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Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Existing studies have clearly demonstrated that people eating more whole grains have reduced risks of many chronic metabolic diseases compared to those eating less. In the past 20 years, the whole grain industry has developed so rapidly in major developed countries and regions. In recent years, whole grains have also attracted extensive attention in our country. The research and development efforts of the whole grain standards in China have been strengthened. This paper introduced the progress of the global definition consensus of whole grain and whole grain food, summarized the international development status of whole grain raw materials and whole grain food related standards in many countries and institutions, such as the Working Group of ISO Whole Grain, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Codex Alimentarius Commission, and so on. This paper also reviewed the present situation of definition of the whole grain and whole grain food related standards in China. More than 20 relevant raw materials, food related standards and production technical regulations and the publishment situation of other whole grain standards in China, including national standards and industry standards and local standards and group standards, were summarized, and some whole grain related standards under formulation were also introduced. Finally, the paper puts forward the development direction and suggestions for the construction of whole grain standard system in China, including fully combining with the actual production situation of China's whole grain food industry, integrating with international standards, and combining standard testing and certification. On the whole, the gradual improvement of the standard system of the whole grain food industry will help guide and regulate the high-quality and healthy development of the whole grain industry in China, and promote the creation of a diversified and healthy grain food ecology, and provide a technical basis for the development of the whole grain industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on absorptive capacity, institutional theory and resource base theory, this paper selected 35 textile and garment listed enterprises, and used the fsQCA method to explore the impact of OFDI multi-factor configurations on the innovation performance of textile and garment enterprises. This paper introduced the idea of multi-factor configurations, overcomed the asymmetry problem of traditional regression analysis, and further consider the innovation performance of textile and garment enterprises from a multi-dimensional perspective. The findings confirm that there are four high innovation performance scenario configurations and two scenario configurations that can lead to low innovation performance for textile and garment enterprises under the OFDI multi-factor configurations. Among them, textile and garment companies present a high knowledge absorption capacity status for the high innovation performance scenario configuration of OFDI in developed countries, while they present a low informal institutional distance for the characteristics of developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China is the property of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Automotive Digest is the property of Automotive Digest Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many industrial contaminated sites have been left in urban areas, due to the relocation and retirement of industrial enterprises, and their potential environmental risks have attracted great attention all over the world. In such circumstance, some developed countries (regions) in Europe and America have formed their own characteristic environmental risk assessment frameworks (ERAF), based on the risk/toxicity assessment of chemicals. In China, the ERAF in line with current realistic situation is gradually developed, by integrating foreign experience. This paper systematically reviews the formulation and development of the ERAF for contaminated sites in China, the United States, the European Union, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, etc. The primary objectives, decision-making and management process, scientific orientations, and key innovations of these ERAFs are summarized. In addition, the promotion, support and guiding roles of key laws, regulations, policies, and technical guidelines of each country (region) in specific historical period are outlined. This review can provide a useful reference for the development and improvement of ERAF for contaminated sites in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of NTU Management Review is the property of NTU Management Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cerebrovascular disease leads to serious disease burden because of its high morbidity, disability and mortality. In recent years, its prevalence, incidence and mortality showed a downward trend in most high-income countries but in low and middle income countries have been increasing. This paper introduced the main results from a nationwide, population-based epidemiological cross-sectional survey on cerebrovascular disease in China during the period of Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Civil war often occurs in poor countries that also attract foreign aid from developed countries, which raises the question of whether foreign aid is capable of reducing the likelihood of civil war. Despite such aid being known as charitybased foreign policy, previous studies have pointed out that aid is delivered strategically. Since aid targets the incumbent government, it could be seen as a pro-government-biased intervention. I argue that it is the biased interfering signal that causes commitment problems and changing costs of power-sharing and civil war between warring groups to discourage peace agreements. This paper analyzes time-series and cross-sectional data from 1947 to 2017 with multilevel binary logit models, and finds a positive relationship between foreign aid and the onset of civil war, which also confirms the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Developed countries and regions had been the main source of imported food for China in the past. However, as China attached great importance to the diversification of food import sources, the importance of countries along the 'Belt and Road' (B&R) was growing. There was less research on the new changes and challenges the diversified sources of imported foods would bring to China's food safety. This paper compared the quantity and types of imported foods from developed countries and regions and countries along the B&R from 2013 to 2021, as well as the reasons for rejected imported foods. The results showed that from 2013 to 2021, the proportion of imported foods from developed countries and regions decreased from 45.20% to 43.31%, while that from countries along the B&R increased from 17.89% to 22.38%. By comparing the rejections of imported foods from the two sources from 2013 to 2021, it was found that the prevention and control level of microbial, animal and plant diseases in countries along the B&R was weaker than that of developed countries and regions. However, developed countries and regions still had advantages in providing high-grade food, and might continue to play an important role in China's imported food trade in the future. The results of this study can provide reference for China to address the challenges brought by the diversification of imported food.

To develop an outstanding Renminbi exchange rate forecasting model based on the background of Renminbi internationalization and the increased two-way volatility becomes much more important. The forecasting ability of a parameter model depends not only on whether it is correctly specified, but also on one hand the efficiency of whether it can detect the structure changes and using the effective observations to estimate the parameters, and on the other hand on the ability of selecting the proper covariates that can be used in forecasting. In order to solve these required problems, this paper has developed the penalized adaptive method which can adaptively select the covariates and detect the structure changes. The developed model can outperform the local adaptive method and other economic fundamental methods in exchange rate predictions. In the USD against RMB exchange rate regime, we find out that the newly developed methods can manage of significantly increasing the forecasting accuracy compared with the second-best model. After the 811-exchange-rate-reform, the economic fundamentals have been significantly improved in determining the exchange rate expectation. Moreover, after the 811-exchange-rate-reform, the exchange rate of USD against RMB itself does not decide alone by the USD. It is also decided heavily by the other fundermental differences between China and the other developed countries such as UK, Euro Zone and Japan. The manageable floating exchange rate system is also crucial in preventing the exchange rate risk in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper modified the Diebold & Yilmaz spillover index model by weighting method, and used this model to analyze the information spillover relationship between RMB and seven major developed contries, currency from July 22, 2005 to the end of 2017. The results showed that: The current international influence of the RMB is not high, far lower than the influence levels of other developed countries' currencies, but it shows a rising trend; especially after the "811" exchange reform in 2015, the international influence of the RMB has been greatly improved; from the rolling window analysis and structure change-point test, the improvement of the marketization level of the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism and international status are two main factors that have led to major changes in the international influence of the RMB. Overall, the weighted modified Diebold & Yilmaz spillover index model can more sensitively reflect changes in the international influence of the RMB. To improve the international influence of the RMB, one key is to continuously increase the marketization level of the exchange rate market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common diseases in older populations. Its main clinical features include cognitive dysfunction, affective disorder, and abnormal mental behavior. Due to the lack of therapeutic drugs, professional care has become an important diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease patients. At present, most Alzheimer's disease patients are cared for at home by relatives or caregivers, and less than l0% of city-based patients receive care in oldage institutions. Due to mixed treatment regimens in the hospital, care services do not necessarily match patient care needs and thus Alzheimer's disease patients do not receive adequate treatment. Developed countries have a mature care system for the elderly, but no graded care model for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease currently exists in China. In this paper, the author draws on the experience of developed countries to construct an index system for the graded care of Alzheimer's disease patients that is suited to conditions in China. This article addresses the burden faced by the elderly with Alzheimer's disease and the current standard of care for the elderly at home and abroad. After explaining the necessity of constructing a care model for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease, the author then explains the practicability of the care system proposed in this study in order to provide a whole-course care model for the mentally impaired elderly in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the present stage of China’s investment in science and technology strength, talent training mode is not set up, unscientific allocation restricts the progress of China’s science and technology and the efficiency of resource allocation. Based on this background, this paper first summarizes and analyzes the experience and characteristics of national science and technology resources allocation, from foreign countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, Australia and other countries. According to the current situation in China, we put forward the experience and enlightenment in several aspects, including increasing government investment in science and technology, financing system construction, building scientific and technological personnel training mode, deepening the reform of science and technology, optimizing the allocation of scientific and technological resources. These countermeasures and suggestions may improve science and technology resource allocation for China in the external environment, and provide the theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of the allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research of Environmental Sciences is the property of Research of Environmental Sciences Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwan Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwanese Journal of Sociology is the property of Taiwanese Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwan Journal of Publich Health / Taiwan Gong Gong Wei Sheng Za Zhi is the property of Taiwan Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soochow Journal of Political Science is the property of Soochow Journal of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)