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Soil anti-scourability is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the resistance to soil erosion in practice. This review aims to summarize the conception development of soil anti-scourability. A detailed overview was also provided for the relevant achievements in the soil anti-scourability research in China from 1962 to 2022. A systematical evaluation was performed on the pros and cons of characterization indicators and measurements in each period. An analysis was also made to clarify the influencing factors and mechanisms of soil anti-scourability. At the same time, the CiteSpace networks map was visualized to determine the cooperation relationship between authors and institutions, as well as the hot topics embodied by the keywords using the CNKI and Web of Science database. The results showed that the research on the soil anti-scourability sprouted in the 1970s, and then the heat continued to increase. The largest number of publications was reported in 2012-2017, accounting for 24.47% of the total number of publications. Furthermore, the number of publications accounted for 94.80% of the total number of publications over the past 30 years. Nevertheless, the number of publications accounted for 84.83% of the total since the 21st century. It infers that the research on soil anti-scourability rose in the 1990s, and the heat reached the highest in the early 21st century. The density of the author and institution network maps was 0.003, indicating the characteristics of 'large concentration and small dispersion. The density of the keyword network map was 0.006, among which the soil erosion, plant root, Loess Plateau, vegetation restoration, and shear strength were closely related to the keywords. The number of publications in the three stages of 1962-1982, 1983-2002, and 2003-2022 accounted for 0.89 %, 19.71 % and 79.40 % of the total, respectively. Specifically, some keywords were drawn relatively high attention in the second stage, such as the Loess Plateau, soil erodibility, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and litter. The hot topics with high attention in the third stage included soil and water conservation, hedgerow, soil erosion, and root system. The intensity of keyword emergence in the third stage was 1.04-2.86 times that in the second stage, indicating the generally improved research on the soil anti-scourability. More importantly, the research gaps and bottlenecks were also summarized in this field. It was difficult to compare the relevant research, due to the diversity characterization indicators and measurements on the soil anti-scourability. Consequently, it was suggested that the water requirement of 1g of dried soil should be taken as the characterization index of soil anti-scourability. In the determination, the field water discharge scouring should be given priority, followed by the undisturbed soil scouring flume. There was a controversial influence mechanism of plant roots, soil physical and chemical properties, and slope on the soil antiscourability. The mathematical model of soil anti-scourability was mainly built around the enhancement effect of plant roots in the loess area. It is still lacking in the interdisciplinary research on soil anti-scourability. The future study of soil antiscourability should focus on the interaction between runoff erosion and soil anti-scourability at the slope and watershed scales. Modern technology can be used to reveal the resistance of soil structures to the runoff damage for better movement downward. The evaluation and prediction can also be made to clarify the influencing mechanism of the regional water and soil conservation, and ecological environment using the prevention and control of soil erosion, and the comprehensive treatment of water and soil loss. The finding can provide an important decision-making basis for the development of future water and soil conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the climate change and human activities, the global ecosystem has changed significantly, which leads to the continuous decline of ecosystem resilience at the regional and even global scale and constrains the sustainable development of ecosystems. The question about how to maintain the sustainable development ability of ecosystem and reduce the influence of uncertainties has attracted extensive attention of scholars at home and abroad. A theory based on ecosystem resilience has provided a framework for solving these problems, but at present, the research of resilience is in the initial stage. Based on this, this paper takes the documents in CNKI database and Web of science database as samples. In CNKI database, the subject is “ecosystem resilience”, and in Web of science core database, the topic is “resilience” & “ecological system” or “marine ecological resilience” or “wetland ecological resilience” or “forest ecological resilience” or “grassland ecological resilience” or “desert ecological resilience” not “social-ecological system” not “urban system” not “community system”. The Histcite citation visualization software is used to select 40 papers with the highest local citation score (LCS), generating citation chronicles of foreign ecosystem resilience literature, with a time span of 1990-2019, so as to analyze the development of resilience research in foreign countries. In the analysis of domestic research hotspot trends, it is mainly to analyze the quantity of keywords appearing at different stages, and to study the evolution of resilience content. At the same time, this paper also uses VOSviewer data processing software to perform co-occurrence and cluster analysis on keywords, and generates a network map of keywords co-occurrence relationship to understand the main research direction of ecosystem resilience at home and abroad. The findings are as follows: 1) On the whole, the research on ecosystem resilience at home and abroad is on the rise in quantity, and the documents are mainly from the United States. The journals published in the field of ecosystem resilience research at home and abroad tend to focus on ecology and resources. Research institutions include comprehensive colleges, and the universities of mining, teacher education, academy of sciences, and some administrative institutions. 2) At the international level, the focus is different at different stages. Judging from the emergent words, the early stage focuses on biodiversity protection and ecosystem stability. After 2010, more attention is paid to the research of practical policies on the resilience of specific ecosystems. According to the results of citation analysis, resilience is researched from theoretical discussion to specific case modeling, and the research object extends from marine ecosystem to forest ecosystem. The results of co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis of key words show that the research topics of international resilience focus on biodiversity, basic theory, policy management and the stability of marine ecosystem (especially coral reef). 3) Compared with other countries, China's resilience research starts late, and the research direction of ecosystem resilience in China mainly includes three aspects: land reclamation, land investigation and monitoring means, and research on influencing factors. In recent years, social ecosystem resilience, and sustainability and stability of ecosystem have become research hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]