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The accelerations of globalization, climate change, and population aging gradually increase the complex challenges to human health. Globalization-induced global health issues significantly increase the speed and range of infectious disease transmission, causing a more profound impact. Climate change not only directly affects human health but also indirectly increases the risk of infectious disease outbreaks by altering ecosystems and the distribution of disease vectors. Meanwhile, population aging has escalated the burden of chronic non-infectious diseases and highlighted complex health issues like comorbidities, posing significant challenges to healthcare systems and social service assurance systems. Technological innovations offer unprecedented opportunities to address these health challenges. Advanced techniques like precision medicine and artificial intelligence (AI) are emerging innovations to deal with current health issues. Advancements in technology are reshaping our health management paradigms. Technological innovations are not only the driving forces for the development of modern medicine, but also the key to addressing future health issues. In the future, it is essential to strengthen health system construction, innovate mechanisms for medical and preventive integration, enhance scientific and technological research and innovation, and empower primary healthcare with AI, aiming to further tackle health challenges and improve human well-being.

Since general practice was introduced to China in the late 1980s, significant phased achievements have been made in its development. The construction of the discipline and the talent training system has gradually improved, the quantity and quality of the talent pool have continuously increased, the structure of the team has been continuously optimized, service models have been continuously innovated, and service levels have steadily improved. A path of development with Chinese characteristics for general practice has emerged. The discipline of general practice in China has undergone profound changes in five aspects: from being neglected to being valued, from being lenient to being strict, from imitation to innovation, from a peripheral to a mainstream discipline, and from fragmentation to systematization. A mature general practice discipline requires four basic elements: unique theory, unique methodology, unique educational and training paradigms, and unique application scenarios. However, the development of the general practice discipline and the speed of talent cultivation in China still cannot meet the rapidly growing health needs of the people. In the face of these new challenges, the solution is to "develop academics, strengthen the discipline; build a brand, enhance quality; establish a platform, and strengthen culture. " By establishing the China Academic Community of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (CACGP), an academic community for general practitioners in China, conducting academic research that is oriented towards China and addresses grassroots health issues with the characteristics of general practice, and achieving shared academics, shared development, shared communication, and shared innovation, we can cultivate high-level talents in the general practice discipline, provide the people with high-quality and efficient general practice services, and promote the high-quality development of the general practice discipline.

Background The "Healthy China 2030" strategy has put forward higher demands for the allocation of health human resources, and more regional studies on the evaluation of the equity of health human resources have been conducted in China, but there is no overview of multiple categories of health human resources in various medical institutions from a national perspective. Objective To describe the trend and equity of 12 categories of health care institutions and 5 categories of health human resources in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) nationwide from 2005-2021, so as to provide reference for the optimization of human resource allocation in various health institutions in the future. Methods National data on health human resources was collected from China Public Health Statistical Yearbook (2006-2012), China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook (2013-2017) and China's Hygiene and Health Statistical Yearbook (2018-2022), demographic and economic data was collected from China Statistical Yearbook (2006-2022). The average annual growth rate and concentration index were calculated by collecting the per capita occupancy of each health human resource in medical and health institutions in each province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) of China from 2005 to 2021, and the equity analysis was conducted based on the level of economic development. Results The total number of health personnel in China continued to rise, with an average annual growth rate of 5.58%, with faster growth in rural areas at an average annual growth rate of 10.87%; the number of health personnel in community health service centers (stations) had the fastest growth rate (average annual growth rate of 18.05%), the number of personnel in health supervision offices grew at a lower rate (average annual growth rate of 0.18%), and the number of personnel in disease prevention and control centers showed a decreasing trend (average annual growth rate of -0.39%). Except for community health service centers (stations), the concentration index of the total number of health personnel in all types of medical institutions was

As a simple, rapid and effective research method, test-negative design (TND) has been widely used to support the evaluation of post-marketing effectiveness of vaccines and efficacies of interventions in healthcare institutions, showing a magnificent prospect of application. With the emergence of new derivative types such as real-time TND and cluster-randomized TND, TND has also been gradually applied to the exploration of disease risk factors and effectiveness evaluation of interventions. However, there are still few related research reports in China. We introduced the basic principles, methods and essentials of implementation, newly derivative types such as real-time TND and cluster-randomized TND, advantages and limitations of TND, as well as its applications in assessing post-marketing effectiveness for vaccines and efficacies of interventions, providing a theoretical and practical basis for researchers in China to carry out relevant research.

The COVID-19 pandemic brings about influence and challenge for ensuring healthcare services for non-communicable diseases. To guarantee the healthcare services for community-living patients with non-communicable diseases and to meet their healthcare needs, the Beijing municipal government issued a series of policies and relevant supporting measures, including five parts: promoting the implementation of the extended prescription policy, providing Internet-based medical services, further implementing the hierarchical medical system, giving full play to the role of family doctors, and carrying out the service of doorstep delivery of medicines. We reviewed and summarized policies and corresponding measures implemented in Beijing for guaranteeing healthcare for community-dwelling non-communicable disease patients during COVID-19 early response period and ongoing containment period. By evaluating the implementation effect of the policies and comparing with those at home and abroad, it is found that the community chronic disease management under the continuous epidemic situation can be further optimized in the future from the aspects of strengthening the training of grass-roots medical personnel, paying attention to the monitoring of chronic diseases and their risk factors, accurate health management, continuing to implement the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, and exploring the whole cycle health management of chronic diseases.

Since the first case of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant discovered in South Africa was reported to the WHO on November 24, 2021, a total of 57 countries (regions) had reported Omicron cases as of December 8, 2021. Omicron has become the dominant strain in some African countries and is spreading rapidly. Although Omicron causes mild symptoms, with most cases being asymptomatic and mild, the rapid increase in the number of cases could put a heavy strain on global health systems. In addition, its source, transmission characteristics and vaccine resistance remain unclear, which brings great challenges to pandemic prevention and control in all countries (regions) . We reviewed the latest developments in etiological characteristics, mutation sources, transmission characteristics and possible mechanisms, pandemic status, vaccine protection effect and containment measures regarding Omicron, providing a reference for scientific containment of Omicron mutant.

Colored peanut is a multi colored seed coat characteristics of edible peanut, integrating ornamental, fresh, nutritional, and health benefits. Yunnan Province is one of the representative production areas for edible peanuts in China. In recent years, on the basis of traditional cultivated red skinned small grain peanuts, excellent germplasm of edible peanuts have been developed. These new varieties exhibit colorful seed coats in purple and black, and possess desirable traits as high sugar content, low oil content (e.g. Yunhua 23). These excellent edible raw materials had advantages in quality and sales price, with a typical annual output value of about 75 000 CNY/hm² and a maximum output value of over 150 000 CNY/hm². These advantages significantly increased regional peanut output value, which became a driving force for rural revitalization in the production area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the exposure status of preconception health risk of Chinese males aged 21-49 years in 31 provinces and analyze the changes of their exposure status during 2010-2012., Methods: The "Core Indicators of Preconception Health Risk Exposure Status in Chinese reproductive couples" were used to evaluate the preconception health risk of males aged 21-49 years who participated in National Free Preconception Health Examination Project. From January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012, a total of 2 030 083 males were recruited from 220 pilot counties of 31 provinces. The risks involved three aspects closely correlated with offspring health: behavioral risk, infectious risk and genetic risk., Results: The overall smoking rate of Chinese rural males aged 21-49 years was 31.19% (622 837/1 997 051). They smoked a daily average of 10 cigarettes. The median number of cigarettes smoked was 10 per day and it increased with age. The overall drinking rate was 31.81% (634 556/1 994 925). Meanwhile, median alcohol consumption increased with age. The rate of males with a history of birth defect, family inbreeding and familial genetic disease accounted for 0.12% (2 344/1 994 324), 0.20% (4 043/1 997 707) and 0.94% (18 736/2 000 005) respectively. The rates of males with a history of hepatitis B and sexually transmitted diseases were 0.67% (13 317/1 988 904) and 0.05% (912/1 988 904) respectively. HBsAg positive rate was 6.32% (124 274/1 965 821). And the positive screening rate of Treponema pallidum was 0.37% (7 169/1 947 021). Among three types of risks, the highest risk was behavioral risk while the lowest risk genetic risk. Behavioral risk, genetic risk and sexually transmitted diseases in infectious risk were all lowest in 2012 while HBV infection in infectious risk was lowest in 2010., Conclusion: The general status of preconception health is fair for rural males aged 21-49 years in 31 provinces. However, there are still some behavior, genetic and infectious risks. The preconception health risk of rural males showed an overall declining trend during 2010-2012.

Objective: To assess the exposure status of preconception health risk of Chinese reproductive women and analyze the changes of their exposure status during 2010-2012., Methods: The "Core Indicators of Preconception Health Risk Exposure Status in Chinese reproductive couples" were used to evaluate the preconception health risk of women during reproductive period (aged 21-49 years) who participated in National Free Preconception Health Examination Project. From January 1, 2010 to December 31 2012 a total of 2 120 131 women were recruited from 220 pilot counties of 31 provinces. The risks involved the following eight aspects: genetic risk, reproductive risk, chronic disease risk, infectious risk, nutritive risk, behavioral risk, environmental risk and psychosocial risk., Results: The overall rate of preconception health risk in Chinese reproductive women (aged 21-49 years) was 54.63% (1 124 552/2 058 648). Among all age groups, the lowest rate was 53.05% (262 646/495 092) in 21-24 age group while the highest rate 66.94% (7616/11379) in 45-49 age group. The top three risks were nutritive risk [35.74% (726 826/2 033 730)], infectious risk [10.16% (206 983/2 037 022)] and chronic disease risk [6.96% (142 130/2 042 110)]. From 2010 to 2012, the rate of preconception health risk in Chinese reproductive women (aged 21-49) were 55.35% (182 087/328 991) (2010), 56.03% (502 888/897 511) (2011) and 52.82% (439 577/832 146) (2012) respectively. In different years, the rates of nutritive, infectious, behavioral and genetic risks were all highest in 2011. And the rates of eight types of risks were all lowest in 2012. In different age groups, all eight risks were lowest in 21-24 age group and highest in 45-49 age group. And the preconception health risk increased with age., Conclusion: The general status of preconception health of reproductive women is fair. However, there are still some risks. The preconception health risk in Chinese reproductive women showed a declining trend during 2010-2012.