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With the rapid economic development and dramatic changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has been increasing significantly and become a serious public health threat. This article introduced the main contents of "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control", aiming to facilitate understanding and applications of the "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control" by policymakers, researchers and practitioners in related fields. Built upon these, recommendations were made for obesity screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, prevention and control policies and strategies, and future research priorities in China.

Eye health is an essential component of physical and mental health, concerning the whole life cycle and all age groups, which is a major public health and social issue related to people's livelihood. With 2020 being the final year of the 13th Five-Year National Eye Health Plan(2016-2020) and the VISION 2020 initiative, under the support of the Bureau of Medical Administration under the National Health Commission, the White Paper on Eye Health in China was prepared, aiming to comprehensively introduce the achievements of eye health in China, as well as the work experience and challenges in the development of eye health. Under the guidance of the "Healthy China 2030" and with the aim to further promote the high-quality development of eye health during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and further improve people's eye health, the National Health Commission formulated the 14th Five-Year National Eye Health Plan (2021-2025). This paper focuses on the interpretation of the core content of the Plan, aiming to better implement the plan and achieve the goals.

Ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of concept of "One Health" in addressing major global public health problems and human health concerns. "One Health" refers to using an integrated, unifying approach to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems through multi-sector, multi-discipline and trans-region collaboration. In this paper, we systematically elaborate on "One Health" in terms of its conception, research area and its practice in China and put forward policy suggestions for the implementation of "One Health" in China, so as to facilitate the realization of the goals of "Healthy China 2030".

Professional nursing organizations represent an important channel for the nursing profession to influence health policy, represent and protect the interests of nurses, and advocate for the further development of the profession. Facing the rapidly increasing aging population and emerging needs of long-term care in Taiwan, the Taiwan Nurses Association launched an integrated project to propose policy advice on the development of nursing in long-term care. In this paper, the relevant findings in the domestic and foreign literature are summarized to better define the role function and core competence of long-term care nurses. In addition, the current tasks, perceived competence, and training needs of nurses working in long term care settings are presented, and the consensus on various advocacy strategies are summarized. The findings presented in this study may be referenced when developing evidence-based policy recommendations related to education, practice, legal / regulatory amendments, and professional organizations.

Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Area is the only administrative area in China where the pilot application of real-world data is performed. Based on the special healthcare policy in Boao Lecheng, conducting real-world data study to provide real-world evidence for the clinical evaluations and approvals of innovated medical products has become an important field that supports the reform of China's evaluation and approval system of medical products. Trustworthy real-world evidence needs to rely on both high-quality real-world data and reasonable and rigorous study designs. Based on the real-world data research guidelines and specifications issued by relevant academic research and regulatory authorities both at home and abroad, combined with the special policy environment of Boao Lecheng and previous practice experience, this paper summarizes the study designs of real world data in Boao Lecheng and discusses the key considerations of different study design in the context of special healthcare policies in Boao Lecheng in order to provide reference for the further study of real-world data.

This paper reviews the evolution of the schistosomiasis control strategy in China at various stages after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and analyzes the roles and main problems of the schistosomiasis control strategy at different stages. At the end stage of schistosomiasis elimination, the integrated strategy with emphasis on infectious source control should be continued to be sustained and the problems regarding the implementation of this integrated strategy are analyzed. In addition, the countermeasures to solve these problems are proposed.

Professional nursing organizations represent an important channel for the nursing profession to influence health policy, represent and protect the interests of nurses, and advocate for the further development of the profession. Facing the rapidly increasing aging population and emerging needs of long-term care in Taiwan, the Taiwan Nurses Association launched an integrated project to propose policy advice on the development of nursing in long-term care. In this paper, the relevant findings in the domestic and foreign literature are summarized to better define the role function and core competence of long-term care nurses. In addition, the current tasks, perceived competence, and training needs of nurses working in long term care settings are presented, and the consensus on various advocacy strategies are summarized. The findings presented in this study may be referenced when developing evidence-based policy recommendations related to education, practice, legal / regulatory amendments, and professional organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is systematically explained the definition, contents of universal health coverage (UHC). Universal health coverage calls for all people to have access to quality health services they need without facing undue financial burden. The relationship between five main attributes, i.e., quality, efficiency, equity, accountability and resilience, and their 15 action plans has been explained. The nature of UHC is belonged to the State and government. The core function is commitment with equality. The whole-of-system method is used to promoting the health system reform. In China, the universal health coverage has been reached to the preliminary achievements, which include universal coverage of social medical insurance, basic medical services, basic public health services, and the provision of essential medicines. China has completed millennium development goals (MDG) and is being stepped to the sustainable development goals (SDG).

With the deepening of medical reform process in China, the continuous improvement of medical and health policies and systems, a large number of innovative drugs have been put on the market quickly, which not only better meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and treatment and guarantee the use of drugs, but put forward higher requirements and great challenges to the limited pharmaceutical management resources of medical institutions. The research and use of scientific, standardized, objective, simple and feasible methods and tools for drug selection and evaluation can provide scientific basis for medical institutions to adjust drug list reasonably. This paper reviews the current status of methods and tools for drug selection and evaluation in medical institutions in China by searching relevant research literature, exploring and analyzing the research process and technical characteristics, so as to provide reference for medical institutions to select appropriate methods and tools for drug selection and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender and race issues have caused rapid cultural and societal changes to affect the healthcare of indigenous women, which involves complicated, cultural meanings. The present paper begins by outlining the gender perspective and then elaborates on the present gender mainstreaming and status of indigenous women's healthcare in Taiwan. Furthermore, this paper identifies the current difficulties experienced by Taiwanese indigenous women, including those related to the lack of adequate healthcare data and gender analyses on indigenous women and the lack of regular research on healthcare strategies for indigenous women. Therefore, the present paper proposes to establish health policy references that are gender and race sensitive. The health policy not only addresses racial and gender concerns regarding healthcare information but also focuses on the analysis of indigenous healthcare information. Indigenous women's health concerns are discussed here within the framework of healthcare policy through the perspective of gender mainstreaming. Additionally, we will analyze and evaluate the effects of gender in order to establish inspection and management processes that integrate the concept of gender into policy development and implementation, thus promoting relevant health policies. During the processes of planning, implementing, and evaluating healthcare policies, women should unite to contribute toward indigenous women's health policies and gender mainstreaming.

The paper summarized briefly the evidences for tobacco use as a cause of cancer based on hundreds of epidemiologic and biomedical studies carried out over the past 50-60 years, as well as overviewed the carcinogens in tobacco products and mechanisms of neoplasm induction by tobacco products. So, tobacco control is the important measure for cancer prevention.

Compulsory rural service directed medical student free training program is a medical education policy oriented to the cultivation of high-quality general medical talents for primary care system in rural areas, and is an important initiative to deepen the reform of the pharmaceutical and health system and accelerate the construction of a "healthy China", which is an important foundation for implementing the "poverty removal" and promotion of sustainable development of "poverty alleviation by health". Policy of compulsory rural service directed medical students free training program was designed scientifically and rationally, effectively combining motivating mechanisms with compulsory mechanisms, and is continuously refined in the practice process. In the course of policy implementation, various regions of our country have developed their characteristic implementation strategies accordingly in the links of enrollment, training, employment, and contract performance. The program based on the policy educated a large number of qualified GPs for rural primary care system. The compulsory rural service directed medical students fulfilled the contract well, and the career development trend was positive, which contributed to strengthening the construction of the primary health workforce, enhancing the level of primary health service, and promoting the establishment of a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. However, during the implementation of the policy, many challenges have been encountered, such as some students' low learning enthusiasm during the training period, limited capacity of local authorities to implement the policy, the need for improvement of pay incentives for primary GPs and the short service cycle. In this paper, we conducted a systematic analysis of the design concept and execution process of the policy of free training for compulsory rural service directed medical students, and suggested that further expansion of scale of the compulsory rural service directed free training program should be conducted to improve the quality of cultivation, enhance the effective collaboration among multiple parties and the contract fulfillment, which will collectively promote the effective implementation of the policy, thereby providing talent support for the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system and the "Health China" strategy.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has currently spread to over 100 countries, infecting over thirty million people and causing nearly one million deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic is the most serious pandemic crisis faced by the world medical system for at least a century. To address the impacts pandemic prevention and control measures and of societal concerns regarding risks of contraction healthcare environments, related policies and management must be adopted to provide effective and future prevention. The author introduces the prevention policies implemented during the pandemic under coordinated medical systems, the National Health Insurance program, pandemic management, and national and international governmental organizations to provide readers with a reference for current situation of the pandemic in Taiwan and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]