categories by gene functions: recognition, signaling transduction, modulator, effectors, melanization, RNA interference and other genes. The humoral immunity and cellular immunity are regulated by the interactions among these immune-related genes. In this review, we summarize the classification, function and evolution of insect immune-related genes, and propose future research directions of insect innate immunity, which will be helpful for understanding molecular mechanisms of insect innate immune system and developing new strategies for controlling pest insects.

To study the effect of microgravity on peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) in rats, tail-suspended rats were applied to simulate microgravity environment. SpO 2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) were measured by pulse oximeter and arterial blood gas analyzer (ABGA) respectively on the 14th day, 21st day and 28th day in tail-suspended group and control group. Paired t -test shows that SpO 2 was significantly lower than SaO 2 in tail-suspended group on the 14th day ( P < 0.05), the 21st day ( P < 0.05) and the 28th day ( P < 0.01). The ANOVA results shows that modeling time had significant effect on SpO 2 value but no effect on SaO 2 value in tail-suspended group. These results indicate that pulse oximeter may be not suitable for oxygen saturation test in microgravity environment.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSCs)., Methods: The surface factor of isolated PDLSCs was detected by flow cytometry. After transfected with miR-125b or anti-miR125b in PDLSCs, MTT and LDH were used to detect cell viability and cytotoxicity; ALP activity and calcium level were detected by ALP assay kit and calcium colorimetric assay kit. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to determine the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The interaction between miR-125b and connexin 43 (Cx43) was detected by dual luciferase gene reporter assay. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software., Results: The cultured PDLSCs showed the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. After transfected with miR-125b in PDLSCs, the cell viability was decreased, cytotoxicity was increased; ALP activity, calcium level and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes were significantly decreased. On the contrary, cell viability, ALP activity, calcium level and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in PDLSCs were increased after anti-miR-125b transfection. Dual luciferase gene reporter assay showed that miR-125b could target Cx43. In addition, the effect of miR-125b on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was reversed after Cx43 overexpression., Conclusions: miR-125b may inhibit osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by targeting Cx43.

Purpose: To study the effect of ribosomal S6 kinase (Rsk2) gene on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and underlying mechanism., Methods: Premolar surgically extracted were collected, the periodontal ligament was separated and hPDLCs were primarily cultured. Cells of 4 to 6 passage were used in the experiment. The silencing efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on Rsk2 in hPDLCs was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of Rsk2 siRNA on cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit was used to detect ALP activity. P38MAPK signal pathway inhibitor SB203580 was used to detect hPDLCs after transfection. Western blot was used to detect the effect of Rsk2 siRNA on MAPK signaling pathway p38 protein phosphorylation. The expressions of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteogenic protein BMP2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The data were analyzed using SPSS18.0 software package., Results: The expression of Rsk2 was down-regulated by hPDLCs transfected with Rsk2 siRNA, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Rsk2 siRNA significantly reduced phosphorylation of p38 protein (P<0.05), inhibition of hPDLCs proliferation (P<0.05), decreased ALP activity (P<0.01); the expression of Runx2, OCN and BMP2 was different, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After SB203580 treatment, hPDLCs transfected with Rsk2 siRNA showed increased cell proliferation, ALP activity, Runx2, OCN and BMP2 expression; compared with Rsk2 siRNA transfected hPDLCs, the difference was statistically significant., Conclusions: Rsk2 siRNA inhibits hPDLCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation through p38MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the effect of arsenic trioxide combined with itraconazole on proliferation and apoptosis of KG1a cells and its potential mechanism., Methods: The cell morphology was observed with Wrighe-Giemsa staining; cell survival rate was examined by CCK-8; and colony formation capacity was measured by methylcellulose colony formation test; the flow cytometry was used to analyse the cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle; the protein expressions of BCL-2,caspase-3,BAX,SMO,Gli1 and Gli2 were detected by Western-blot., Results: The arsenic trioxide and itraconazole alone both could inhibit the KG1a cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manner. In comparison between single and combined drug-treatment group, both the cell survival rate and the colony number of the single drug-treatment group were significantly lower(P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate was higher in the combined drug-treatment group. In the combined-treatment group, the protein expression of Caspase-3 and BAX was upregulated, while the protein expression of BCL-2,SMO,Gli1 and Gli2 was downregulated., Conclusion: Arsenic trioxide combined with itraconazole can inhibit the KG1a cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be related with the inhibition of Hh signaling pathway and upregulation of both Caspase-3 and BAX protein expression, and provided experimental data of arsenic trioxide combined with itraconazole for the treatment of refractory AML.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with pre-diabetes., Methods: This study included 500 men with impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG), 500 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and another 500 with normal blood glucose (NBG), all from Lanzhou. We conducted a questionnaire investigation among the subjects using the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction 5 (IIEF-5)., Results: The prevalence rates of ED in the IFG, IGT, and NBG groups were 14.8%, 29.2%, and 33.2%, respectively. After controlling for age, nationality, occupation, education, income, obesity, and blood pressure, the incidence rate was markedly higher in the IFG and IGT than in the NBG group (29.2% and 33.2% vs 14.8%, P <0.05), but showed no statistically significant difference between the IFG and IGT groups (P >0.05)., Conclusions: The prevalence of ED is higher in men with pre-diabetes than in those with normal blood glucose in Lanzhou.

Objective: To compare three different pathways for transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (SVS) and investigate the reliability and efficiency of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided SVS (TRUS-SVS)., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 90 cases of seminal vesiculoscopy conducted directly through the ejaculatory duct or prostatic utricle or under the guide of TRUS. We compared the success rate and complications among the three approaches., Results: Operations were successfully performed in 87 (96.67%) of the 90 cases, 30 through the ejaculatory duct, 37 via the prostatic utricle, and 20 under the guide of TRUS, the operation time ranging from 25 to 75 minutes. Sperm was detected from the seminal vesicle fluid in (92.06%) of the azoospermia patients (58/63) during the surgery and in 77.78% of them (49/63) in semen analysis at 1 week postoperatively. Fifteen hematospermia and 12 spermatocystitis patients were cured. Postoperative follow-up found 20 cases of water-like semen and 3 cases of orchiepididymitis, but no such complications as retrograde ejaculation, incontinence, or rectourethral fistula., Conclusions: Transejaculatory duct and transprostatic utricle pathways are two common approaches to SVS, while TRUS-SVS may achieve a higher success rate and avoid injury of both the prostate and the rectum.

In order to provide theoretical basis for the rapid identification of mineral traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) with near infrared (NIR)diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Characteristic NIR spectra of 51 kinds of mineral TCMs were generalized and compared on the basis of the previous research, and the characteristic spectral bands were determined and analyzed by referring to mineralogical and geological literatures. It turned out that the NIR features of mineral TCMs were mainly at 8 000-4 000 cm ⁻¹ wavebands, which can be assigned as the absorption of water, -OH and[CO3 ²⁻] and so on. Absorption peaks of water has regularity as follows, the structure water and -OH had a combined peak which was strong and keen-edged around 7 000 cm ⁻¹, the crystal water had two strong peak around 7 000 cm ⁻¹ and 5 100 cm ⁻¹, and water only has a broad peak around 5 100 cm ⁻¹. Due to the differences in the crystal form and the contents of water in mineral TCMs, NIR features of water in mineral TCMs which could be used for identification were different. Mineral TCMs containing sulfate are rich in crystal water, mineral TCMs containing silicate generally had structure water, and mineral TCMs containing carbonate merely had a little of water, so it was reasonable for the use of NIR spectroscopy to classify mineral TCMs with anionic type. In addition, because of the differences in cationic type, impurities, crystal form and crystallinity, mineral TCMs have exclusive NIR features at 4 600-4 000 cm ⁻¹, which can be assigned as Al-OH, Mg-OH, Fe-OH, Si-OH,[CO3 ²⁻] and so on. Calcined mineral TCMs are often associated with water and main composition changes, also changes of the NIR features, which could be used for the monitoring of the processing, and to provide references for the quality control of mineral TCMs. The adaptability and limitation of NIR analysis for mineral TCMs were also discussed:the majority of mineral TCMs had noteworthy NIR features which could be used for the NIR analysis. And the NIR features of a few mineral TCMs were inapparent, such as Fluoritum, Realgar and Cinnabar, for which the Raman spectroscopy can be adopted alternatively., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Soil samples and environmental factors in 60 plots of 20 communities in the wild fruit forest in Yili valley were investigated, and then the stoichiometric characteristics of soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P) and total potassium (K) in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers and their influencing factors were studied. The results showed that soil C, N, P and K contents in 0-10 cm layer were 73.15, 7.00, 1.14 and 14.74 g·kg -1 , respectively. Soil C:N, C:P, C:K, N:P, N:K and P:K were 10.37, 62.73, 5.05, 6.05, 0.48 and 0.08, respectively. Except for K and C:N, the stoichiometric values in 0-10 cm layer were significantly higher than that in 10-20 cm layer. Soil P, K, C:N and P:K presented high stability (CV=8%-24%), while others showed moderate variability (CV=28%-46%). Soil nutrient contents and their stoichiometric ratios differed markedly in different sampling sites, communities and slope aspects. Except the power relationship between C and N, all the soil nutrient contents and their stoichiometric ratios represented quadratic relationships, indicating nonlinear coupling among soil stoichiometric traits. Slope aspect, precipitation and temperature were the main factors influencing soil stoichiometry in the wild fruit forest in Yili region.

This study was designed to use iTRAQ technology coupled with 2D LC-MS/MS to study the comparative proteomics of different processing technology for pilose antler. 1015 proteins were identified with 2D LC combined with MOLDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis with Protein Pilot (Version 4.5) revealed that 87 proteins were changed (P ≤ 0.05, the ratio of > 1.50 or < 0.60 as the threshold selection of difference proteins), of which 24 were up regulated and 33 were down regulated in the traditional frying process (TFP) compared with the fresh pilose antler (P ≤ 0.05). 7 significant different proteins (P ≤ 0.001), most of these significantly changed proteins were found to be involved in calcium ion binding and ATP binding associated with human healthy. Freeze drying with protective agent (FDP) (Trehalose) can improve the content of significantly different proteins (P ≤ 0.001) including Collagen alpha-1 (XII) chain (COL12A1) and Collagen alpha-1 (II) chain (COL2A1). The significant function involves in platelets activating, maintenance of spermatogonium, and disorder expression in tumor cells. The functional annotation by Hierarchical clustering and GO (gene ontology) showed that the main molecule functions of the proteins significantly changed in these processes were involved in binding (52.7%), catalytic (25.3%), structural molecule and transporter (6.6%).