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Sarcopenia aggravates the debilitating symptoms of the elderly, increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as fall, disability and death, and brings a heavy burden to patients, their families and society. At present, the insufficient understanding of sarcopenia in China, and the research on sarcopenia is still in the initial stage of exploration, so it is urgent to effectively curb the occurrence and development of this disease. In this paper, the research status of sarcopenia in the elderly in recent years and the related data of influencing factors were integrated and analyzed, and the harm and related factors were summarized, in order to improve people's cognition by combing the research status and analyze the causes and influencing factors, explore reliable and effective health education scheme, provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an increasingly serious health problem. It is not only a simple disease, but also involves medical expenditure and medical resource allocation, which increases the economic burden of society. In view of the differences in physiological characteristics during childhood and transition period, medical workers need to investigate the the reassessment timing and treatment options for patients with GHD from adolescence to adulthood.In this paper, the research progress of clinical manifestations, reassessment, diagnosis and treatment of GHD during the transition period were briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most people's ocular surface hosts relatively stable microbial communities, and the change of microenvironment is closely related to the health of ocular surface. The use of 16S rDNA/rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology has greatly improved the understanding of microbial communities of the ocular surface. The human eyes, especially the conjunctiva, are directly exposed to the ever-changing environments, and it is important to know if there are identifiable microbiome differences in the ocular surface flora, which is helpful to explain the geographic diversity of ocular surface diseases. This paper provides a new way to interpret the geographical diversity of ocular surface diseases by 16S rDNA/rRNA high-throughput sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant. Due to the very long biological half-life of cadmium, it is difficult to degrade and affects people's health. In our daily life, there are two sources of cadmium, one is from minerals, and the other is from the mixture of chemicals. Because the kidney has the ability to reabsorb and accumulate divalent metals, it is the first target organ of cadmium poisoning, so it is particularly important to study its toxic action. This paper makes a systematic review from the physical and chemical properties of cadmium, pollution pathways, pathological changes of cadmium exposure, the mechanism of cadmium toxicity, and the prevention and treatment of cadmium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proprioceptive impairment is the main cause of postural abnormality and multiple injuries in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Rehabilitation training is the “gold standard” for the treatment of CAI at present, but it has a dose-time-effect relationship. Acupuncture on myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) can directly adjust proprioceptor and improve its perception ability. The paper reviews the research progress of acupuncture on MTrPs in the treatment of CAI, in order to provide new ideas and evidence for the early rehabilitation of patients with CAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial corneal ulcer (BCU) is an infectious eye disease that seriously endangers vision. Its common pathogens are resistant to antibiotics, which lead to treatment failure. Bacteriophage is a virus that hosts bacteria and other microorganisms. It has a high inhibitory effect on different antibiotic resistant bacteria, and has less adverse reactions. Therefore, it has great prospects as a potential alternative or adjuvant therapy for BCU. At present, researchers have successfully used bacteriophage to treat bacterial keratitis and corneal ulcer, which can kill pathogenic bacteria while maintaining the integrity of eye structure. The paper reviews the structure, classification, process of bacterial infection and application of bacteriophages in BCU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis (OP） is a metabolic disease of bone, characterized by low bone function and degradation of bone tissue fiber structure.Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF） is one of the common and serious complications of OP.In recent years, with the advent of minimally invasive technology, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP） has been widely used in clinical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Percutaneous vertebroplasty is mainly to infuse bone cement into the affected vertebra in order to increase the strength and stability of the affected vertebra and relieve the pain of patients.However, some patients still have different degrees of lumbago and back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty.This paper summarizes and expounds the diagnosis, pathogenesis, risk factors and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM） treatment of residual lumbago and back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a clinically common chronic pain, usually seen in trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic NP and other diseases, which seriously affect patients′ sleep and quality of life. Its etiology involves many factors, the pathogenesis is still unclear, the clinical treatment effect is not good. Recently, a large number of studies have shown that nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) plays an important regulatory role in NP by regulating the release of immune-cell-related pro-inflammatory cytokines and pain mediators through transcription, and is involved in the occurrence and maintenance of neuroinflammation. In this paper, by reviewing and summarizing literatures related to NP, the relationship between NF-κB signaling pathway and NP was sorted out, aiming to provide research direction for targeted drug therapy of NP-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analysed the literature about male nurses′ professional gender stereotypes and professional identity at home and abroad, in order to understand their intrinsic links, the current situation at home and abroad as well as the relevant interventions, and provide reference for stabilizing the male nursing workforce and building a perfect nursing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perirenal adipose tissue（PRAT) is a special visceral fat deposit, which is located between renal fibrous membrane and renal fascia. Compared with other connective tissues, PRAT exhibits a unique anatomical structure in the distribution of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves.Excessive PRAT deposition will increase the risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart disease.Therefore, this paper reviewed the research progress on the origin, anatomical structure of PRAT and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases, in order to provide evidence for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders（PND) is a complication of the central nervous system after surgical anesthesia, which can threaten the life quality of patients.However, its etiology and mechanism are still unclear. Propofol is the most widely used intravenous anesthetic in clinical anesthesia at present. Previous studies have shown that propofol plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PND.Therefore, this paper reviewed the research on the mechanism of PND induced by propofol in recent years, and provided new ideas for the prevention and treatment of PND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease with unknown etiology. At present, the main therapeutic drugs are aminosalicylic acid and glucocoticoids. It is an inevitable requirement for drug research and development to find targeted drugs to treat UC specifically through UC-related signal pathways.This paper comprehensively expounded the role of UC-related signaling pathways on the pathogenesis and the research progress of drugs targeting specific pathways in order to provide a sound basis for the treatment of UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a global public health problem, hand, foot and mouth disease（HFMD） is extremely harmful and can cause neurological diseases in children.It has the characteristics of high infectivity, diverse modes of transmission and complex and diverse pathogens.The pathogens causing HFMD in children are mainly Coxsackie virus A and human enterovirus 71（EV71）.As one of the main pathogens of HFMD,EV71 is highly infectious.At present, the effective drugs against EV71 have been developed, which is a key way to prevent HFMD.This paper summarized the research progress of EV71 and anti-EV71 drugs, so as to provide valuable reference for the research and development of new drugs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy（ALC） is one of the most important day surgery at home and abroad.Compared with traditional inpatient surgery, ALC has higher requirements for medical safety, postoperative rehabilitation speed and postoperative rehabilitation quality.Medical safety is an important indicator to evaluate the quality of day surgery, and it is necessary for nurses in charge of the day surgery ward to change traditional concepts, reserve professional knowledge and improve nursing strategies.This paper reviewed the development status and nursing strategies of ALC in order to provide reference for nurses in charge of the day surgery ward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for orthodontics has gradually increased. Fixed corrective appliance or invisible correction without brackets exerts a orthodontic force to the teeth and jaw by attaching brackets or attachments to the surface of the teeth. The bonding between brackets and attachments on the tooth surface is very important. This paper reviews the research progress of the bonding techniques on the tooth surface [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial fibrosis participates the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases.Myocardial fibrosis changes the original structure of the myocardium, which may lead to cardiac contractile dysfunction, increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events, and have a profound impact on the clinical treatment and prognosis of the patients with cardiovascular disease.Early detection and intervention of myocardial fibrosis is particularly important.This paper reviews the diagnosis and measurement of myocardial fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired delirium in ICU is a common complication of critically ill patients, which is associated with various adverse outcomes and brings the heavy burden to their families and society. The patient-centered comfort shallow sedation strategies(eCASH concept) can alleviate the patient's pain, is conducive to control the agitation and delirium, therefore which is usually used in the prevention of acquired delirium in ICU patients. This paper reviews the three aspects of the connotation of eCASH concept, implementation method and effect for preventing acquired delirium in ICU, meanwhile analyzes the existing problems in the implementation of this strategy and proposes the related suggestion in order to provide reference for carrying out the related practice in our country [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex hormone receptors are widely distributed in brain neurons. Studies have shown that sex hormones play the important promoting role on learning and memory capacities,moreover their effects have the potential gender divergence. The long-term potentiation is one of the most intensively studied memory cell models,in each link,it shows the sexual bimodal phenomenon of memory encoding. This paper reviews the mechanism causing the difference of learning and memory abilities between sexes from the perspective of sex hormones by comparatively analyzing the action mechanisms of estrogen and androgen respectively in brain neurons,synapses and glial cells [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with traditional preparations, the targeted liposomes have become a hot spot in the development of new drugs, which can improve the drug selectivity, increase the efficacy, reduce the adverse reactions and improve the patient compliance.Conducting the scientific and standardized pharmacological evaluation on targeted liposomes is of great significance to ensure the safety, efficacy and quality control of pharmaceutical preparations.This paper reviews the preclinical pharmacological evaluation of targeted liposomes. Taking the quality research and control of targeted liposomes as reference, it focuses on the technology and method of pharmacological evaluation of targeted liposomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is highly expressed in tumor cells and promotes the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells through a variety of signal transduction pathways, which is closely correlated to its poor prognosis. Long non coding RNA (lncRNA) has a variety of regulatory mechanisms to regulate the gene expression from the multiple aspects of chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional processing. Many previous studies have shown that lncRNA affects the proliferation of malignant tumor cells by regulating PGK1. The paper mainly summarizes this core issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]