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Pro,state cancer is the .second most common cancer in men and the fifth leading cau.se of cancer deaths in men.Although there is an initial response to traditional treatments which include radical prostatectomy, chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, and so on, some patients eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer. The human immune system can perform a monitoring function to kill tumor cells promptly, however,tumor cells also express PD-L1 as they evolve, which binds to PD-1 on T cells and can inhibit T cell function, ultimately inducing immune evasion. The in-depth study of PD-1/PD-L1 in the mechanism of immune evasion in prostate cancer may provide new therapeutic strategies for the future application of PD-1/ PD-L1-based immunotherapy in prostate cancer treatment. In this paper, we will review the latest research progress of PD-1/ PD-L1 in prostate cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lung cancer causes a significant threat to human health. Despite considerable advancements in the treatment technologies in recent years, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer patients remains low. In this context, the discovery of pyroptosis, a unique cell death mechanism, offers a novel perspective for exploring new pathways of lung cancer treatment. Particularly, the role of gasdermin E (GSDME) in the process of pyroptosis reveals its tremendous potential in lung cancer therapy. Recent studies have made considerable progress in understanding the role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in lung cancer growth, the lung cancer microenvironment, and the effect of GSDME methylation on lung cancer treatment. This paper summarizes these research advancements and analyzes the potential and possible side effects of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in lung cancer therapy, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for developing more effective strategies for lung cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aims to improve the integrity of oral care guidance for patients with oral cancer and reduce the likelihood of infection. In January 2020, 65% of patients with oral cancer did not do oral care after their operation. The completion rate of oral care which is guided by nurses was only 62.2%. In addition, our investigation revealed that nurses perceived the correct rate was 55.9% of oral care for post-operative cancer patients. Our analysis suggested the reasons might be: 1. lack of on-the-job training, 2. a lack of standard operation procedure and monitoring system, and 3. no related health education papers. Thus, our intervention including establishing standard operation procedure and monitoring system of oral care for post-operative patients, holding on-the-job training and making health education papers. After adopting strategies mentioned above, the completion rate of nurse guided oral care increased to 94.3%, and nurses' perception of oral care for post-operative cancer patients rises to 98.8 %. The results of this project enable a much greater number of patients to receive complete care and help in reducing the infection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of brain tumors, especially the malignant brain tumors, has entered in the bottleneck period at present. It is difficult for traditional molecular biology, cell and animal experiments to make a major breakthrough in the treatment of brain tumors, so researchers have turned their attention to the anatomy and pathology of human whole brain tissue. However, the human whole brain tissue which is available for research is extremely deficient. It is of great significance to encourage brain tumors patients to donate organs and establish a standard human brain tissue resource bank of brain tumors (shortened to brain bank) for the research of brain science and providing new treatment ideas for brain tumors, while the construction of brain bank in China started late, with a relatively small scale and relatively slow development. This paper intends to provide guidance for the construction and improvement of brain bank and specific brain tumors related brain bank in China by drawing on the relevant experience of the construction of brain bank in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applied the Decision theory of management to systematically expound and analyzed the relevant factors that affected the health care seeking behavior of cancer patients. The main characteristics of cancer patients’health care seeking behavior were summarized from five dimensions: when to seek health care， where to seek health care，decision on medical treatment，communication between doctors and patients and payment for medical expenses. In order to improve the scientificity of clinical decision⁃making，this paper puts forward the cultural literacy and basic requirements that the cancer patients and their relatives should have. It is essential to guide cancer patients to seek health care scientifically，maximize the advantages of health policies and improve the efficiency of medical resource utilization to promote doctor ⁃ patient communication，medical experience and the effect of cancer prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous selection of diagnosis and treatment methods of pituitary adenoma are mainly based on the clinical experience of neurosurgeons, so the prognosis of patients mainly depends on the diagnosis and treatment level of doctors. In recent years, with the development and progress of artificial intelligence technology such as machine learning and radiomics, clinicians can make diagnosis and treatment plans with the help of machines, so as to achieve more consistent diagnostic accuracy and better efficacy. This paper summarizes the application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenoma, so as to provide references for clinicians to understand various methods of artificial intelligence technology, and to comprehensively evaluate its advantages and disadvantages, so as to make rational use of it in medical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Oncology Journal is the property of Journal of Practical Oncology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of artificial intelligent detection for lung cancer in PET/CT hybrid imaging was investigated in this paper by using an integrated learning model based on multi-scale and multi-modality Mask R-CNN. Firstly, the candidate of lung cancer was extracted through three deep learning models. These three models were generated by appropriately tuning the Mask R-CNN employing certain training data that consisted of images from three different scales and different modalities. Then these three models were integrated using integrated learning of weight voting strategy to diminish the false positive outcomes.69 patients with lung cancer and 11 normal cases were included in the experiment.1242 slices with lung cancer were utilized for three training data sets.270 axial slices, including 58 PET slices and 58 CT slices with lung tumor and 77 PET normal slices and 77 CT normal slices, were used for testing. The F-score, precision and recall of resemble learning were 0.94,0.93,and 0.94,respectively.Compared with single model of Mask R-CNN and model of major voting, model of integrated learning based on multi-modality and multi-scale Mask R-CNN performed best. The experimental results showed this method is effective for the detection of lung cancer with PET/CT image, and can provide meaningful auxiliary diagnostic information for doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the real-world factors influencing the clinical outcome of Febrile neutropenia (FN) in oncology patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 130 FN patients admitted to our hospital between January 2020 and December 2022. The patients were categorized into three groups based on their clinical efficacy: cured group, effective group, and ineffective group. A comparison was made among the three groups regarding general data and laboratory examination results. Univariate and ordered multicategorical logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting the clinical efficacy of FN. Results The overall effective rate of FN in our hospital was 86.15%. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences among the three patient groups regarding the duration of granulomatous defects, Physical Status Score (PS Score), procalcitonin (PCT) levels, and timing of administration (P < 0.05). Ordinal multicategorical logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with PS scores < 2, granulomatous defects lasting less than 7 days, and PCT levels below 0.5 ng/mL exhibited better clinical treatment outcomes. Conclusion In the management of FN, it is crucial to prioritize patients with high PS scores and elevated PCT levels while optimizing drug utilization to enhance clinical efficacy. Timely intervention should be implemented to address granulopathy and improve overall clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consolidation tumor ratio (CTR) is a hot issue in lung cancer imaging studies in recent years. It is defined as the proportion of the maximum consolidation diameter divided by the maximum tumor diameter in the lung window scanned by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Many studies have also confirmed that it can be used as an indicator to identify whether a lung tumor is benign or malignant at the early stage, the main basis on which to decide whether sublobectomy can be performed, and is an independent factor for the recurrence and prognosis of early-stage lung cancer. Especially after tumor size and CTR results of JCOG0804 and JCOG0802 trials in Japan were published, a breakthrough in the treatment method upends the conventional surgical approach, which benefits patients with early-stage lung cancer. But insufficient research data on CTR leads to the fact that an evaluation system to measure CTR is yet to be built. This paper discusses the research progress in CTR prediction of benign or malignancy of pulmonary nodules, how to choose a surgical approach, lymph node dissection, spread through air spaces (STAS) and other hot issues. It also investigates the possible indicators to predict efficacy based on CTR, summarizes and analyzes the development trend of surgical methods to treat early-stage peripheral lung cancer and challenges, to provide new ideas for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Clinical trials of anti-tumor drugs is not only the important way to develop new drugs, but also the most advanced treatment methods for malignant tumors, bringing survival benefits to patients. There are a large number of new antitumor drug clinical trials for lung cancer patients, covering a wide variety of anti-tumor drugs, and with rapid progress and high efficiency of clinical transformation. These trials could not be carried out successfully without the joint efforts of the research team, in which the research nurses also played a role that should not be underestimated. Combined with the work content of clinical research nurses, this paper introduced the post management, role function, core competence and career development prospect of clinical research nurses in the process of carrying out clinical trial of lung cancer drugs in detail. In order to provide reference for more medical institutions to carry out related work, and promote the further development of clinical research nurses to standardization and specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer significantly threatens the life of women, while the adverse effects of cancer treatment degrade quality of life and psychological well-being. The quality of transitional care following the completion of treatment significantly affects the ability of breast cancer patients to transition successfully into survivorship. This paper introduces multiple theoretical perspectives and provides an overview of the tenets of each in order to identify the positions of breast cancer survivors and to highlight the factors and strategies that influence their transitional care. The theoretical perspectives that are introduced include the social-ecological model, transition theory, and the strengths perspective. In order to improve the holistic care of women with breast cancer, factors relevant to transition are categorized into the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels. Furthermore, empirical interventions, which are based on the respective advantages of the various levels of the social-ecological model, are proposed in order to conform to the sociocultural context and clinical practices. Healthcare providers should leverage the strengths and resources at each level to develop feasible strategies and to provide quality of care in order to assist breast cancer patients to transition successfully from treatment to survivorship and to holistically improve their subsequent quality of life and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the widespread use of immunodepressant agents, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) has been significantly found in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, such as those with malignancies, post-transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Although the risk factors and management of PJP have been extensively studied in the hematologic tumor and post-transplant populations, the research on real tumor cases is insufficient. Lung cancer has been the most common tumor with the highest number of incidence and death worldwide, and the prognosis of lung cancer patients infected with PJP is poor in clinical practice. By reviewing the previous studies, this paper summarized the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of PJP in lung cancer patients, the risk factors and possible mechanisms of PJP infection in lung cancer patients, diagnosis and prevention, and other research progresses to provide reference for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide and one of the leading cause of death from malignant tumors. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation is a common mutation in NSCLC. For advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as Gefitinib, Afatinib, Oxitinib and other targeted therapies have become the first-line treatment recommended by many guidelines, but many patients develop acquired drug resistance after about 1 year of medication. Patients with drug resistance will have earlier disease progression than patients without drug resistance, which has an important impact on the prognosis of patients. At present, the main treatment for patients with acquired resistance is new target inhibition for resistant mutation. For example, if patients with T790M mutation are resistant to the first or second generation drugs such as Gefitinb and Afatinib, they can be treated with the third generation drugs (Osimertinib or Almonertinib), which can delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, the study of drug resistance mechanism and treatment of drug resistance patients are essential. This paper mainly reviews targeted therapy and drug resistance mechanism of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients, in order to provide reference for clinical application of EGFR-TKIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the application value of prognostic nutritional index and urea/creatinine ratio in nutritional status assessment for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods A total of 138 patients with esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy were screened. NRS 2002 nutritional screening was used as the standard. Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and urea/creatinine ratio (UCR) were used to evaluate the malnutrition of patients with esophageal cancer. ROC curve was used to evaluate and compare the diagnostic efficacy of different nutritional screening tools. Results The biochemical and hematological indexes of patients with esophageal cancer showed certain characteristics, in which the levels of urea, creatinine, UCR, ALB, PALB, TP, TC, TG, HDL and LDL all fluctuated within the normal range. In terms of nutritional risk screening, the NRS 2002 score identified nutritional risk in 57.97% of patients, while the PNI and UCR predicted nutritional risk in 31.16% and 40.58% of patients, respectively. Consistency test showed that the Kappa value of PNI and NRS 2002 scores was 0.460 (P < 0.05), and the Kappa value of UCR and NRS 2002 scores was 0.522 (P < 0.05), indicating that there was a certain correlation between them and NRS 2002 scores in nutritional risk screening. Correlation analysis showed that NRS 2002 score was significantly correlated with UCR, ALB, PALB, PBL, Cr, HDL and TP (P < 0.05), while PNI was significantly correlated with ALB, PALB, PBL, Cr, HDL, TP and UREA (P < 0.05) . There were significant correlations between UCR and PALB, UREA and Cr (P < 0.05) . Logistic univariate regression analysis further confirmed these correlations and revealed that malnutrition was negatively correlated with albumin, prealbumin, total protein, lymphocytes, creatinine and BMI, and positively correlated with urea. However, multivariate regression analysis did not find any statistical difference between these related factors and the two objective evaluation measures. The results of diagnostic efficacy evaluation showed that the area under ROC curve of PNI and UCR evaluation to predict esophageal cancer malnutrition was 0.779 and 0.736, respectively, with statistical significance (P < 0.001) . Among them, UCR showed higher sensitivity and PNI showed higher specificity, but there was no significant difference in diagnostic value between them. Conclusion PNI and UCR as nutritional assessment tools have certain application value in the nutritional risk screening of patients with esophageal cancer, but their consistency with NRS 2002 score needs to be improved. When assessing the nutritional status of patients, a combination of various indicators and methods should be used to achieve more accurate diagnostic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, of which non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have now become one of the main treatments for advanced NSCLC. This paper retrospectively investigated the effect of peripheral blood inflammatory indexes on the efficacy of immunotherapy and survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, in order to find strategies to guide immunotherapy in NSCLC. Methods Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were hospitalized in The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2018 to August 2019 were selected to receive anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab, sintilimab or toripalimab) monotherapy or combination regimens. And were followed up until 10 December 2020, and the efficacy was evaluated according to RECIST1.1 criteria. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were followed up for survival analysis. A clinical prediction model was constructed to analyze the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) based on NLR data at three different time points: before treatment, 6 weeks after treatment and 12 weeks after treatment (0w, 6w and 12w), and the accuracy of the model was verified. Results 173 patients were finally included, all of whom received the above treat-ment regimen, were followed up for a median of 19.7 months. The objective response rate (ORR) was 27.7% (48/173), the disease control rate (DCR) was 89.6% (155/173), the median PFS was 8.3 months (7.491-9.109) and the median OS was 15.5 months (14.087-16.913). The chi-square test and logistic multi-factor analysis showed that NLR6w was associated with ORR and NLR12w was associated with ORR and DCR. Further Cox regression analysis showed that NLR6w and NLR12w affected PFS and NLR0w, NLR6w and NLR12w were associated with OS. Conclusion In patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, NLR values at different time points are valid predictors of response to immunotherapy, and NLR <3 is often associated with a good prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is an important therapeutic target for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent years, with the emergence of several ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the overall survival (OS) of ALK fusion positive patients is gradually extended. This paper reports the treatment of a late stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient with ALK fusion positive for more than 5 years, and analyzes the treatment process and effect evaluation, so as to provide experience for the follow-up treatment of patients. Methods The diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with advanced ALK fusion mutation positive lung cancer admitted to the third ward of Department of oncology, Chifeng hospital, Inner Mongolia on July 3, 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Results A 42 years old male patient was admitted to our department on July 3, 2015 for "intermittent cough, chest tightness for 2 months, diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma for 1 day". Imaging examination showed a space occupying lesion in the left lower lobe of the lung, accompanied by mediastinal lymphadenopathy and left encapsulated pleural effusion. Bronchoscopic pathology showed non-small cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma was tentatively suggested. Diagnosis: left lower lobe adenocarcinoma T1bN2M1a stage IV. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated the translocation of ALK (2p23) chromosome. After 2 cycles of docetaxel+cisplatin (DP) regimens chemotherapy, disease progression occurred, so we used 6 cycles of pemetrexed+carboplatin to apply combination chemotherapy, 4 cycles of pemetrexed monotherapy were used after that. The efficacy evaluation: PR. On April 9, 2016, the patient was treated with crizotinib. In August 2019, multiple intracranial metastases were found and whole brain radiotherapy was given. Since September 4, 2019, oral administration of nsatinib has been carried out. As of March 1, 2021, the patients were followed up well. Conclusion The advanced ALK fusion positive lung ad-enocarcinoma patients, though the first-line and the second-line chemotherapy, and the follwing application of ALK-TKI treatment, has procured a total OS has reached 68 months, and the current follow-up is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a well known biomarker for targeted immunotherapy. However, the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and the immunotherapy efficacy is not always consistent in different cases. Some patients who are PD-L1 negative still can benefit from immunosuppressive therapy, while some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with PD-L1 positive, even strongly positive, can not. Therefore, PD-L1 is not a completely reliable immunotherapy biomarker. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) estimated by whole exome sequencing (WES) is a biomarker recently approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this paper, we briefly reviewed the factors that result in the variaty of TMB in order to improve the reliability of the TMB and help clinicians to select patients who can get benefit from immunotherapy more wisely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the value of UHRF1 in the early diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. Methods: In this paper, we collected the paracancerous and cancerous tissues of 26 patients with bladder cancer. At the same time, human BCa cells and T24 cells were used as in vitro models. CCK-8 analysis, TUNEL staining, LDH activity and the level of Caspase 3/8/9 protein surface activity were used to detect the effect of UHRF1. qRT-PCR detection, gene chip and Western blotting were used to detect the downstream pathway of UHRF1. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, UHRF1 expression was significantly activated in bladder urothelial carcinoma membrane tissue. At the same time, the expression of UHRF1 in the bladder urothelial carcinoma membrane group of III-IV bladder cancer patients was significantly higher than that of the I-II bladder cancer patient group. Up-regulation of UHRF1 can promote the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and reduce the level of LDH activity. When UHRF1 was up-regulated for 3 and 5 days, Caspase-3/9 activity in bladder cancer cells was inhibited. UHRF1 overexpression can activate VEGF and HIF1αm RNA and protein expression. Activating the HIF1α-VEGF pathway inhibits the regulation of UHRF1 on the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. Conclusion: UHRF1 promotes the proliferation of bladder cancer cells through the HIF1α-VEGF pathway, suggesting that UHRF1 can be used as a molecular marker for predicting bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective With the popularization of chest computed tomography (CT) early screening for lung cancer, the detection rate of lung cancer combined with multiple primary malignancies (MPM) in other organs has been increasing. In this paper, the incidence, pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment characteristics and prognosis were discussed and analyzed to provide research basis for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods From September 2011 to September 2015, a total of 5,570 patients with lung cancer were treated in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. Te clinicopathological characteristics of 61 patients with lung cancer combined with MPM in other organs were retrospectively analyzed. Results Te incidence rate of lung cancer combined with MPM in other organs in this group was 1.1%, of which 15 cases were synchronous MPM (SMPM), 46 cases were metachronous MPM (MMPM). Colorectal cancer, breast cancer and thyroid cancer accounted for the top three of lung cancer combined with MPM in other organs. Te overall 5-year survival rate was 39.3% and 71.4% of patients died from metastasis or recurrence of lung cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that the clinical stage of lung cancer patients, the order of occurrence of lung cancer and other tumors, the treatment status of patients with other organ tumors and the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation were important factors for the survival of the patients. Conclusion Te incidence rate of lung cancer combined with MPM in other organs is not uncommon. Lung cancer is the main cause of death compared with other organs tumors. Patients with advanced lung cancer, SMPM, lung cancer first, combined with tumor only receiving palliative treatment and without EGFR gene mutation had a poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIS) have good efficacy on most advanced tumors, which brings new hope to patients with advanced tumors. However, the immune system activated by ICIs may attack human normal tissues and organs, resulting in corresponding immunotoxicity, such as checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis. This article carried out a meta-analysis on the incidence and risk of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor-associated pneumonia in advanced tumors patients. Methods The computer retrieval of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase and CNKI was performed, and the studies on the occurrence rate of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-associated pneumonia in terminal cancer patients were collected, with the retrieval time limit of January 2000 to January 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Revman 5.3 and R 3.6.2 software to compare the occurrence rate of pneumonia under different circumstances. Results 15 studies were included, involving 8,642 patients, of which those with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor were treatment group, and those with chemotherapy were control group. The odds radio of all grades of immune pneumonia was 6.63, and that of high grade was 4.87. The occurrence rate of all grades of pneumonia in the ICI group with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was 1.658 times than other tumors, and that of high grade was 2.299 times. The occurrence rate of all grades of pneumonia in second-line or more treatment with ICI was 0.489 times than that in first-line, and that of high grade was 0.449 times than that in first-line or more treatment with ICI. Conclusion Compared with chemotherapy, the risk of immune-associated pneumonia is higher in PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, and its occurrence risk is high in the ICI group with NSCLC and the first-line treatment with ICI. This paper provides guidance for clinic treatment of terminal cancers and prevention of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the emergence of liquid biopsies, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) demonstrated significant value in the early diagnosis of patients with cancer, curative effect evaluation and prognosis evaluation. CTCs are the main cause of tumor metastasis, which indicates the poor prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is particularly important to elucidate the mechanism of CTC's generation, how to entry into circulatory system and immune escape. At present, accurate diagnosis and treatment has become an important direction to improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients. CTC for lung cancer is expected to provide a strong theoretical basis and important methods for accurate diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the above hot issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

which may lead to neuropathic pain, emotional distress, functional difficulties, and interpersonal problems. Although exercise interventions have been proposed for improving and preventing CIPN, evidence regarding the efficacy of these interventions has been inconsistent and of inadequate quality. In addition, few domestic systematic reviews have examined the effects of exercise on CIPN. Purpose: To examine the effects of exercise interventions in cancer patients with CIPN using a systematic review (SR) method. Methods: An SR method was used in this paper by applying the concept of PICO using keywords P "cancer", I "rehabilitation", "exercise", C "usual care, standard of care", and O "chemotherapy-Induced peripheral neuropathy" in a search of the Ovid Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Airiti Library databases for articles published from 2002 to 2021. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 13 research articles were identified for review in this study. Results: The 13 randomized controlled trials reviewed in this SR included 909 cancer patients during or after chemotherapy who were receiving exercise interventions. The results indicate that single or combined exercise protocols have consistent benefits in terms of improving CIPN symptoms. However, because of the relatively small sample sizes (n = 19-355) and the multiple types (n = 9), frequencies (1-7 day/week), and durations (5-60 minutes/ time) of exercise protocols used in these studies, future research is necessary to explore differences in the types and subgroup effects of exercise. Conclusions: The results from this systematic review indicate that the combined exercise model has consistent benefits in terms of helping prevent and alleviate the symptoms of CIPN. In clinical practice, healthcare providers may consider encouraging cancer patients to initiate mild physical activity when their physical conditions are stable and without evident side effects from chemotherapy to minimize the impacts of CIPN on daily functioning and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRAF gene mutation is found in about 2%-4% of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This type of NSCLC is characterized by high malignancy, low efficacy of chemotherapy and poor prognosis. Although the combination treatment of BRAF inhibitor and MEK inhibitor has achieved remarkable results in advanced NSCLC patients with BRAF V600E mutation, which has been written into the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, severe side effects of the combination therapy are frequently observed. There isn't effective treatment strategy after drug resistance, and targeted therapy for non-V600E mutation patients is still lacking. In this paper, we summarized the researches on expression of immune markers in NSCLC patients with mutant BRAF and analyzed the studies on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), so as to provide more options for prolonging survival of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, the management model of cancer patients has gradually shifted to individual mode based on molecular mutation detection. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation is an important driving factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Compared with traditional chemotherapy, EGFR-targeted therapy shows significant safety and efficacy. However, not all patients with EGFR mutations are eligible for EGFR-targeted therapy, and different types of mutations often indicate different clinical outcomes, such as the sensitive mutations EGFR 19-Del, L858R, and the resistance mutation. In addition, the third-generation TKI drugs Osimertinib (AZD9291) and Rociletinib (CO-1686) have been developed to further benefit patients with primary TKI resistance caused by T790M mutation of EGFR. Therefore, detection of the EGFR mutation status of patients before treatment, and continuously monitoring the mutation of drug resistance genes during the treatment process is useful for the management of targeted drugs in NSCLC patients. In recent years, the rapid development of "liquid biopsy" technology has made it possible to use non-invasive methods to monitor drug resistance mutations in real time. In this paper, we reviewed the clinical application of various non-invasive detection techniques for EGFR mutations in NSCLC in different liquid samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrative therapy, as one of the psychological intervention modalities in humanistic medicine, has received increasing attention from scholars in various fields. This paper reviews the concept origin and development of narrative therapy, the application of narrative therapy in psychological interventions for cancer patients, and the advantages and limitations of narrative therapy, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for clinical research on narrative therapy interventions for cancer patients. (叙事疗法是人文医学心理干预方式之一, 越来越受到各个领域学者的重视。本文从叙事疗法的概念起源及发展、叙事疗法在癌症患者心理干预中的应用、叙事疗法的优势与局限性3个方面进行综述, 以期为叙事疗法干预癌症患者心理情绪的临床研究提供理论基础。)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses cancer clinic benefit from distress screening through searching literatures within 15 years in the database of Pubmed，Medline，and CNK，describes pros and cons of the frequently-used distress screening measurements in cancer clinical daily work，summarizes current situation，and makes suggestions about cancer distress screening in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The treatment of tumor has a strong timeliness and periodicity. Due to the duration of COVID-19 outbreak of is uncertain, patients with malignant tumors may have recurrent or progressive disease if they are not treated effectively for a long time. Several studies have shown that delayed chemotherapy and endocrine therapy may have adverse effects on the prognosis of cancer patients. Under the epidemic situation, it has become the key problem to be solved urgently by oncologists that how to better serve cancer patients, prevent and control the infection of cancer patients and their families, how to adjust and optimize the hospital treatment process, so as to ensure the scientific and orderly development of clinical work, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on the treatment of cancer patients. This paper focuses on effectively guiding the emergency management, diagnosis and treatment process, reasonable follow-up, scientific epidemic prevention, reducing the risk of transmission and paying close attention to the mental health of tumor patients, to provide the reference for improving the prognosis of tumor patients during the epidemic situation.

The objective of this article is to describe the perioperative nursing experience of a patient with oral cancer undergoing flap reconstruction surgery. From October 26, 2017 to November 10, we collected the data of the patient according to Gordon's 11-itemed functional health patterns with resect to preoperative visits, intraoperative care, postoperative education, observation, and visiting methods. As a result, we were able to determine the patient's main health problems over the course of care. In the preoperative phase, the major problem was anxiety. During the operative phase, the major nursing problem was the potential risk of pressure sores. In the postoperative nursing care phase, the major problem was the body image disorder. Preoperative visits assist patients in facing the disease. Preoperative preparation process aims to reduce their anxiety and maintain the patient's safety during operation. Postoperative visits aims to assess the patient's needs, accompany them through the period of change in appearance, encourage family support and companionship to enhance the patient's self-confidence, share experiences through continuous care mode, and implement the perioperative nursing methods for overall care. This study can serve as a reference for nursing similar patients and to improve the quality of the perioperative nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with head and neck cancers are often intubated with nasogastric tube after surgery for nutrition provision and infection prevention. The rate of deliberate self-extubation of nasogastric tube was 3.60% among patients after surgery in our hospital from January to February, 2012. By investigating cases of successful extubation, our team was able to identify the major factors behind the premature self-extubation: low rate of patient education delivered by nurses according to patients' needs (only 13.33%), and low percentage of consistency in patients' descriptions of their experience after nasogastric intubation (23.96%). This project was aimed to reduce the self-extubation rate of nasogastric tube among patients with head and neck cancers to 0.72%. The nursing interventions included: 1. develop and implement nasogastric tube care model: (i) set the care model as a key point in the patient education shift routine, (ii) set the care model as a focal point for each shift, and (iii) establish effective communication and feedback; 2. encourage case discussions using positive feedback and revise care model accordingly; 3. revise patient education pamphlets. After the project was implemented, from Sept. 2012 to August 2013, the rate of deliberate self-extubation of nasogastric tube was reduced to 0.57%. This result indicates that our nasogastric tube care model is effective in reducing the rate of deliberate self-extubation of nasogastric tube among patients with head and neck cancers after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]