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[Purpose/Significance] This paper clarifies the concept of novelty, reviews different novelty measurements, and summarizes different types and research progress of novelty detection at home and abroad. It is of great significance to the development of science and scientific technological planning. [Method/Process] By summarizing existing relevant Chinese and English literature, this paper reviews the definitions of novelty, different novelty measurements such as content analysis and citation analysis, as well as their evaluation methods. [Result/Conclusion] Most of the existing methods measure the novelty from a single perspective, and few used combined methods. Therefore, both qualitative and quantitative methods should be taken into consideration to form a comprehensive analysis in the future.

Background With the deepening of health care reform in China, primary care and general practice researches have developed rapidly in recent years, and the number of papers published has increased rapidly. Objective Summarize and analyze the scientific research papers published in the field of primary care and general practice in China in 2021, explore the characteristics in the number of papers published, journals published, regions, institutions, research categories, research methods, and the number of authors. Methods Based on the disciplinary definition of the research concepts, themes and methods in this field, combining scoping review methods and bibliometric techniques, scientific research papers published by researchers in Chinese scientific research institutions in 2021 included in the CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science database were retried, induced and analyzed. In this paper, combined with the scope review method and bibliometric technology, a systematic search and quantitative analysis were carried out on scientific research papers in the fields of primary care and general practice published by researchers in Chinese scientific research institutions in 2021 included in the CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Results There are 3 122 original research papers published in the fields of primary care and general practice in China in 2021. The number of papers published by primary care institutions accounted for 57.69%, but most of the papers were completed by a single authoramong such institutions. Papers published by the eastern primary care institutions accounted for 80.12%. The research category is dominated by clinical research (58.23%) and health services researches (27.07%) , the co-occurrence analysis of keywords by VOSviewer shows that the research themes focus on "chronic disease management" and "contracted family doctor services", these papers mostly used randomized controlled trials (40.87%) and cross-sectional survey studies (36.71%) in research methods. The vast majority of papers in primary care and general practice field are published in non-core and non-SCI/SSCI journals (76.75%) , and only 6.98% of papers are published in SCI/SSCI journals. Conclusion The productivity level of primary care and general practice research in China has now reached the highest level in the world, of which the primary care institutions in the eastern region have made major contributions. The research topics in the primary care and general practice field are close to institutional practice and national health policy. However, there are still a series of problems and challenges in this field, such as the lack of cooperation among researchers in primary care institutions, the large number of studies using randomized controlled trial methods may have problems such as quality concerns and low recognition of research in this field in China by international SCI/SSCI journals.

Cerebral revascularization is constantly being updated and iterated, but there are still many challenges: how to regulate the bypass flow quantitatively, how to reconstruct cerebral artery perforator vessels with diameter less than 0.5 mm, etc. This paper reviews the birth of revascularization and the development of cerebral revascularization, focusing on the basic principle and innovative technology of cerebral revascularization, application and effect of cerebral revascularization in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms, current situation and development trend of cerebral revascularization iteration. The aim is to promote the iteration of cerebral revascularization and its application in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neurosurgical critical care is playing an increasingly pivotal role in the advancement of neurosurgery. It not only provides perioperative life support for neurosurgical patients but also addresses the treatment of severe cerebrovascular diseases and traumatic brain injury. Over the past two decades, major tertiary hospitals in China have established subspecialties dedicated to neurosurgical critical care. However, at the county level and other grassroots hospitals, the adoption of neurosurgical critical care concepts require further promotion. This paper reviews the development history of the neurosurgical critical care specialty and proposes measures to enhance the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of grassroots hospitals. These measures include standardizing core professional competencies, implementing high-quality multi - disciplinary team, and improving essential hardware configurations, with the goal of achieving standardized diagnosis and treatment in neurosurgical critical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Stroke is the property of Chinese Journal of Stroke Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the study of age estimation in living individuals, a lot of data needs to be analyzed by mathematical statistics, and reasonable medical statistical methods play an important role in data design and analysis. The selection of accurate and appropriate statistical methods is one of the key factors affecting the quality of research results. This paper reviews the principles and applicable principles of the commonly used medical statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, difference analysis, consistency test and multivariate statistical analysis, as well as machine learning methods such as shallow learning and deep learning in the age estimation research of living individuals, and summarizes the relevance and application prospects between medical statistical methods and machine learning methods. This paper aims to provide technical guidance for the age estimation research of living individuals to obtain more scientific and accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been widely used for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, drug - resistant epilepsy and other diseases. The operation procedure of this surgical method is complicated, and it also has certain complications in clinical application, including surgical complications such as intracranial hemorrhage and infection, hardware complications such as lead fracture and displacement, and stimulation complications such as paresthesia and muscle spasm, in which lead fracture and erosion and infection of the skin behind the ear are common and troublesome complications. In clinical practice, we found that lead fracture and erosion and infection of the skin were mainly located behind the ear. Since 2012, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University had applied the retroauricular bone grinding groove technology in DBS, which significantly reduced the incidence of lead fracture and erosion and infection of the skin. Therefore, the retroauricular bone grinding groove technology can effectively solve the above problems. This paper mainly introduces the retroauricular bone grinding groove technology and the clinical application attention matters, providing references for colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Library & Information Science in Agriculture is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Library & Information Science in Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the aggravation of population aging, the health of the elderly has become an important issue in the aging society. The Mediterranean diet (MD) contributes to healthy aging by changing dietary patterns to delay and prevent disease onset. This paper summarizes the concepts related to the MD pattern and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases, cognitive dysfunction, depression, chronic inflammation and other brain and heart comorbidity in the elderly, so as to provide thinking and reference for the optimization and upgrading of the elderly, and contribute to the development of healthy China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heart and brain are important organs of human body, which are closely related in genetic, structural and functional aspects. It is of great significance to elucidate the correlation between heart and brain and its mechanism for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This paper reviews the genetic, structural and functional correlations between heart and brain, and discusses mechanisms of correlations from the perspective of common clinical heart diseases and brain diseases, so as to provide theoretical basis for the research and treatment of brain and heart comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) implantation is an effective treatment for end - stage heart failure in addition to heart transplantation. Neurological complications, especially ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, are the most common complications in patients after LVAD. This paper reviews the common neurological complications and its risk factors in patients after LVAD, and proposes early prevention and management strategies to provide guidance for the perioperative and long - term management of LVAD implantation in end-stage heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular surgery has a high risk of neurological complications, which can increase the burden of disease. Perioperative real-time monitoring of neurological function in cardiovascular surgery can assist clinicians to detect neurological abnormalities as early as possible, intervene and reduce the risk of neurological complications in time. The main monitoring indicators include cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2), EEG, cerebral blood flow (CBF), etc. In this paper, the common perioperative neuromonitoring techniques and their research advances in cardiovascular surgery are reviewed to provide theoretical basis for reducing neurological complications and improve the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sichuan Mental Health is the property of Sichuan Mental Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neurophysiological technique uses the bioelectrical principle to record the spontaneous or external stimulation-induced electrical activities of the central or peripheral nervous system. Due to the essential difference in the pathophysiological mechanism of functional and organic movement disorders, neurophysiology is of great significance for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In order to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of functional movement disorder (FMD) and provide the basis for the accurate diagnosis, this paper reviews the common clinical neurophysiological techniques and their application in FMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Publishing Journal is the property of Wuhan University, School of Information Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a research hotspot in recent 20 years. In order to standardize the name and definition of the imaging features of CSVD, the STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE) recommended the imaging diagnostic criteria for CSVD in 2013, namely STRIVE-1. In 2023, this standard updated according to the research achievement in recent 10 years. This paper aims to introduce STRIVE- 2, especially focus on explaining the differences between these two standards in order to help clinicians and researchers understand the changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tumor tissue of craniopharyngioma is closely adherent to peripheral neurovascular tissue, so the operation to remove lesion is more difficult, the perioperative complications are very serious, and the prognosis of patients is poor. There are many studies on the use of tumor histology or anatomical classification to guide surgical principles and surgical approaches, as well as drug therapy or combination therapy, but no consensus has been reached. This paper reviews the histological, anatomical and molecular typing of craniopharyngioma, providing new ideas for the future realization of the fusion typing of craniopharyngioma to guide the precise treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate diagnosis of consciousness disorder after brain injury is the basis for further treatment. The previous evaluation of consciousness disorder after brain injury is mainly based on behavior scales and imaging examination, which is limited to subjective factors and external interference and difficult to detect and evaluate in real time. The development of objective and efficient evaluation methods of consciousness disorder after brain injury is currently a hot spot in clinical research. Neurophysiological monitoring is safe, objective, simple to operate, and can be detected continuously timely. It can be used as an evaluation method for consciousness disorder after brain injury. In this paper, we summarize the application paradigms and analysis methods of evoked potential and EEG in the clinical evaluation of consciousness disorder after brain injury in recent years, in order to provide new technical ideas for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of consciousness disorder after brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Library & Information Science in Agriculture is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Library & Information Science in Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorde (iRBD) is a precursor symptom of neurodegenerative diseases, and most patients will convert to neurodegenerative diseases later in the disease. Reliable biological markers are of great significance for early identification of high-risk converters and predicting phenoconversion pattern. This paper reviews the research progress of biological markers in predicting conversion to neurodegenerative diseases in iRBD from clinical symptomology, neuroelectrophysiology, neuroimaging, body fluid, pathology and gene markers, in order to select patients suitable for disease modification therapy and delay the development of neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT - I) boasts convincing evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials, yet its practical application encounters substantial barriers. This paper analyzes the key techniques and challenges of CBT-I, proposing the following workflow improvements to enhance its clinical application and benefit more insomnia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is not yet clear, and there is no effective treatment method at present. MRI is an important imaging in diagnosing. In this paper, the imaging markers and scoring methods and criteria of CSVD are elaborated, and the diagnosing and grading methods of CSVD are discussed, to provide theoretical basis for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional gait disorder (FGD) is a common subtype of functional movement disorder (FMD), mainly characterized by instability, lameness and Parkinson's gait. The clinical manifestations of FGD are the same as those of other types of gait disorder, with the possibility of misdiagnosis. However, there are significant differences in the treatment principles between them, so clear diagnosis and accurate treatment are crucial to improve patients' symptoms and prognosis. This paper aims to systematically review the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of FGD, in order to improve the understanding of clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study of age estimation in living individuals, a lot of data needs to be analyzed by mathematical statistics, and reasonable medical statistical methods play an important role in data design and analysis. The selection of accurate and appropriate statistical methods is one of the key factors affecting the quality of research results. This paper reviews the principles and applicable principles of the commonly used medical statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, difference analysis, consistency test and multivariate statistical analysis, as well as machine learning methods such as shallow learning and deep learning in the age estimation research of living individuals, and summarizes the relevance and application prospects between medical statistical methods and machine learning methods. This paper aims to provide technical guidance for the age estimation research of living individuals to obtain more scientific and accurate results.

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sichuan Mental Health is the property of Sichuan Mental Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Because they possess low immunogenicity, high proliferation, and different capabilities. MSCs are mostly derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and placenta; they act mainly by regulating immune and inflammatory responses, neuroprotection, and promoting angiogenesis; they can be introduced into the body via intracerebral or intravascular injection, and their efficacy in treating ischemic stroke can be enhanced when combined with physical methods such as hypoxic pretreatment. This paper reviews the animal studies of MSCs treatment of ischemic stroke and describes the therapeutic effects of MSCs on ischemic stroke model animals from the perspectives of the types of MSCs, mechanisms of action, injection methods, and physical methods of intervention to enhance the efficacy of MSCs, to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognition disorders is a common complication of epilepsy, which seriously affects patients' activities of daily living. Timely measures can avoid further impairment of patients' cognitive function. There are many risk factors for cognition disorders in patients with epilepsy. This paper summarizes the risk factors related to cognition disorders in patients with epilepsy, and classifies them according to epileptic factors and non-epileptic factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for accurate treatment of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurological degenerative disease that can cause structural and functional abnormalities of the heart. Amyloid-β protein (Aβ) and AD-related gene variants play important roles in the pathophysiological changes of the heart associated with AD. This paper reviews the structural and functional damage of the heart associated with AD and its possible mechanism of action, providing theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of AD and exploring new drugs and therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which patients have the chief complaint of cognitive decline but no objective manifestations. It is considered to be an earlier stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than the preclinical stage of AD, and the risk of progression to AD is higher. At present, there is a limited understanding of SCD in China. This paper reviews the concept of SCD, the status quo of epidemiological research, research framework, related risk factors, its relationship with AD, as well as the progress of neuropsychological tests and imaging research, so as to provide the possibility for the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a group of clinically rare neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolding of prion proteins, and is the most common type of human prion diseases. Since the prion characteristics were recognized in the 1970s, the diagnostic detection technology has made great progress, especially the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). This paper describes the pathogenesis of CJD, the mechanism of action of RT-QuIC and its application in the diagnosis of CJD in order to promote the application and development of RT-QuIC technology in the field of CJD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive involvement of upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN). With the rapid development of sequencing technique, genetic screening of ALS improved from a single locus site sequencing to whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS), more and more pathogenic genes affecting the occurrence and development of diseases have been discovered. At present, the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS mainly include abnormal protein aggregation, abnormal DNA or RNA function, changes in cytoskeleton and axon dynamics, autophagy process, lysosome dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exploring the genetic mechanism of ALS has great significance to elucidate its pathophysiological mechanism. This paper reviews the main pathogenic genes, genetic research methods and related pathogenic mechanisms of ALS, reveals the pathogenesis and development of the disease and related pathophysiological mechanisms, and provides new strategies for the treatment of ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

7T ultra-high field MRI (7T MRI), with its high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high contrast, is superior to conventional field intensity MRI in clinical applications such as diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), assisting in the identification of pathological subtypes of the both, locating the scope of surgical excision, and has made progress in the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). This paper aims to review the clinical application value and research progress of 7T MRI in order to promote its application in the field of diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]