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Knee osteoarthritis is a common orthopedic disease with treatment difficulties, which has a high incidence rate in middle-aged and elderly people. Its pathological mechanism has not been fully understood. Current researches have found a strong correlation between obesity, abnormal lipid metabolism, and the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis. Synovial fluid of joints contains many metabolites and directly participates in the regulation of intra-articular metabolism, which can directly reflect the local lipid metabolism status of joints. The lipid metabolism profile in the synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis includes a variety of fatty acids and their related metabolites such as carnitine, acetyl coenzyme A, as well as a variety of phospholipids and adipo-cytokines such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. Among them, lipids such as arachidonic acid, some short-chain saturated fatty acids, and related metabolites may have a bidirectional regulatory function in the development of KOA, which is worthy of in-depth study. In this paper, we review the literature on the characteristics of lipid metabolism in synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis, with the aim of clarifying the correlation between lipid metabolism in synovial fluid and the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis, and providing some new ideas for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection is one of the difficulties and key points in clinical research. Joint puncture is a commonly used method in the preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection, because it is simple and easy to spread. In recent years, synovial fluid examinations have been gradually used in clinical diagnosis, but there remain many disputed issues. OBJECTIVE: To summarize latest research progress of synovial fluid analysis in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in and outside China. METHODS: Publications in English and Chinese from 2008 to 2018 were searched by the first author for studies regarding joint puncture in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection from the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI using the following keywords: periprosthetic joint infection, prosthetic joint infection,synovial fluid, joint puncture, and articular puncture. Five hundred and eighty-four articles were identified by the literature search. By reading the literature title, abstract and full text, 52 studies were included in our review paper. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Preoperative joint puncture is an indispensable part of the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection.(2) Until now, there is no single test that can diagnose periprosthetic joint infection alone; however, combining several examination methods can improve diagnostic accuracy.(3) Joint puncture under ultrasonic guidance has several advantages over fluoroscopy and standard methods.(4) Although several new methods have certain advantages in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection, conventional testing of blood culture bottles and leukocyte counts still have an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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