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[Objectives] The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation and mechanism of hydrogen-rich water (HRW)on the growth and photosynthesis of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.). This would benefit agriculture by the application of HRW. [Methods]HRW was used to irrigate strawberries, and parameters such as leaf growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and photosynthetic efficiency were determined. Surface water irrigation was as the control. [Results]After the treatment, the leaf area of strawberries increased, the dry weight and fresh weight of leaves increased by 57.7% and 60.4%, respectively, and the relative growth rate and net assimilation rate increased by 50.0% and 59.9%, respectively, indicating that HRW had a significant effect in promoting strawberry growth. After HRW treatment, the chlorophyll a content increased by 14.4%, the chlorophyll b content did not change significantly, and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased by 22.3%, the contents of soluble sugar, glucose and sucrose in leaves significantly increased. After HRW treatment, the electron transport rate of PSⅡ increased but was not significant, while the significant decrease of quantum yield of photosystems Ⅱ nonregulatory energy dissipation Y(NO)indicated that the protection and regulation ability of the PSⅡ of strawberry leaves was improved. While the electron transport rate of PSⅠ and effective photochemical quantum yield Y(I) significantly increased, suggesting that the cyclic electron flow of PSⅠ was improved. Further analysis showed that the transmembrane proton gradient(ΔpH)was significantly higher than that of the control, accounting for the main part of proton motive force, and the ATP content increased by 43.9% compared with the control, confirming the cyclic electron flow results. [Conclusions]Hydrogen-rich water can promote growth and photosynthesis of strawberry leaf by enhancing cyclic photosynthesis electron flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of different irrigation amounts on the length and width of new citrus leaves under the pre¬cise root domain irrigation technology, citrus was taken as the research object and set different irrigation amount for irrigation. In the experimental group under the precise root field irrigation, 35, 30, 25L/ (plant • times) were respectively set and irrigated once in sev¬en days； in the control group under the micro - sprinkling irrigation method, 130L/(plant • times) irrigated once in 15 days. After ir¬rigating different amount of water, the growth of slightly new tip of the tree and the length and width of new leaves were recorded. Re¬sults showed that the root domain precision irrigation under different irrigation amount had a significantly influence on the new tip of the tree and the length and width of new leaves. In the 14 days observation period, test II had the best growth potential, the total growth of the new tip of the tree was 72. 1 mm, compared with the control group, the growth volume increased by 17. 7 mm and increased by 32.5% year - on - year. The total growth of new leaf length was 48. 9 mm, increased by 9. 6 mm compared with the control group, in¬creased by 24.4% year - on - year, and the total growth of leaf width was 23. 3 mm, which was higher than that of the control. The growth of the group increased by 5. 3 mm, a year - on - year increase of 29. 4% . Therefore, the irrigation amount of 30 L/( plant • times) under the precise root domain irrigation technology is more suitable for the growth of fresh citrus leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is significant to reveal the physiological mechanism of water-saving and yield-increasing effects of spring maize (Zea mays L.) under mulched drip irrigation. The objective of this study was to explore the photosynthetic characteristics response of spring maize in a field with drip irrigation under film mulching. Field experiments were carried out from May 2017 to October 2018 for two years at the Heilongjiang Hydraulic Science and Technology Experimental Research Center (45°22′ N, 125°45′ E), located in a typical area of Northeast China, and three treatments were applied: film mulched drip irrigation (MD), non-mulched drip irrigation (ND), and traditional rain-fed practice as a control (CK). The effects of mulched drip irrigation on grain yield and water-use efficiency of maize were analyzed. Based on photosynthetic-light response curves of spring maize leaves at different growth stages from 2017 to 2018, the effects of mulched drip irrigation on photosynthetic capacity, apparent quantum yield, stomatal conductance, specific leaf weight, and 13C carbon isotope discrimination rate of maize were also analyzed. In 2017, the results showed that the yield of MD, ND and CK treatment was 11.0, 10.7 and 9.1 t/hm² respectively, and water-use efficiency was 2.34, 2.06 and 2.11 kg/m³ for MD, ND and CK treatment respectively. In 2018, the results showed that the yield was 12.0, 11.3 and 9.8 t/hm² respectively, and water-use efficiency was 2.70, 2.22 and 2.07 kg/m³ for MD, ND and CK treatment respectively. From 2017 to 2018, photosynthetic capacity first increased and then gradually decreased with the advance of the growth period, and the photosynthetic capacity values ranged from 13.4 to 63.6 μmol/(m²·s). The apparent quantum yield value of different treatments fluctuated between 0.026 and 0.067. The value of stomatal conductance increased first and then decreased with the development of the growth period, and reached the highest value at the jointing stage. The range of stomatal conductance was 0.12-0.50 mol/(m²·s) in 2017 and 0.07-0.47 mol/(m²·s) in 2018, respectively. The specific leaf weight values increased first and then decreased with the advancement of growth stage, and reached the maximum value during the tasseling milk stage. The range of specific leaf weight was 0.040-0.087 kg/m² in 2017 and 0.062-0.084 kg/m² in 2018, respectively. 13C carbon isotope discrimination rate value increased with the growth period. From 2017 to 2018, the MD treatment significantly increased the yield by 20.9%-22.4% compared with the CK as well as significantly increased the water-use efficiency by 13.6%-21.6% compared with the ND, respectively. The MD treatment increased the average photosynthetic capacity value significantly by 12.9%-22.8% (P < 0.05), also increased stomatal conductance by 15.7%-27.2%, increased specific leaf weight by 5%-14%, and decreased the 13C carbon isotope discrimination rate of maize, especially in the early growth stage, compared to CK. It showed that mulched drip irrigation could improve the photosynthetic parameters of maize. Also, the MD treatment significantly affected the linear correlation between leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity, compared with CK, the slopes of the regression line in the MD and ND treatments were higher, which meant that for a given leaf nitrogen content and stomatal conductance, the MD and ND treatments had a higher photosynthetic capacity values than that of the CK. Also, the results showed that photosynthetic N utilization efficiency and stomatal conductance of leaves was significantly improved by film mulching drip irrigation, which might be the physiological reason for the improvement of photosynthetic capacity, and this might be the key reason for that why yield and water-use efficiency in MD treatment could be significantly increased. Based on the above comprehensive analysis, it was found that the increasing or decreasing of these key photosynthetic parameters under mulched drip irrigation was the key reason for the increase of yield and water-use efficiency of spring maize. This study result provided a theoretical basis for the implementation of film-mulching and drip-irrigation technology in cold spring and water-deficient areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]