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In order to reveal the influence mechanism of wood chemical composition on longitudinal static and dynamic viscoelasticity of cell wall from the perspective of micromechanics, enrich the research content of mechanical properties of wood cell wall and provide reference for selective fiber utilization, wood cell wall at 2/3 of the cross section of Pinus massoniana wood was taken as the research object. Hemicellulose and lignin in cell wall were removed step by step by chemical method, and the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were measured by NREL’S LAPS. The changes of chemical composition of wood cell wall were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties such as creep compliance, storage modules and loss modulus of wood cell wall were measured by nano indentation technology. Then, the relationship between the static viscoelastic properties of wood cell wall and chemical components was studied using Burgers model. The results showed that cellulose played a leading role in the static viscoelastic properties of wood cell walls. Wood extract had little effect on the viscoelasticity of cell wall. The effects of hemicellulose and lignin on the dynamic viscoelasticity of cell wall were significant. After removing hemicellulose and lignin, the storage modulus of cell wall was reduced by 17.4% and 49.4%, respectively, while the loss modulus was increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]