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Solidification and stabilization (S/S) is one of the primary technologies for the treatment of heavy metals in soil. It is particularly important to strengthen the concept of solidification and stabilization materials in the research and development of materials. The mechanisms of solidification and stabilization materials on soil heavy metals include precipitation, adsorption, coordination, organic complexation, and redox reactions. This paper mainly focuses on the systematic study of materials in soil heavy metal solidification and stabilization, proposes research & development methods for soil heavy metal solidification and stabilization, including screening and comparison, optimization and combination, surface modification, surface loading, and bridging composite methods. The basic research on the application of solidification materials includes five aspects of the framework, solidification and stabilization materials-heavy metals-water bodies, solidification and stabilization materials-soil-heavy metals, solidification and stabilization materials-soil-plant-heavy metals, solidification and stabilization materials-field-crop-heavy metals, and the evaluation of environmental safety and application effect on heavy metal treatment. For each aspect, the main content and key linked points of the research are explained. This holds importance for promoting the study of materials in soil heavy metal solidification and stabilization, and strengthening the application based on this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]