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Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences is the property of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering is the property of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Technology is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Technology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the source of boil off gas (BOG) at liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving station and calculates the amount of BOG required to be treated. It is obtained that the amount of BOG required to be treated under unloading and non-unloading conditions is 15.837 t/h and 2.863 t/h, respectively. The composition of the BOG treatment system and the recondensation process are studied. Optimize the recondensation process and BOG treatment system by improving heat transfer efficiency of the recondenser, directly exporting low-pressure BOG, and controlling tank pressure. The parameters such as the amount of LNG required for BOG entering the recondenser, the liquid level of the recondenser and the pressure at the top and bottom of the recondenser are analyzed. The flow of LNG into the recondenser is adjusted by the regulator. The bottom pressure of the recondenser is controlled by adjusting the PV02A/B opening. The load of the BOG compressor is adjusted to adjust the liquid level of the recondenser to achieve the optimization of the liquid level control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reviews advances over the past twenty years in the control of pests in greenhouses, including pest species and their identification, the basic biology of important pests, symbiotic microorganisms and control techniques. Future prospects for combining plant quarantine, the transfer of pests in and out of greenhouses, new biological control products, trapping methods and creating and maintaining habitat for biological control agents, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Researchers have developed various design methods for driving systems and control strategies for electric tractors, as well as performance analysis of key components. However, little attention has been paid to the precise management of torque requests in the top layer in consideration of factors such as the power output restrictions at motor operating temperature limits, battery state-of-charge limits, time-based torque ramp limits, and the speed-dependent torque capability of the motor. In this paper, we developed a driving torque management model on the upper layer of driving systems for electric tractors based on the common functional blocks related to the decision of target torque in electric tractor control. In order to meet the field operation requirements and improve the quality of work, the input signals were calibrated to the desired cruise speed and further converted to the motor target revolving speed. According to the deviation between the actual revolving speed and the target revolving speed, the motor target output torque was calculated to balance the required motor power with the work load. Further considering the impacts on the electric tractor caused by the torque fluctuations during the cruise operation, the motor maximum torque available at the current revolving speed, the influence of the over-temperature of the driving system and the over-discharge of the battery, models of time-based ramp limitation of target torque, motor’s speed-based maximum torque limitation and load reduction protection under extreme conditions were constructed in turn. The electric tractor model consisting of tractor dynamic model, battery model, and electric motor model was also built. A tractor control unit to support the torque demand management model was designed, and a hardware-in-the-loop real-time test platform was built with dSPACE. The parameters in the torque management model were calibrated separately, and the output characteristics of the drive system under traction conditions were tested. The results showed that the actual vehicle speed tracked the expected cruising speed steadily during the traction operation. The tracking error mainly depended on the degree of slip of the driving wheels. When the expected speed changed, the actual vehicle speed smoothly transited to the expected value according to the calibrated climbing rate. During the operation, the model output torque always stayed within the motor torque capacity, and kept a small change rate of not more than 35 N·m/s, which led to more gentle variations of motor torque compared with the original without ramp limitations. When the battery voltage dropped below the over-discharge threshold, the management model scaled down the target torque in time by 10%-27% according to the degree of undervoltage, which therefore kept the battery voltage always above the safe level. The driving torque demand management model built in this paper can provide a technical reference for tractor control unit designs of electric tractors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural machine automatic navigation is one of the key technologies in precision agriculture technology system, the in-depth study is important in scientific research, application and social values. In this paper, we investigated the navigation problems in the application of the farm work, including slow on-line speed, bad on-line stability, and poor adaptability of bumpy complex road surface. These problems can be summarized as the speed and stability problems of track tracking in the case of large position deviation or large course deviation. Through the analysis of the work principle and control parameters function of the navigation, a conclusion is made that the correct speed and stability of the position deviation and course deviation of agricultural machinery can be improved by allocating the weight of the position deviation wheel angle decision quantity and course deviation wheel angle decision quantity reasonably. Then in this paper, we developed the navigation control algorithm based on the agricultural machine kinematics model and the pole optimal configuration theory. Because of the small angle linearization of course deviation angle and wheel angle during the deducing, the control law can achieve good control effect only in the ideal straight path tracking control with small position deviation, course deviation, and wheel angle. Based on this, a path tracking control method of aiming pursuit model for agricultural machine navigation was proposed aiming at improving the on-line speed, stability and adaptability to complex road surface of the automatic navigation system of agricultural machine. In this method, we selected a tracking target point on the planning path of agricultural machine ahead, and tracked the target point by controlling the steering wheel angle. The direction of the agricultural machine vehicle center point to the target point was called as the aiming course. The desired steering angle would be larger when the deviation was larger between the course of agricultural machine and the aiming course, with a rapid correction of aiming course deviation to achieve the goal of fast tracking the target path. On the other hand, the desired steering angle would be smaller when the deviation was smaller between the course of agricultural machine and the aiming course, with a stable tracking to aiming path to achieve the goal of stable tracking the target path. In this model, the steering wheel angle was designed to be K times of the aiming course deviation and K was called as control gain. The length of the projection of the agricultural machine vehicle center to the target point vector on the planning path was named as the preview distance. The control gain and the preview distance were two important parameters that affected the control effect of the model. In this paper, there were three steps to prove the feasibility of the method. The control gain K and the preview distance were set up by referring to the result of the pole optimal configuration method based on the kinematic model of agricultural machine. By comparing two methods formula, the position deviation wheel angle decision quantity had a linear relationship with the position deviation in the kinematics model method and the position deviation wheel angle decision quantity had an inverse tangent function relationship with the position deviation. The inverse tangent function relation was more beneficial to maintain proper weight of position deviation wheel angle decision quantity and course deviation wheel angle decision quantity that would make the path tracking control of agricultural machinery navigation more rapid and stable. Simulation analysis results of aiming pursuit model algorithm in different position and different course deviation showed that the proposed method had a fast and stable path tracking performance and good robustness and adaptability to the navigation path tracking. The test results of agricultural machine showed that the control method proposed in this paper had a good effect in the rapid responsibility and line tracking performance. In the case of 0.5, 1, 1.5 m initial position error, the on-line time was 6.8, 8.2, 9.4 s, respectively, the corresponding travelling distance was 6.73, 8.11 and 9.33 m, respectively and the corresponding overshoot was 5.2, 7.0, 8.5 cm, respectively. The maximum error of straight-line path tracking for bumpy uneven field was not more than 4.23 cm, the mean value of the absolute value of the error was 1 cm, and the standard deviation was 1.25 cm, which satisfied the operation requirements of agricultural machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The slip phenomenon is common for heavy truck which is starting. This paper develops the anti-slip control strategy based on optimal slip rate, and the ASR (anti-slip regulation) is applied to heavy truck. In this paper, the speed is estimated by the acceleration; the wheel rotation speed can be easily got because the alternating current motor speed is easy to monitor; and then the slip rate is known. The fuzzy controller's knowledge bank is designed based on references' theory and engineering experience. At the same time, the SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) model is built. In the SPWM model's inner ring, the torque is positively related to the current. And the torque can be adjusted, so the current can be modified, and the motor output torque can be rectified. If the motor output torque is adjusted, the torque which is input to the wheel is increasing or decreasing correspondingly. So the driving torque on wheel can be balanced with the resistance torque on wheel, which means the truck can operated at a steady state. The fuzzy control system adjusts the torque distribution of the wheel-motors to maintain the optimal slip rate. The system is modeled with Matlab/Simulink software. Using this model, serial tests are simulated on various terrains including the road with low attachment coefficient, the bisectional road and the joint road. In the road with low attachment coefficient, the slip rate without control is very high that can reach 1, which means the wheel is rotating but truck wouldn't move. After applying the control, the slip rate can stabilize at a given reference value. Meanwhile, the attachment coefficient can be controlled at an optimal level. In the bisectional road, the slip rate is ideal when the truck's wheel is at the side of the road with high attachment coefficient; but when the truck moves into the road with low attachment coefficient, the slip rate sharply increases. At this moment, the truck can't ensure the direction of stability. So the danger coefficient is high. But the slip rate with control is stabilized at a given value. The result shows that the fuzzy control system can raise the utilization attachment coefficient and improve the power, stability and safety. Finally, to verify the controller's feasibility and calculation efficiency, the hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation system is implemented. The national instrument (NI) embedded system is used. The truck's model that includes the dynamic model and the AC motor's control model is operated in PXI8110. And the control algorithm is running in CompactRIO-9024 which is an excellent controller to simulate the real-time situation. All the simulation operations are run again in the HIL system, and the road with low attachment coefficient, the bisectional road and the joint road are included. In the HIL simulation, the shapes of slip rate curve and attachment coefficient curve are consistent with the simulation results in Matlab/Simulink. The real-time simulation result shows that the slip rate and attachment coefficient can be quickly stabilized at an optimal level. But the response time is really different. For example, the simulation time in Matlab/Simulink is much more than the HIL time. The HIL simulation system's advantage is that not only the simulation time is much less than the Matlab/Simulink but also the response time is much less. On the other hand, the response time is short, which means that the HIL simulation system has a more perfect real-time performance. In short, the real-time performance of the fuzzy control algorithm has been proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]