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Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research status of viscoelastic constitutive relationship of rubber materials at home and aboard were systematically summarized and analyzed from 3 aspects of influencing factors of viscoelastic properties, viscoelastic constitutive model and related experiments of viscoelastic constitutive relationship with 63 references, and the future development direction of viscoelastic constitutive relationship of rubber materials was suggested.

In order to reveal the influence mechanism of wood chemical composition on longitudinal static and dynamic viscoelasticity of cell wall from the perspective of micromechanics, enrich the research content of mechanical properties of wood cell wall and provide reference for selective fiber utilization, wood cell wall at 2/3 of the cross section of Pinus massoniana wood was taken as the research object. Hemicellulose and lignin in cell wall were removed step by step by chemical method, and the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were measured by NREL’S LAPS. The changes of chemical composition of wood cell wall were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties such as creep compliance, storage modules and loss modulus of wood cell wall were measured by nano indentation technology. Then, the relationship between the static viscoelastic properties of wood cell wall and chemical components was studied using Burgers model. The results showed that cellulose played a leading role in the static viscoelastic properties of wood cell walls. Wood extract had little effect on the viscoelasticity of cell wall. The effects of hemicellulose and lignin on the dynamic viscoelasticity of cell wall were significant. After removing hemicellulose and lignin, the storage modulus of cell wall was reduced by 17.4% and 49.4%, respectively, while the loss modulus was increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High pulsed electric field (HPEF) pretreatment is helpful to induce breakdown and displacement effect in cell of fruits and vegetables, which is useful to improve drying speed. We should study the effect of HPEF on the physical properties of fruits and vegetables, which puts the base for optimizing the parameters and mechanism analysis. In this study, 2 kinds of fruits and 2 kinds of vegetables, apple, pear, potato and radish were chosen as raw material. The moisture contents of apple, pear, potato and radish were approximately 86.89%, 89.46%, 78.35% and 93.61%, respectively. Immediately before measuring, the fruits and vegetables were washed and peeled by hand, and then cut into 13 mm diameter and 5 mm thickness using a cork borer. High pulsed electric field generator was used for the HPEF pretreatment of the fruits and vegetables, and the parameters were set as follows: 1) 1 000 V/cm pulse strength, 60 ?s pulse length, pulse number of 15, 2) 1 250 V/cm pulse strength, 90 ?s pulse length, pulse number of 30, and 3) 1 500 V/cm pulse strength, 120 ?s pulse length, pulse number of 45. After HPEF pretreatment, the dynamic viscoelasticity behavior was performed with DMA testing machine using compression platen (diameter of 15 mm). The linear viscoelastic range (LVR) was determined through stress sweeps. A constant amplitude of 10 μm was then chosen (common to the LVR of all samples) to obtain the mechanical spectra as frequency sweeps from 1 to 100 Hz at 25 ℃ and temperature sweeps from 25 to 90 ℃ at 10 Hz. The test and analysis of dynamic viscoelastic of fruits and vegetables were performed by TA Universal Analysis software. Analysis of variance was applied to the data. In order to study the differences among samples, all the data were analyzed with the use of SAS (statistical analysis system) software (version of 9.2). The microstructure analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on apple samples with the 3 sets of pretreatment parameters, and untreated samples. The storage modulus, loss modulus and loss tangent on different HPEF pretreatment parameters and different oscillation frequency were plotted to characterize the viscoelastic behavior. The theoretical analysis about dynamic viscoelastic mechanics was presented. Results showed that all samples showed a slight linear increase in storage modulus, loss modulus and loss tangent as frequency diminished. A statistically significant difference in storage modulus, loss modulus and loss tangent between different varieties was confirmed. For apple samples, the HPEF pretreatment led to the decrease of storage modulus and loss modulus by 72.36% and 78.09%, respectively. It was primarily attributed to the changes of the cell structure and the intracellular space of the cell as revealed by the SEM. The same decreasing tendency of storage modulus and loss modulus with the increasing of HPEF parameters was observed for potatoes. However, the radish showed a contrary tendency that the storage modulus and loss modulus of radish tissue increased with the increasing of HPEF parameters. High cell turgor pressure may be the main reason for the increase in radish dynamic viscoelasticity after HPEF pretreatment. To pears, as HPEF pretreatment parameters were 1 000 V/cm pulse strength, 60 ?s pulse length, and pulse number of 15, the storage modulus and loss modulus of pear tissue reached the maximum. The reason may be the changes in pear cell turgor pressure caused by low HPEF pretreatment, and then with the further increasing of the HPEF parameters, pear cell membrane could be damaged and the dynamic viscoelasticity of pear tissue decreased. With the temperature increasing, the storage modulus of apple, pear, potato, and radish decreased by 34.44%±3.47%, 49.04%±10.64%, 28.12%±10%, and 55.25%±5.61%, respectively. The loss modulus of them decreased by 66.49%±8.05%, 82.12%±15.12%, 44.66%±7.79%, and 67.84%±2.54%, respectively. These results can provide useful information for the optimization of drying process parameters and the improvement of the industrial pretreatment technique in vacuum freeze-drying processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]