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The post-entry operation sustainability of airline routes directly affects their profitability. This paper investigates factors influencing the operating duration of airline routes based on a survival analysis modeling method. Key factors are selected from five aspects representing characteristics in terms of cost and supply, route and airport, market structure, airline cooperation type, and time heterogeneity. The transatlantic market between Europe and the US is chosen as the empirical study due to its high degree of liberalization. The research period ranges 19 years from 2003 to 2021. First, the single factor analysis is conducted by utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method. Second, a Weibull parameter survival model is constructed to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the chosen factors and the operating duration of airline routes. The results show that：(1) The average operating duration of the EU-US routes is five years, among which routes that were continuously operated for more than 10 years account for 16%；(2) the operating duration of airline routes is significantly influenced by distance, airline’s total capacity, route structure, endpoint airports type, route competition, airline type, and region as well as alliance；(3) both independent and interaction variables representing alliance and code-share characteristics have significant impacts on route operating duration. Routes operated by Star and SkyTeam members have a longer operating duration. For airlines in the same alliance, the route-exit risks between operating carriers and marketing carriers in code-sharing cooperation are significantly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BDS precise orbit and precise clock products provided by IGS analysis centers may differ due to the use of different antenna phase center models, which has a great impact on the comparison between precise products and the use of precise products to evaluate the accuracy of the BDS signal-inspace user range error. In this paper, the influence of different antenna phase center correction models on the precise orbit and clock products is analyzed in depth by using the measured observation data. Based on this, the BDS signal-in-space user range error evaluation method is proposed considering different antenna phase center correction models. With the precise orbit and clock products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) , Deutsches GeoForschungs Zentrum(GFZ) and Wuhan University (WHU),we evaluate the broadcast orbit,broadcast clock and signal-in-space user range error. The results show that after considering the difference of the satellite antenna phase center correction model? the accuracy of the signal-in-space user range error evaluated by the BDS precise orbit and precise clock products provided by different analysis centers is basically the same. Geostationary orbit is better than 1. 68 m, inclined geosynchronous orbit is better than 0. 78 m, medium earth orbit is better than 0. 66 m, which verifies the correctness of the evaluation method proposed in this paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]